Water that fills the cracks and spaces in underground soil and rock layers

An environment that provides the things a specific organism needs to live, grown and reproduce

Any form of water that falls from clouds and reaches Earth’s surface as rain, snow, sleet, or hail

The process by which water is lost through a plant’s leaves

The continual movement of water among Earth’s atmosphere, oceans, and land surface through evaporation, condensation, and precipitation

A wide sloping deposit of sediment formed where a stream leaves a mountain range

A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake

The wide flat area along a river

A large channel in soil that carries runoff after a rainstorm

A region in which a layer of limestone close to the surface creates deep valleys, caverns, and sinkholes

A loop like bend in the course of a river

A meander cut off from a river

A tiny groove in soil made by flowing water

Water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground

An icicle like structure that hangs from the ceiling of a cavern

A column like from that grows upward from the floor of a cavern

A channel through which water is continually flowing downhill

A stream or river that flows into a large river

A smooth, nearly flat region of the deep ocean floor

A gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent

A undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced

A steep incline of the ocean floor leading down from the edge of the Continental Shelf

The total amount of dissolved salts in a water sample

A system that uses reflected sound waves to locate and determine the distance to objects under water

A steep-sided volcanic mountain rising from the deep ocean floor

A deep, steep-sided canyon in the ocean floor

A large stream of moving water that flows through the ocean

The effect of Earth’s rotation on the direction of winds and currents

The average annual conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area

An abnormal climate event that occurs every two to seven years in the Pacific Ocean, causing changes in the winds, currents, and weather patterns for one to two years

A climate event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which surface waters are colder than normal

An area between the highest high tide line on land and the point on the continental shelf exposed by the lowest low tide

The area of the ocean that extends from the lo-tide line out to the edge of the continental shelf

The deepest, darkest area of the ocean beyond the edge of the continental shelf

Tiny algae and animals that float in water and are carried by water and currents

Free swimming animals that can move throughout the water column

Organisms that live on the bottom of the ocean or another body of water

The pattern of overlapping feeding relationships or food chains among the various organisms in an ecosystem

The pressure caused by the weight of a column of air pushing down on an area

Elevation above sea level

An instrument that measures changes in air pressure without using a liquid

An instrument that measures changes in air pressure

The ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume (m/v)

An instrument that measuring changes in air pressure, consisting of a glass tube partially filled with mercury, with open end resting in a dish of mercury

A wave that can transfer electric and magnetic energy through the vacuum of space

The trapping of heat near a planet’s surface by certain gases in the planet’s atmosphere

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths that are longer than visible light but shorter than microwaves

Reflection of light in all directions

Electromagnetic waves with wavelengths that are shorter than visible light but longer than x-rays

An instrument used to measure wind speed.

Winds that blow steadily from specific directions over long distances.

The flow of air from land to a body of water.

The distance in degrees north or south of the equator.

Winds that blow over short distances.

The flow of cooler air from over an ocean or lake toward land.

The horizontal movement of air from an area of high pressure to an area of lower pressure.

A measure of cooling combining temperature and wind speed.

A huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure at any given height.

Bands of high-speed winds about 10 km above Earth’s surface.

A humid air mass that forms over oceans.

Cut off, as in a front where a warm air mass is caught between two cooler air masses.

A cold air mass that forms north of 50o north latitude or south of 50o south latitude and has high air pressure.

A warm air mass that forms in the tropics and has low air pressure.

The climate of the centers of continents, with cold winters and warm or hot summers.

The side of a mountain range that faces away from the oncoming wind.

The climate of some coastal regions, with relatively warm winters and cool summers.

Sea or land breeze over a large region that changes direction with the seasons.

The areas near both poles from about 66.5o to 90o north and 66.5o to 90o south latitudes.

The areas between the tropical and the polar zones.

The area near the equator between about 23.5o north latitude and 23.5o south latitude.

The side of a mountain range that faces the oncoming wind.

Salinity is a measure of which of the following in water?

What is the most abundant salt in seawater?

Two gasses found in ocean water that are needed for living things are:

A large stream of moving water that flows through the oceans is called a(n)

In which zone is ocean temperature most affected by the weather?

Exploring the deep zone is difficult because of its:

The densest ocean water is generally found

As you go deeper in the ocean, all of the following decrease except:

Earth’s rotation makes global winds curve. This is called the

What causes cold, deep currents to form in the oceans near the poles?

Which of the following increase salinity?

The density of seawater depends on:

The process in which deep, cold water and nutrients rises and mixes with surface water is called

What is the name of the process by which water vapor enters the atmosphere during the water cycle?

Cold, dry air affecting the northern United States in winter often comes from

Weather associated with an anticyclone is generally

The greenhouse effect is

Local winds differ from global winds because they

Which is the major source of energy for most of Earth’s weather patterns?

Which statement best describes why a valley glacier moves?

The major agent of erosion that has shaped Earth’s land surface is

What causes a glacier to move?

How will location Z be affected by evaporation and wind?

How are humans contributing to the Greenhouse Effect

Two containers were placed in front of a lamp for 10 minutes. Both containers were filled with air. Additional carbon dioxide was added to one container. The final temperatures of both containers are shown.

What does this experiment prove?

Winds are created by ....

At higher altitudes, temperatures are often cooler because there is ______ air pressure, so there are _____ air molecules to absorb the heat.