An inheritable trait possessed by certain individuals that are exposed to a pesticide and survive;

compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH; helps maintain homeostasis

number of individuals per unit area

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

the circular DNA of a prokaryote/bacteria

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; enzymes reduce this to speed up reactions

principal chemical compound that cell use as energy

form part of a lipid molecule

a bacterium no longer is affected or killed by an antibiotic; caused by an inheritable mutation or by sharing Plasmids through conjugation;

Sexual reproduction;

monomer of Proteins; link together by peptide bonds to make polypeptides/proteins

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor; Same structure, different function

principal chemical compound that cell use as energy

random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

any animal that lives by preying on other animals

using DNA sequences and/or chemical compounds (proteins/amino acids) of species to determine relatedness

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete; causes diversity/variation

a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins; passive-requires NO Energy

organisms that possess favorable adaptations survive &pass them onto the next generation; *inheritable adaptations*

bacteria that DO NOT need oxygen; 1st organisms on Earth

A cell in a seedless plant that can grow into a new plant; asexual reproduction in nonflowering plants

using DNA sequences and/or chemical compounds (proteins/amino acids) of species to determine relatedness

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus like food

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete; causes diversity/variation

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

The organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells; FOLDS=More Surface Area=More ENERGY

the movement of a substance across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient; requires the cell to expend energy (APT)

A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

synthesis of carbohydrate (glucose) from chemicals (energy source), carbon dioxide, and water

C6H12O6; a monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar; an important source of energy

an organelle in protists that expels/regulates water

When a desired human gene (donor gene) is inserted into a bacterial plasmid for mass production

each step in a food chain or food web

a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. nitrogen); holds the 2 sides of DNA together

the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (+-)

The introduction of normal genes into an afflicted individual for therapeutic purposes; tries to correct faulty genes

a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems

the process by which the cell surrounds and engulfs substances

found only on X-chromosome, where XaXa or XaY have the disease; Examples: Red-green Color Blindness & Hemophilia

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

A gene with more than two alleles; blood type (A, B, AB, O)

number of individuals per unit area

A laboratory technique that separates fragments of DNA by size (large fragments at the top & smallest fragments at the bottom); creates a DNA Fingerprint

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete; causes diversity/variation

When a desired human gene (donor gene) is inserted into a bacterial plasmid for mass production

bacteria that DO NOT need oxygen; 1st organisms on Earth

number of individuals per unit area

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; stores information for making proteins

Movement in response to light

project whose goal was to map, sequence, and identify all of the genes in the human genome; For the purpose of curing diseases

a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. nitrogen); holds the 2 sides of DNA together

the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce daughter cells

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals; created by gel electrophoresis used for forensic purposes

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

The DNA in a non-dividing cell; uncoiled chromosomes

made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers

A gene with more than two alleles; blood type (A, B, AB, O)

a lipid; forming a protective coating on plant leaves and fruits but also in animals - wax of honeybees, outer layer lipids of insects (water proofing), etc

the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of cell energy

macromolecules used for long term energy storage (2nd Source), cell membranes, and insulation

the inheritance pattern of genes located on the sex chromosome

the difference of a concentration of substance across a space

one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations; the letters (TT, Tt, tt)

the process by which a compound (such as a pollutant or pesticide) increases its concentration in the tissues of organisms as it travels up the food chain;

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA; transcription & translation

storage form of glucose in plants

an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant)

Enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific sequence of nucleotides

a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate causing a gamete to have 1 extra chromosome & another to have 1 less chromosome

a bacterium no longer is affected or killed by an antibiotic; caused by an inheritable mutation or by sharing Plasmids through conjugation;

organism that is genetically engineered by inserting a gene from another organism

Process by which free nitrogen (N2) is extracted from the atmosphere and converted (fixed) into nitrogen compounds which are plant nutrients. In nature, this process is carried out by certain bacteria, blue-green algae, and lightning

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area

project whose goal was to map, sequence, and identify all of the genes in the human genome; For the purpose of curing diseases

23rd pair of human chromosomes, which determine an individual's gender; XX-Female / XY-Male

describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell; water moves out & cell shrinks

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells

a structure Euglena use to detect light

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits; (Tall or Short)

An evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species.

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations; the letters (TT, Tt, tt)

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

synthesis of carbohydrate (glucose) from chemicals (energy source), carbon dioxide, and water

a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens for export by the cell

(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

The contamination of Earth's land, water, or air

A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy (2ATP) in the absence of oxygen;

random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA; transcription & translation

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events; Pavlov dogs; Learning by association

macromolecules used for long term energy storage (2nd Source), cell membranes, and insulation

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

A cell in a seedless plant that can grow into a new plant; asexual reproduction in nonflowering plants

proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions; usually end in -ase; VERY SPECIFIC

first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA;

trait controlled by two or more genes; shows a wide variety of phenotypes

A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. These use energy from the sun or from chemicals to make food

organisms that possess favorable adaptations survive &pass them onto the next generation; *inheritable adaptations*

creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other

The process by which yeast turns glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohol, & 2 ATP

The organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells; FOLDS=More Surface Area=More ENERGY

the process by which the cell surrounds and engulfs substances

Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions combine with water; affects aquatic ecosystems first

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; enzymes reduce this to speed up reactions

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms; closer the branches are the more related they are

the action of clearing a wide area of trees; contributes to an increase of CO2 in the atmosphere contributing to global warming

made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers

storage form of glucose in plants

the inheritance pattern of genes located on the sex chromosome

the process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; occurs in the nucleus

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

The structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assemble; found in most nuclei

Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus like food

Process in which mRNA attaches to the ribosome, reads each mRNA codon (3 bases), tRNA brings an amino acid; amino acids make a polypeptide/protein

the inheritance pattern of genes located on the sex chromosome

Single celled Eukaryotes; live in water environments

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule

organisms that possess favorable adaptations survive &pass them onto the next generation; *inheritable adaptations*

the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it (+0)

creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other

a nonrenewable energy resource that forms in the Earth's crust for millions of years;

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells

describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell; water moves out & cell shrinks

made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers

the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems

a lipid; cholesterol

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

a bacterium no longer is affected or killed by an antibiotic; caused by an inheritable mutation or by sharing Plasmids through conjugation;

behavior in defense of an area against another individual

random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue

a structure Euglena use to detect light

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells

Energy stored in chemical bonds

synthesis of carbohydrate (glucose) from chemicals (energy source), carbon dioxide, and water

the movement of carbon between land, ocean, and atmosphere through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration

(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

(ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

Increase in Earth's temperature from the buildup of CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere

a structure Euglena use to detect light

organisms in an ecosystem that break down organic material (dead organisms, their waste, etc.)

A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

Means "false feet." This is how amoeba move from place to place.

Process by which free nitrogen (N2) is extracted from the atmosphere and converted (fixed) into nitrogen compounds which are plant nutrients. In nature, this process is carried out by certain bacteria, blue-green algae, and lightning

A whip-like structure made up of microtubles that function in locomotion

an organelle in protists that expels/regulates water

water pressure within a plant cell

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate causing a gamete to have 1 extra chromosome & another to have 1 less chromosome

the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals; created by gel electrophoresis used for forensic purposes

A fluid filled organelle that stores water & food; plants have enzymes of metabolic waste material

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; enzymes reduce this to speed up reactions

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life

The lack of or slowing of activity and metabolism during hot, dry season such as summer; summer dormancy

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

Energy from the sun

the fatty acid chains of a lipid (water hating); tails of the phospholipid

a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins; passive-requires NO Energy

containin chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

a vital process, required for life to exist on Earth; If accelerated, bad, leads to global warming.

organism that is genetically engineered by inserting a gene from another organism

A diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family

a protein hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

Energy stored in chemical bonds

synthesis of carbohydrate (glucose) from chemicals (energy source), carbon dioxide, and water

Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor; Same structure, different function

The lack of or slowing of activity and metabolism during hot, dry season such as summer; summer dormancy

first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA;

A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells-

A whip-like structure made up of microtubles that function in locomotion

bacteria that DO NOT need oxygen; 1st organisms on Earth

A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms; closer the branches are the more related they are

Storage form of glucose in animals; stored in livers

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

An evolutionary process in which one species splits into two or more species.

bacteria that DO NOT need oxygen; 1st organisms on Earth

number of individuals per unit area

the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (+-)

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events; Pavlov dogs; Learning by association

used to connect 2 amino acids together

An inheritable trait possessed by certain individuals that are exposed to a pesticide and survive;

A gene with more than two alleles; blood type (A, B, AB, O)

random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

Energy from the sun

The structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assemble; found in most nuclei

A short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion

A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells-

a protein hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

the phospholipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of a cell

Process by which free nitrogen (N2) is extracted from the atmosphere and converted (fixed) into nitrogen compounds which are plant nutrients. In nature, this process is carried out by certain bacteria, blue-green algae, and lightning

Naming an organism with its genus and species name.

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens for export by the cell

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy (2ATP) in the absence of oxygen;

an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant)

Abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue

the site of protein synthesis

carbohydrate chains made up of monosaccharide molecules

largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

the series of events that take place in a cell leading to its division and duplication of its DNA (DNA replication) to produce daughter cells

found only on X-chromosome, where XaXa or XaY have the disease; Examples: Red-green Color Blindness & Hemophilia

DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

C6H12O6; a monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar; an important source of energy

a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of organisms; Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given organism

reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent; Examples: mitosis, binary fission, budding, fragmentation

Energy from the sun

Increase in Earth's temperature from the buildup of CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere

Animals (muscle cells) will break down glucose without oxygen to make 2 ATP, lactic acid, & CO2

containin chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

the formation of new species as a result of evolution

Sexual reproduction;

each step in a food chain or food web

the bottom of the energy pyramid; includes any organism that makes its own food from raw materials

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

cellular respiration that uses oxygen to release energy(ATP);

Abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue

an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant)

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis

makes up the bi-layer of the cell membrane

a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

the formation of new species as a result of evolution

The process by which yeast turns glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohol, & 2 ATP

number of individuals per unit area

found only on X-chromosome, where XaXa or XaY have the disease; Examples: Red-green Color Blindness & Hemophilia

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment; "survival of the fittest"

Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus like food

behavior in defense of an area against another individual

a membrane-bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within a cell.

the movement of carbon between land, ocean, and atmosphere through the processes of photosynthesis and respiration

a lipid; forming a protective coating on plant leaves and fruits but also in animals - wax of honeybees, outer layer lipids of insects (water proofing), etc

proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions; usually end in -ase; VERY SPECIFIC

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens for export by the cell

describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that inside a cell; water moves in & cell swells

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy (2ATP) in the absence of oxygen;

first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA;

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; enzymes reduce this to speed up reactions

(biology) the structural adaptation of cells for a particular function; signals activate/"turn on" specific genes

Storage form of glucose in animals; stored in livers

A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

organisms that possess favorable adaptations survive &pass them onto the next generation; *inheritable adaptations*

a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells

first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA;

Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus like food

the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems

Single celled Eukaryotes; live in water environments

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

used to connect 2 amino acids together

In a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains DNA & stores the information for making proteins

molecules that bind target receptors on cell membranes to cause genes to be turned on or off; also can be hormones

The contamination of Earth's land, water, or air

the analysis of DNA from samples of body tissues or fluids in order to identify individuals; created by gel electrophoresis used for forensic purposes

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. These use energy from the sun or from chemicals to make food

unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells; Undifferentiated cells

(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

the bottom of the energy pyramid; includes any organism that makes its own food from raw materials

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; enzymes reduce this to speed up reactions

carbohydrate chains made up of monosaccharide molecules

The process by which yeast turns glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohol, & 2 ATP

any relationship in which two species live closely together with mutalism, commensalism, parasitism

secreted or excreted chemical signals that triggers a social response in members of the same species; used for an alarm, to mark food trails, attraction, and many others that affect behavior or physiology

the substance acted upon by an enzyme

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; BACTERIA

trait controlled by two or more genes; shows a wide variety of phenotypes

the movement of substances across the cell membrane without the use of cell energy

a protein hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds; Protein

a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of organisms; Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given organism

macromolecule that provides structure and functional processes for the cells; made up of amino acids

the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life

a lipid; cholesterol

makes up the bi-layer of the cell membrane

storage form of glucose in plants

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events; Pavlov dogs; Learning by association

A ridged structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protists, and most bacteria

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

C6H12O6; a monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar; an important source of energy

DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

The ability to do work or cause change

population growth pattern where a population grows faster as it increases in size; J-curve

used to connect 2 amino acids together

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA; transcription & translation

Movement in response to light

a lipid; cholesterol

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

the bottom of the energy pyramid; includes any organism that makes its own food from raw materials

describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell; water moves out & cell shrinks

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

A group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring

The introduction of normal genes into an afflicted individual for therapeutic purposes; tries to correct faulty genes

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

single strand nucleic acid with the bases A, U, C, G; delivers information for making proteins

the formation of new species as a result of evolution

unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells; Undifferentiated cells

A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that make up plants' cell walls

any relationship in which two species live closely together with mutalism, commensalism, parasitism

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

the action of clearing a wide area of trees; contributes to an increase of CO2 in the atmosphere contributing to global warming

The simplest carbohydrate, active alone or serving as a monomer for disaccharides and polysaccharides. Also known as simple sugars

a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Energy stored in chemical bonds

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate causing a gamete to have 1 extra chromosome & another to have 1 less chromosome

makes up the bi-layer of the cell membrane

When a desired human gene (donor gene) is inserted into a bacterial plasmid for mass production

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; enzymes reduce this to speed up reactions

a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of organisms; Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given organism

stores & delivers the information for making proteins; which gives you your traits/characteristics

any compound of carbon and hydrogen

principal chemical compound that cell use as energy

a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

form part of a lipid molecule

the substance acted upon by an enzyme

the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area

the action of clearing a wide area of trees; contributes to an increase of CO2 in the atmosphere contributing to global warming

the fatty acid chains of a lipid (water hating); tails of the phospholipid

(ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member

bacteria that DO NOT need oxygen; 1st organisms on Earth

storage form of glucose in plants

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds; Protein

The process by which yeast turns glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohol, & 2 ATP

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

A short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion

monomer of Proteins; link together by peptide bonds to make polypeptides/proteins

the relation between two different species of organisms that both benefit (++)

A cell in a seedless plant that can grow into a new plant; asexual reproduction in nonflowering plants

the site of protein synthesis

the hydrocarbon end of a fatty acid molecule (water loving); head of the phospholipid

Cell movement that occurs in response to chemical stimulus like food

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

Means "false feet." This is how amoeba move from place to place.

macromolecules used for long term energy storage (2nd Source), cell membranes, and insulation

found only on X-chromosome, where XaXa or XaY have the disease; Examples: Red-green Color Blindness & Hemophilia

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are the main/1st energy source of living things, they are also called ("sugars"); usually end in -ose

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits; (Tall or Short)

made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers

organisms that possess favorable adaptations survive &pass them onto the next generation; *inheritable adaptations*

A cell in a seedless plant that can grow into a new plant; asexual reproduction in nonflowering plants

the process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; occurs in the nucleus

a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that inside a cell; water moves in & cell swells

organisms in an ecosystem that break down organic material (dead organisms, their waste, etc.)

A change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule

any compound of carbon and hydrogen

behavior in defense of an area against another individual

an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant)

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events; Pavlov dogs; Learning by association

a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers; smallest unit

a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. nitrogen); holds the 2 sides of DNA together

random distribution of homologous chromosomes during meiosis

form part of a lipid molecule

a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. nitrogen); holds the 2 sides of DNA together

A fluid filled organelle that stores water & food; plants have enzymes of metabolic waste material

Increase in Earth's temperature from the buildup of CO2 and other gases in the atmosphere

The ability to do work or cause change

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are the main/1st energy source of living things, they are also called ("sugars"); usually end in -ose

(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life

The contamination of Earth's land, water, or air

the process by which plants and some other organisms use light/radient energy to power chemical reactions that convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates (glucose)

compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH; helps maintain homeostasis

a structure Euglena use to detect light

Abnormal cells divide uncontrollably and destroy body tissue

(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; stores information for making proteins

macromolecule that provides structure and functional processes for the cells; made up of amino acids

A membrane that keeps some molecules out but allows others to pass through

principal chemical compound that cell use as energy

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate causing a gamete to have 1 extra chromosome & another to have 1 less chromosome

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers

The ability to do work or cause change

A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds; Protein

macromolecule that provides structure and functional processes for the cells; made up of amino acids

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate causing a gamete to have 1 extra chromosome & another to have 1 less chromosome

proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions; usually end in -ase; VERY SPECIFIC

a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life

polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that make up plants' cell walls

Process by which free nitrogen (N2) is extracted from the atmosphere and converted (fixed) into nitrogen compounds which are plant nutrients. In nature, this process is carried out by certain bacteria, blue-green algae, and lightning

any very large complex molecules that make up living things; Carbs., Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers; smallest unit

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete; causes diversity/variation

a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

polysaccharide consisting of glucose monomers that make up plants' cell walls

animal hunted or caught for food

In a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains DNA & stores the information for making proteins

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete; causes diversity/variation

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

Movement in response to light

the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it (+0)

the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for life

found only on X-chromosome, where XaXa or XaY have the disease; Examples: Red-green Color Blindness & Hemophilia

trait controlled by two or more genes; shows a wide variety of phenotypes

the bottom of the energy pyramid; includes any organism that makes its own food from raw materials

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; stores information for making proteins

A type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events; Pavlov dogs; Learning by association

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms

(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a specific polypeptide chain/protein

When a desired human gene (donor gene) is inserted into a bacterial plasmid for mass production

used to connect 2 amino acids together

a structure Euglena use to detect light

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment; "survival of the fittest"

number of individuals per unit area

Energy from the sun

describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that inside a cell; water moves in & cell swells

the energy that an atomic system must acquire before a process (such as an emission or reaction) can occur; enzymes reduce this to speed up reactions

(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

principal chemical compound that cell use as energy

The process by which yeast turns glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohol, & 2 ATP

(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms; occurs through Natural Selection

the process by which plants and some other organisms use light/radient energy to power chemical reactions that convert water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and high energy carbohydrates (glucose)

the inheritance pattern of genes located on the sex chromosome

any relationship in which two species live closely together with mutalism, commensalism, parasitism

(ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member

The ability to do work or cause change

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Movement in response to light

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. These use energy from the sun or from chemicals to make food

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are the main/1st energy source of living things, they are also called ("sugars"); usually end in -ose

Energy stored in chemical bonds

the circular DNA of a prokaryote/bacteria

a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment

an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant)

stores & delivers the information for making proteins; which gives you your traits/characteristics

Sexual reproduction;

Relatively constant internal physical and chemical conditions that organisms maintain

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

A ridged structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protists, and most bacteria

population growth pattern where a population grows faster as it increases in size; J-curve

(biology) the structural adaptation of cells for a particular function; signals activate/"turn on" specific genes

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

a membrane-bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within a cell.

makes up the bi-layer of the cell membrane

the bottom of the energy pyramid; includes any organism that makes its own food from raw materials

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

an organelle in protists that expels/regulates water

any relationship in which two species live closely together with mutalism, commensalism, parasitism

(chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected

a membrane-bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within a cell.

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area

(ecology) a community of organisms where there are several interrelated food chains

stores & delivers the information for making proteins; which gives you your traits/characteristics

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment; "survival of the fittest"

Energy stored in chemical bonds

each step in a food chain or food web

macromolecules used for long term energy storage (2nd Source), cell membranes, and insulation

DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

organisms in an ecosystem that break down organic material (dead organisms, their waste, etc.)

the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it (+0)

Error in meiosis in which homologous chromosomes fail to separate causing a gamete to have 1 extra chromosome & another to have 1 less chromosome

the movement of a substance across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient; requires the cell to expend energy (APT)

the relation between two different kinds of organisms in which one receives benefits from the other by causing damage to it (+-)

a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of organisms; Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given organism

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

(genetics) a segment of DNA that is involved in producing a specific polypeptide chain/protein

any animal that lives by preying on other animals

a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins; passive-requires NO Energy

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

A membrane that keeps some molecules out but allows others to pass through

reproduction that does not involve the union of gametes and in which a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent; Examples: mitosis, binary fission, budding, fragmentation

any very large complex molecules that make up living things; Carbs., Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids

Storage form of glucose in animals; stored in livers

macromolecules used for long term energy storage (2nd Source), cell membranes, and insulation

animal hunted or caught for food

largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

An organism that obtains organic food molecules without eating other organisms or substances derived from other organisms. These use energy from the sun or from chemicals to make food

an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms

factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease or stop at a given density

Movement in response to light

An increased concentration of a chemical within an organism over time

the struggle between organisms to survive in a habitat with limited resources

a lipid; forming a protective coating on plant leaves and fruits but also in animals - wax of honeybees, outer layer lipids of insects (water proofing), etc

any very large complex molecules that make up living things; Carbs., Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids

trait controlled by two or more genes; shows a wide variety of phenotypes

an animal or plant that lives in or on a host (another animal or plant)

form part of a lipid molecule

When a desired human gene (donor gene) is inserted into a bacterial plasmid for mass production

made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers

the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it (+0)

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

a protein hormone secreted by pancreas; controls blood glucose

stores & delivers the information for making proteins; which gives you your traits/characteristics

the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area

first stage of the cell cycle, during which a cell grows, matures, and replicates its DNA;

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells

An inheritable trait possessed by certain individuals that are exposed to a pesticide and survive;

the relation between two different species of organisms that both benefit (++)

The lack of or slowing of activity and metabolism during hot, dry season such as summer; summer dormancy

When a desired human gene (donor gene) is inserted into a bacterial plasmid for mass production

A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms; closer the branches are the more related they are

synthesis of carbohydrate (glucose) from chemicals (energy source), carbon dioxide, and water

creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other

Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions combine with water; affects aquatic ecosystems first

a chemical substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction

factor that causes the growth of a population to decrease or stop at a given density

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; BACTERIA

A condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed

A gene with more than two alleles; blood type (A, B, AB, O)

one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells

An organism's genetic makeup, or allele combinations; the letters (TT, Tt, tt)

the process by which a compound (such as a pollutant or pesticide) increases its concentration in the tissues of organisms as it travels up the food chain;

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

population growth pattern where a population grows faster as it increases in size; J-curve

The structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assemble; found in most nuclei

A organelle containing digestive enzymes, existing primarily in animal cells

The gelatin like aqueous fluid that bathes the organelles on the inside of the cell membrane

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are the main/1st energy source of living things, they are also called ("sugars"); usually end in -ose

Sexual reproduction;

the ratio of deaths in an area to the population of that area

largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support

trait controlled by two or more genes; shows a wide variety of phenotypes

containin chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

the process, by which, molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

the phospholipid bilayer that forms the outer boundary of a cell

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment; "survival of the fittest"

describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell; water moves out & cell shrinks

macromolecule that provides structure and functional processes for the cells; made up of amino acids

number of individuals per unit area

a natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment; "survival of the fittest"

the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it (+0)

A laboratory technique that separates fragments of DNA by size (large fragments at the top & smallest fragments at the bottom); creates a DNA Fingerprint

a unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; BACTERIA

iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen for delivery to cells

inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival

A membrane that keeps some molecules out but allows others to pass through

In a eukaryotic cell, the organelle that contains DNA & stores the information for making proteins

The contamination of Earth's land, water, or air

using DNA sequences and/or chemical compounds (proteins/amino acids) of species to determine relatedness

a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment

the process, by which, molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration

Occurs whenever a physical barrier divides a population

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy (2ATP) in the absence of oxygen;

The lack of or slowing of activity and metabolism during hot, dry season such as summer; summer dormancy

a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life

(biology) the structural adaptation of cells for a particular function; signals activate/"turn on" specific genes

the substance acted upon by an enzyme

(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms; occurs through Natural Selection

a cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

(ecology) a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member

the biogeochemical cycle by which nitrogen is converted into multiple chemical forms as it circulates among the atmosphere, terrestrial, and marine ecosystems

the circular DNA of a prokaryote/bacteria

A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix; stores information for making proteins

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens for export by the cell

The process by which yeast turns glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohol, & 2 ATP

the site of protein synthesis

organisms in an ecosystem that break down organic material (dead organisms, their waste, etc.)

C6H12O6; a monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar; an important source of energy

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete; causes diversity/variation

a membrane-bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within a cell.

The building block of a nucleic acid, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group; DNA & RNA

using DNA sequences and/or chemical compounds (proteins/amino acids) of species to determine relatedness

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

single strand nucleic acid with the bases A, U, C, G; delivers information for making proteins

a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space

organism that is genetically engineered by inserting a gene from another organism

A whip-like structure made up of microtubles that function in locomotion

A membrane that keeps some molecules out but allows others to pass through

A short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion

the process where the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA; occurs in the nucleus

DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

organisms that possess favorable adaptations survive &pass them onto the next generation; *inheritable adaptations*

the process by which the cell surrounds and engulfs substances

the relation between two different kinds of organisms when one receives benefits from the other without damaging it (+0)

an organelle in protists that expels/regulates water

a bacterium no longer is affected or killed by an antibiotic; caused by an inheritable mutation or by sharing Plasmids through conjugation;

The process by which yeast turns glucose into carbon dioxide (CO2), alcohol, & 2 ATP

a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of organisms; Keys consist of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given organism

A organelle containing digestive enzymes, existing primarily in animal cells

Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions combine with water; affects aquatic ecosystems first

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web

the relation between two different species of organisms that both benefit (++)

A double membrane that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells

DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

The lack of or slowing of activity and metabolism during hot, dry season such as summer; summer dormancy

A laboratory technique that separates fragments of DNA by size (large fragments at the top & smallest fragments at the bottom); creates a DNA Fingerprint

A fluid filled organelle that stores water & food; plants have enzymes of metabolic waste material

Energy stored in chemical bonds

monomer of Proteins; link together by peptide bonds to make polypeptides/proteins

The lack of or slowing of activity and metabolism during hot, dry season such as summer; summer dormancy

a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is equal throughout a space

describing a solution whose solute concentration is equal that inside a cell; water moves in & out at a constant rate (equilibrium)

An inheritable trait possessed by certain individuals that are exposed to a pesticide and survive;

the hydrocarbon end of a fatty acid molecule (water loving); head of the phospholipid

The gelatin like aqueous fluid that bathes the organelles on the inside of the cell membrane

a bacterium no longer is affected or killed by an antibiotic; caused by an inheritable mutation or by sharing Plasmids through conjugation;

Rain containing acids that form in the atmosphere when industrial gas emissions combine with water; affects aquatic ecosystems first

(biology) the sequence of events involved in the evolutionary development of a species or taxonomic group of organisms; occurs through Natural Selection

A membrane that keeps some molecules out but allows others to pass through

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens for export by the cell

an organelle in protists that expels/regulates water

A family tree that shows the evolutionary relationships thought to exist among groups of organisms; closer the branches are the more related they are

The structure in which ribosomes are synthesized and partially assemble; found in most nuclei

reproduction involving the union or fusion of a male and a female gamete; causes diversity/variation

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy (2ATP) in the absence of oxygen;

a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g. nitrogen); holds the 2 sides of DNA together

containin chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis

The process by which cells convert glucose into energy (2ATP) in the absence of oxygen;

behavior in defense of an area against another individual

A ridged structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protists, and most bacteria

A ridged structure that surrounds the cells of plants, fungi, many protists, and most bacteria

A small hole in the nuclear envelope through which substances pass between the nucleus and the cytoplasm

a structure Euglena use to detect light

one of several formed bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm and found in eukaryotic cells

The DNA in a non-dividing cell; uncoiled chromosomes

a membrane-bound structure that is the basic unit of life

creates a blended phenotype; one allele is not completely dominant over the other

a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins; passive-requires NO Energy

A system of membranes in eukaryotic cells that modifies protiens for export by the cell

DNA in a coiled, rod-shaped form that occurs during cell division

any very large complex molecules that make up living things; Carbs., Lipids, Proteins, & Nucleic Acids

describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell; water moves out & cell shrinks

A short, hairlike organelle that extends from a cell and functions in locomotion

synthesis of carbohydrate (glucose) from chemicals (energy source), carbon dioxide, and water

secreted or excreted chemical signals that triggers a social response in members of the same species; used for an alarm, to mark food trails, attraction, and many others that affect behavior or physiology

An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits; (Tall or Short)

The organelle that is the site of aerobic respiration in eukaryotic cells; FOLDS=More Surface Area=More ENERGY

the hydrocarbon end of a fatty acid molecule (water loving); head of the phospholipid

describing a solution whose solute concentration is equal that inside a cell; water moves in & out at a constant rate (equilibrium)

the process by which the cell surrounds and engulfs substances