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Neurologic Changes with Aging

Total questions: 98

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is one neurologic change that occurs with aging?

a)

Increased number of brain cells

b)

Decreased number of brain cells

c)

Increased number of nerve fibers

d)

Increased number of neuroreceptors

2.

Decreased number of brain cells with aging leads to _________

a)

Decreased reflexes

b)

Increased memory

c)

Faster learning

d)

Improved vision

3.

What is a result of decreased number of nerve fibers as people age?

a)

Increased coordination

b)

Decreased coordination

c)

Increased perception of stimuli

d)

Decreased motor responses

4.

Decreased number of neuroreceptors with aging leads to which of the following?

a)

Increased perception of stimuli

b)

Decreased perception of stimuli

c)

Increased motor responses

d)

No change in motor responses

5.

Decreased number of neuroreceptors with aging leads to ________ motor responses.

a)

Decreased

b)

Increased

c)

Unchanged

d)

Accelerated

6.

Which of the following is a common memory-related change with age?

a)

Forgetting names

b)

Increased energy

c)

Improved vision

d)

Enhanced hearing

7.

Name one strategy for adapting to age-related memory changes.

a)

Making lists or posting reminders

b)

Ignoring memory lapses

c)

Avoiding social interaction

d)

Reducing physical activity

e)

Skipping meals

8.

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting sleep in older adults?

a)

Diuretics

b)

Alcohol

c)

Caffeine

d)

Increased appetite

9.

List two aspects of cognition that may change with age.

a)

State of consciousness, memory, language, intelligence, perception, insight and problem-solving ability, judgment, attention span.

b)

Height, weight, hair color, eye color.

c)

Blood pressure, heart rate, cholesterol level, glucose level.

d)

Skin texture, nail growth, hair length, teeth color.

10.

Making lists or posting reminders can help adapt to memory changes in older adults.

a)

True

b)

False

11.

Which of the following is a sleep-related change in older adults?

a)

Improved sleep quality

b)

Inability to go to sleep or interrupted sleep

c)

Decreased need for sleep

d)

None of the above

12.

Fill in the blank: Poor recall of recent events or conversations is an example of an age-related change in _______.

a)

memory

b)

hearing

c)

vision

d)

mobility

13.

Which stimulant can affect sleep in older adults?

a)

Nicotine or caffeine

b)

Vitamin C

c)

Calcium

d)

Iron

14.

Name one medication type that can affect sleep in older adults.

a)

Diuretics or corticosteroids

b)

Antacids

c)

Vitamins

d)

Topical antibiotics

15.

Judgment and problem-solving ability are aspects of cognition that may change with age.

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Fill in the blank: One age-related change in proprioception is ______ reflexes.

a)

slower

b)

faster

c)

absent

d)

enhanced

17.

Fill in the blank: Age-related changes in proprioception include diminished strength of muscles for ______.

a)

posture

b)

digestion

c)

hearing

d)

vision

18.

Fill in the blank: Increased ______ sway is an age-related change in proprioception.

a)

postural

b)

visual

c)

auditory

d)

tactile

19.

Fill in the blank: Damage to the structures of the ______ ear is an age-related change in proprioception.

a)

inner

b)

outer

c)

middle

d)

external

20.

Fill in the blank: Personality generally ______ stable with age.

a)

remains

b)

becomes less

c)

never is

d)

rarely is

21.

Fill in the blank: Signs of impaired emotional control, diminished initiative, or withdrawal may indicate other problems or an initial sign of ______ dysfunction.

a)

brain

b)

liver

c)

kidney

d)

lung

22.

Fill in the blank: One of the assessment steps is to assess the level of ____________.

a)

consciousness

b)

temperature

c)

hydration

d)

mobility

23.

Fill in the blank: During assessment, it is important to assess appropriateness of ____________ and responses.

a)

behavior

b)

location

c)

equipment

d)

timing

24.

Fill in the blank: Assess ____________ status as part of the assessment process.

a)

mental

b)

financial

c)

nutritional

d)

legal

25.

Fill in the blank: Assess for the presence of ____________.

a)

pain

b)

hunger

c)

color

d)

temperature

26.

Fill in the blank: Assess ____________ patterns during the assessment.

a)

sleep

b)

eating

c)

walking

d)

talking

27.

Fill in the blank: Assess laboratory results for electrolyte imbalance, anemia, liver function, thyroid function, drug levels, and vitamin ____________.

a)

B12

b)

C

c)

D

d)

K

28.

Fill in the blank: Assess CT scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results if there is reason to suspect tumor, subdural hematoma, or ____________.

a)

stroke

b)

fracture

c)

infection

d)

migraine

29.

What is one nursing intervention for insomnia that involves bedtime habits? Fill in the blank: Encouraging a _______ ritual and promoting an environment conducive to sleep.

a)

bedtime

b)

morning

c)

exercise

d)

study

30.

Which of the following is recommended as a nursing intervention for insomnia?

a)

Exercise and activity during the day

b)

Avoiding all physical activity

c)

Sleeping during the day

d)

Drinking caffeine before bed

31.

Fill in the blank: Activities or dietary intake that promotes _______ should be avoided before retiring as a nursing intervention for insomnia.

a)

stimulation

b)

relaxation

c)

hydration

d)

nutrition

32.

Which of the following statements is true regarding over-the-counter preparations or medications for insomnia?

a)

They should be taken without consulting a health care provider

b)

They should be monitored closely as they can cause falls

c)

They are always safe for elderly patients

d)

They do not require any monitoring

33.

What is delirium?

a)

A reversible condition of rapid onset

b)

A chronic condition

c)

A type of infection

d)

A nutritional disorder

34.

Which of the following is a symptom of delirium?

a)

A) Behavioral changes such as restlessness

b)

B) Increased appetite

c)

C) Improved sleep

d)

D) Enhanced memory

35.

Fill in the blank: The symptoms of delirium may manifest as behavioral changes including ________, agitation, or appearing withdrawn.

a)

restlessness

b)

euphoria

c)

insomnia

d)

hallucinations

36.

Which of the following is NOT a cause of delirium?

a)

Fever or infection

b)

Dehydration or malnutrition

c)

Regular exercise

d)

Electrolyte imbalances

37.

Alcohol or drug use, abuse or withdrawal can cause delirium.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

Which medication types can contribute to delirium?

a)

Analgesics

b)

Hypnotics

c)

Psychotropics

d)

All of the above

39.

Fill in the blank: Physiological conditions resulting in inadequate ________ to the brain can cause delirium.

a)

oxygenation

b)

hydration

c)

digestion

d)

innervation

40.

Once the cause of the delirium is identified, ________ is possible.

a)

treatment

b)

confusion

c)

worsening

d)

diagnosis

41.

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for delirium?

a)

Identifying the cause

b)

Ignoring symptoms

c)

Increasing stress

d)

Reducing hydration

42.

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for delirium?

a)

Education of nursing staff about the signs and symptoms of delirium

b)

Ignoring patient symptoms

c)

Restricting communication

d)

Withholding medication

43.

Fill in the blank: One nursing intervention for delirium is ________ and communication, mobilization.

a)

orientation

b)

sedation

c)

isolation

d)

restraint

44.

Which of the following is an environmental intervention for delirium?

a)

Environmental modifications

b)

Increasing medication

c)

Ignoring caregivers

d)

Restricting mobility

45.

Fill in the blank: Education of ________ is an important nursing intervention for delirium.

a)

caregivers

b)

patients

c)

doctors

d)

pharmacists

46.

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for delirium?

a)

Pain control

b)

Ignoring pain

c)

Increasing pain

d)

Restricting pain management

47.

Fill in the blank: Management of ________ is a nursing intervention for delirium.

a)

elimination

b)

mobility

c)

hydration

d)

nutrition

48.

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for delirium?

a)

Medication management

b)

Withholding medication

c)

Ignoring medication

d)

Increasing medication without monitoring

49.

Fill in the blank: ________ planning is an important nursing intervention for delirium.

a)

Discharge

b)

Meal

c)

Exercise

d)

Financial

50.

According to the nursing interventions for reality orientation, what should you do to address patients by their preferred name? Fill in the blank: Call patients by their correct names or by the name they ______ to be called.

a)

wish

b)

forget

c)

refuse

d)

ignore

51.

According to the nursing interventions for reality orientation, what type of contact should you make with patients? Make ______ contact.

a)

eye

b)

hand

c)

verbal

d)

physical

52.

According to the nursing interventions for reality orientation, what type of subjects should you converse about with patients? Fill in the blank: Converse about ______ subjects.

a)

familiar

b)

controversial

c)

complex

d)

unrelated

53.

According to the nursing interventions for reality orientation, what should you provide in the older adult's environment? Fill in the blank: Provide ______ objects in the older adult's environment.

a)

familiar

b)

expensive

c)

fragile

d)

unusual

54.

According to the nursing interventions for reality orientation, how should you explain events and procedures? Fill in the blank: Explain events and procedures in ______, simple language.

a)

concise

b)

elaborate

c)

ambiguous

d)

complex

55.

According to the nursing interventions for reality orientation, what personal quality should you maintain when interacting with patients? Be ______.

a)

honest

b)

distant

c)

sarcastic

d)

impatient

56.

According to the nursing interventions for reality orientation, what should you set and be consistent with? Fill in the blank: Set a ______ and be consistent.

a)

routine

b)

goal

c)

schedule

d)

plan

57.

According to the nursing interventions for reality orientation, what type of activities should you engage the older adult in? Fill in the blank: Engage the older adult in familiar and simple activities that have a ______, such as washing the face or brushing the teeth.

a)

purpose

b)

color

c)

sound

d)

location

58.

What is the progressive impairment of intellectual (cognitive) function called?

a)

Dementia

b)

Epilepsy

c)

Migraine

d)

Neuralgia

59.

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of dementia?

a)

A) Aphasia

b)

B) Agnosia

c)

C) Apraxia

d)

D) Hypertension

60.

Aphasia is the inability to:

a)

Recognize familiar objects

b)

Manipulate things

c)

Understand words

d)

Write and draw

61.

Agnosia is the inability to recognize familiar objects.

a)

True

b)

False

62.

Apraxia refers to problems with manipulating things.

a)

True

b)

False

63.

Agraphia is the difficulty in ________ and ________, which are symptoms of dementia.

a)

writing; drawing

b)

reading; speaking

c)

hearing; seeing

d)

walking; eating

64.

Dementia is characterized by loss of memory and at least one other disturbance of intellectual function. Which of the following are examples of such disturbances?

a)

Impaired judgment and language disturbance

b)

Increased appetite and improved vision

c)

Enhanced physical strength and faster reflexes

d)

Improved memory and concentration

65.

What is the most common cause of dementia?

a)

Parkinson's disease

b)

Alzheimer's disease

c)

Huntington's disease

d)

Multiple sclerosis

66.

Dementia of the Alzheimer's type is a ______ disorder in which the brain atrophies.

a)

progressive

b)

static

c)

reversible

d)

infectious

67.

At what age does Alzheimer's disease usually arise?

a)

Older than 40 years

b)

Older than 50 years

c)

Older than 60 years

d)

Older than 70 years

68.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Alzheimer's disease?

a)

Loss of cortical neurons

b)

Enlarged ventricles

c)

Increased muscle mass

d)

Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles

69.

Experts divide the progression of Alzheimer's disease into how many stages?

a)

Two

b)

Three

c)

Four

d)

Five

70.

The early stage of Alzheimer's disease consists of a gradual onset of memory loss and difficulty focusing attention.

a)

True

b)

False

71.

The middle stage of Alzheimer's disease involves difficulty with language, object recognition, and _______.

a)

judgment

b)

hearing

c)

appetite

d)

vision

72.

The terminal (final) stage of Alzheimer's disease is characterized by which of the following?

a)

Improved memory

b)

Inability to communicate

c)

Increased mobility

d)

Enhanced self-care

73.

What is the second most common cause of dementia in older adults?

a)

Alzheimer's disease

b)

Multiinfarct dementia (MID), vascular dementia

c)

Parkinson's disease

d)

Huntington's disease

74.

Multiinfarct dementia (MID) results from the interruption of _______ to the brain.

a)

blood flow

b)

nerve signals

c)

oxygen absorption

d)

hormone secretion

75.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for the development of multiinfarct dementia (MID)?

a)

Arteriosclerosis

b)

Hypertension

c)

Peripheral vascular disease

d)

Asthma

76.

The usual progression of multiinfarct dementia (MID) follows a slow, steady decline similar to Alzheimer's disease.

a)

True

b)

False

77.

Periods of remission in multiinfarct dementia (MID) are characterized by:

a)

Absence of symptoms

b)

Rapid personality changes

c)

Constant mood swings

d)

Severe memory loss

78.

Fill in the blank: Vasospasms in the brain called _______ are a risk factor for MID.

a)

transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)

b)

cerebral aneurysms

c)

subdural hematomas

d)

meningiomas

79.

Which disease is characterized by uncontrollable writhing movements and mental deterioration that terminates in severe dementia?

a)

Huntington's disease

b)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

c)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

d)

Parkinson's disease

80.

Which dementia-related disease is rare, rapidly progressive, and associated with viral etiology, although isolation of a specific virus has not occurred?

a)

Huntington's disease

b)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

c)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

d)

Alzheimer's disease

81.

Which disease is characterized by forgetfulness, slowness, poor concentration, and difficulties in problem solving, and is rapidly progressive?

a)

Huntington's disease

b)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

c)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

d)

Multiple sclerosis

82.

What is the typical onset of Delirium?

a)

Sudden

b)

Insidious, relentless

c)

Sudden or insidious

83.

What is the duration of Dementia?

a)

Hours to days

b)

Persistent

c)

For longer than 2 weeks

84.

During what time of day does Depression typically affect individuals?

a)

Increases and decreases during the day

b)

Stable or no change

c)

Throughout the greater part of the day

85.

Fill in the blank: Delirium is characterized by impairment of memory, attentiveness, consciousness, and numerous errors in ______ tasks.

a)

assessment

b)

motor

c)

visual

d)

verbal

86.

Which condition is associated with insomnia or excessive sleeping, fatigue, restlessness, anxiety, and increased or decreased appetite?

a)

Delirium

b)

Dementia

c)

Depression

87.

Which condition is characterized by rambling and irrelevant conversation, illogical flow of ideas, and incoherent speech?

a)

Delirium

b)

Dementia

c)

Depression

88.

Which condition is described as having slower speech?

a)

Delirium

b)

Dementia

c)

Depression

89.

Fill in the blank: The mood and affect in dementia is described as ________, apathetic, uninterested.

a)

depressed

b)

elated

c)

anxious

d)

euphoric

90.

Which condition is associated with rapid mood swings, fearfulness, and suspiciousness?

a)

Delirium

b)

Dementia

c)

Depression

91.

Fill in the blank: The reversibility of dementia is described as ______; progressive.

a)

No

b)

Yes

c)

Sometimes

d)

Rarely

92.

Which condition can be treated according to the table?

a)

Delirium

b)

Dementia

c)

Depression

93.

Delirium has the potential for reversibility.

a)

True

b)

False

94.

What is the onset of Delirium?

a)

Insidious - months to years

b)

Rapid - hours to days

c)

Progressive

d)

Irreversible - months to years

95.

What is the onset of Dementia?

a)

Insidious - months to years

b)

Rapid - hours to days

c)

Fluctuating

d)

Reversible - days to weeks

96.

Which of the following best describes the course of Delirium?

a)

A) Progressive

b)

B) Fluctuating ("sundowning")

c)

C) Irreversible

d)

D) Often normal

97.

Which of the following best describes the course of Dementia?

a)

Fluctuating

b)

Progressive

c)

Reversible

d)

Hyperactive

98.

Is Delirium reversible or irreversible?

a)

Reversible - days to weeks

b)

Irreversible - months to years

c)

Irreversible - permanent

d)

Reversible - hours only

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