Font size
WorksheetsUnit 4 Review (Ocean Chemistry and Movement)
Total questions: 134
Worksheet time: 2hrs 20mins
The total amount of dissolved salts in a sample of water is the (a) of that sample.
The substance known as table salt, ______ ________, is the salt present in the greatest amount in ocean water.
(a)
Describe cohesion.
Water molecules are attracted to other substances.
Water molecules climb upwards against the force of gravity.
Water molecules dissolve many substances because of its polarity.
Water molecules are attracted to other water molecules.
Which end of the water molecule has a slightly positive charge?
The oxygen end
The hydrogen end
Both ends are slightly positive
Neither end is positive
What are the attractions between water molecules called?
Covalent bonds
Ionic bonds
Polar bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Which molecule has opposite electric charges at opposite ends?
Cohesion
Polar molecule
Hydrogen bond
Solution
During a science experiment, Mason poured water on a plastic surface and observed that the water spread out and stuck to the surface. Arjun, who was watching, asked, 'What does this phenomenon represent?' What would be the correct response from Olivia?
The ability of water to stick to itself
The ability of water to stick to other substances
The combined strength of cohesion of all water molecules
Tape, glue, and other adhesives
Evelyn conducted a science experiment in her school lab. She measured the pH of a solution and found it to be 3.6. This solution would be...
Acidic
Basic
Neutral
Both acidic and basic
Bleach is a strong base. What is the pH level of bleach?
13
9
1
6
Select two reasons why salinity can increase.
Evaporation occurs, causing water to change into water vapor and leaving salt behind.
Freshwater is added to the ocean at the mouths of large rivers.
Freshwater is added by rain, snow, and melting ice.
Surface water freezes into ice, leaving salt behind.
Select two reasons as to why salinity can decrease.
Evaporation occurs because water changes into water vapor, leaving salt behind.
Freshwater is added to the ocean at the mouths of large rivers.
Freshwater is added by rain, snow, and melting ice.
Surface water freezes into ice, leaving salt behind.
How does salt affect ocean water?
It lowers the freezing point.
It raises the freezing point.
It increases the density, giving ocean water greater buoyancy.
It decreases the density, giving ocean water lower buoyancy.
What two factors increase as you go deeper into the ocean?
Density
Amount of light
Pressure
Bubbles
Increased carbon dioxide in the oceans causes...
Animals to overproduce shells
Sea creatures to release too much oxygen
A decrease in shell production for sea creatures
What do marine organisms use to make their shells, in addition to calcium?
Chloride
Carbonate
Nothing else
Chlorine
Which factor does not affect the salinity of ocean water?
precipitation
dissolved gases
temperature
evaporation
How is the density of ocean water calculated?
volume/mass
salinity/volume
mass/volume
salinity/mass
What term is the measure of dissolved salts in water?
Thermocline
Salinity
Saltiness
Tides
What is the most abundant salt in seawater?
Magnesium Chloride
Calcium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
Sodium Chloride
Which of the following would have the lowest salinity?
Middle of the Ocean
Mouth of a river
Dead Sea
Bottom of a trench
Density of seawater is affected by these two factors:
clarity and color
hydrogen ions and dissolved oxygen
transparency and turbidity
temperature and salinity
What color of light is absorbed closest to the ocean surface? (not able to be seen below 10 meters)
Blue
Red
Green
Yellow
Ocean acidification occurs when too much _______________________________ enters the ocean from the atmosphere.
calcium carbonate
carbon dioxide
sulfur dioxide
nitrogen gas
Nemo and other ocean dwelling fish cannot survive in freshwater because......
freshwater is hypertonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water leaving them causing the cells to shrink
freshwater is hypotonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water leaving them causing the cells to shrink
freshwater is hypertonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water entering them causing the cells to swell and burst
freshwater is hypotonic to Nemo's cells and will result in water enter them causing the cells to swell and burst
What is heat capacity?
The amount of heat energy that is required to transform a liquid substance into a gas or vapor
The amount of heat energy that is required to transform a solid substance into a liquid
The amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius
The amount of cold needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit
What is the formation of a "film" on the upper surface of water caused by cohesion that allows water striders to walk on water?
Surface tension
Adhesion
Capillary action
Cohesion
Bonds that hold a water molecule together are called ____________.
Covalent Bonds
Ionic Bonds
Hydrogen Bonds
Water Bonds
Why does ice float?
As water freezes, the molecules move farther apart (expands) and the density decreases.
As water freezes, the hydrogen bonds mix with air and create buoyancy.
As water freezes, the bonds break, making it float.
As water freezes, the molecules move closer together, causing the density to increase.
What makes water a universal solvent?
It is a polar molecule that can form hydrogen bonds, allowing it to dissolve many substances.
It is a nonpolar molecule that can form hydrogen bonds, allowing it to dissolve many substances.
It is a polar molecule with a low specific heat, allowing it to dissolve many substances.
It is a nonpolar molecule with a low specific heat, allowing it to dissolve many substances.
What is the "water column"?
A measure of ocean salinity
The vertical section of ocean water from surface to floor
A unit of pressure measurement
A type of underwater plant life
Why is there more dissolved oxygen in polar waters than in tropical waters?
Cold water holds more oxygen than warm water.
More algae grow in polar regions.
The ocean surface absorbs less sunlight near the poles.
Evaporation is higher in polar regions.
Which gases are necessary for marine life and are found in ocean water?
Nitrogen and helium
Oxygen and carbon dioxide
Hydrogen and argon
Methane and ozone
Where is oxygen most plentiful in the ocean?
Near the ocean floor
Near the surface
In deep-sea trenches
In warm tropical waters
What happens to the temperature of ocean water as you move away from the equator?
It remains constant
It becomes warmer
It becomes colder
It fluctuates randomly
In aquatic ecosystems, phytoplankton and other photosynthetic organisms appear in the upper layers of the water,but not deeper layers. Which statement explains this distribution?
The deeper layers are too cold for photosynthesis to occur.
The deeper layers have too little oxygen for photosynthetic organisms to survive.
The deeper layers have too much carbon dioxide for photosynthetic organisms to survive.
The deeper layers do not receive sunlight which is necessary for photosynthesis to occur.
What is typical salinity of open ocean waters?
15 ppm
25 ppm
35 ppm
45 ppm
The two primary sources for salt being added to the ocean.
Chemical Weathering and volcanic eruptions
Earthquakes and landslides
Fish overpopulation and precipitation
Melting sea ice and condensation
Which of the following is a mature wave of one wavelength, and is characterized by evenly spaced waves with smoothly rounded crests and troughs?
surge
swell
interference
What are factors that produce LARGER swell waves?
wind speed or duration
steeper continental slope
fetch
all of these
Which one of these is NOT a cause of a tsunami?
wind
landslide
earthquake
volcanic eruption
As energy passes through the water in a wave, how do the water molecules move?
against the currents
in the direction of the waves
in a small orbital motion
In wave production, what interaction between the water and air causes the water to move?
gravity
friction
density
ionic
If other factors were the same, which beach would have the highest waves?
A beach with a steep continental slope
A beach with a shallower, less steep continental slope
The sea floor has no impact on wave height
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency?
There is no direct relationship.
Waves with a higher frequency have a shorter wavelength.
Waves with a higher frequency have a longer wavelength.
On this wave diagram, what is A?
amplitude
crest
trough
wavelength
On this wave diagram, what is C?
amplitude
crest
trough
wavelength
On this wave diagram, what is D?
amplitude
crest
trough
wavelength
The current that flows away from the shoreline and towards the ocean is a...
longshore drift
angled current
rip current
storm surge
Which breaker type is the most exciting to go surfing?
Surging
Spilling
plunging
In the northern hemisphere, gyres rotate ____________, while in the southern hemisphere, gyres rotate ____________.
Clockwise; Counterclockwise
Counterclockwise; Clockwise
South; North
North; South
What is the relationship between wind and ocean waves?
Wind moving at higher speeds will transfer more energy to the water, resulting in stronger waves.
Wind moving at higher speeds will transfer energy over a larger part of the ocean water, resulting in waves with a shorter wavelength.
Winds moving at higher speeds with cause water to move forward at faster rates, causing larger ocean waves.
Winds moving at higher speeds will affect deeper water, resulting in waves that move at a faster rate.
Which statement best describes beaches?
Beaches are always changing due to factors such as waves adding and eroding sand.
Beaches change little over time as waves follow the same patterns year after year.
Beaches change over time as waves move further up the shore.
Beaches change little over time as wind patterns stay the same.
Sarah can float more easily in ocean water than in water in a swimming pool. Why is it easier for her to float in ocean water?
ocean water is denser
ocean water is deeper
there is a larger volume of ocean water to float in
she has a smaller mass in ocean water
Amplitude is:
twice the wave height
1/2 the wavelength
twice the wavelength
1/2 the wave height
The amount of time it takes one wave to pass a fixed point.
wave period
wave frequency
The number of waves that pass a fixed point in a given amount of time.
wave period
wave frequency
Wave size is affected by the amount of open water, or the _______, that winds blow over.
Amplitude
Fetch
Wave height
Trough
The most common generating force of waves is _________ and the most common restoring force is ________.
Surface tension; gravity
earthquakes; surface tension
Wind; gravity
The only two things that are restoring forces (causes water to return to its calm state) is...
Surface tension & gravity
Surface tension & wind
Gravity & wind
none of the above
The circular motion of water particles as energy moves through the water:
tropical cyclone
tsunami
orbital motion
waterspout
Wavelength = 20 meters
Period = 4 seconds
Speed = ___
5 m/s
80 m/s
10 m/s
2.5 m/s
Speed = 9 m/s
Period = 3/s
Wavelength =
27 m
3 m
12 m
6 m
Which type of wave has the smallest wavelength?
Capilary
Tide
Chop
Swell
At what point does a wave crash onto the shore?
When it is in water depths of 1/20 the wavelength
When it is in water depths of 1/2 the wavelength
When the wave is at a depth of 3/4 its wave hight
When the water depth is twice the wavelength
As a wave approaches the shore, its wave height
increases
decreases
remains the same
As a wave approaches the shore, its wavelength
increases
decreases
remains the same
One of the most important factors controlling how a wave breaks is...
how fast the wind is blowing.
the shape of the ocean floor.
the number of people in the water.
the size of the wave.
One reason breaking waves in places like Hawaii and California are more dramatic and better for surfing is...
The wind is stronger in Hawaii and California, keeping the waves from breaking dramatically.
The ocean floor and shoreline in Hawaii and California is much steeper, causing waves to not get as tall.
The ocean floor in California and Hawaii is much steeper, causing waves to get taller and break more dramatically.
There are too many tourists in Hawaii and California, so people do not like to surf here.
The gravitational pull that the moon exerts on Earth is
greater on solids than liquids
the main cause of high and low tides
responsible for longshore currents
responsible for tsunamis
Which type of tides have a larger tidal range due to the Earth, Moon, and Sun forming a line?
High/Low
Spring
Neap
Which type of ocean movement distributes heat throughout the oceans?
Current
Wave
Tide
The movement of deep, cold, nutrient filled water to the surface of the ocean is..
Ocean Current
Upwelling
Deep Currents
Surface Currents
What affects the density of water?
Salt
Temperature
The seasons of the year
Both A and B
Why is upwelling important?
Upwelling regulates ocean temperature
Upwelling provides nutrient rich water that sustains life
Upwelling controls the tides
Upwelling helps sailors to navigate the seas
What are a circular system of currents in the Earth's major oceans?
ocean current
gyre
upwelling
conveyor belt
Warm ocean currents generally come from
The North Pole
The South Pole
The Equator
Both A and B
High and low tides are caused by:
the Moon's gravitational pull
periodic powerful tsunami waves
water sloshing around due do Earth's elliptical orbit
powerful thunderstorm winds
Which response best explains changing tides on Earth:
The Moon circles the Earth and creates a bulge as it sweeps around. The bulge is high tide.
The Earth rotates and different regions are pulled into the bulge created by the Moon's gravitational pull.
The periodic earthquakes from the mid-ocean ridge send micro-tsunami twice per day to coastlines around the world.
Powerful thunderstorms form twice a day in the middle of the oceans, these send powerful waves to coastlines.
Determine the tide that each region would be experiencing:
High tide
Low tide
Determine the tide that each region would be experiencing:
High tide
Low tide
____________ is what you call an area with ONE HIGH and ONE LOW tide each day.
Diurnal Tide
Semi Diurnal Tide
Mixed Tide
Rip Tide
What is the only true "tidal Wave"?
Hint: In many places on Earth, people surf them!
Tidal Bore
Tsunami
Rogue Wave
Spring Tide
If the moon were to move CLOSER to Earth, which of the following would be true?
High tides would get higher
Low tides would get higher
There would be no change to the tides
High tide and Low tide would have litte difference in size.
Why are ocean currents important to global climate?
ocean currents circulate warm water from the poles to the equators
ocean currents circulate warm water from equators to the poles
ocean currents cause the prevailing winds
ocean currents make water warmer at the equator
Which of the following best explains convection?
cold, dense water rises, hot, more dense water sinks
cold, less dense water rises, hot dense water sinks
cold, less dense water sinks, hot dense water rises
cold, dense water sinks, hot, less dense water rises.
Differences in water temperature create movement in the Ocean because
bodies of water at different temperature have different densities.
warm water is pulled more by the force of gravity then cold water is.
warm and cold water mix until they reach the same temperature.
The ocean just likes to "move-it move-it".
The curving of moving objects from a straight path due to the Earth's rotation is called
a continental deflection
a low pressure system bringing in snow
a rotational deflection
Coriolis Effect
Which way does the Coriolis Effect cause currents to deflect in the Northern Hemisphere?
right
left
up
down
Which current makes Virginia's climate warm and humid?
Cali Current
Deep Ocean Current
Gulf Stream
Coriolis
_________ food chains support larger ocean animals because _________ water has more nutrients.
Antarctic/warmer
Antarctic/colder
Equatorial/colder
Equatorial/warmer
As plants and animals in the ocean die, the nutrients produced from their decay _____.
are recycled by the Global Conveyor Belt
sink to the bottom
are destroyed by sunlight
become coral reefs
Nutrients are brought to the surface for phytoplankton to use at _______.
gyres
eddies
upwellings
the equator
The more scientific name of the Global Conveyor Belt is _____.
halinethermal circulation
thermohaline circulation
thermodensity circulation
________ and _______ affect the ocean's density and cause the Global Conveyor Belt to travel
gravity and the Coriolis Effect
temperature and salinity
wind and climate
temperature and the Coriolis Effect
Deeper water moves more slowly, and each layer deflects to the right or left due to the Coriolis effect. When observing the effect of wind on the water column, the deeper layers move in slightly different directions. This phenomenon is called:
Ekman spiral
gyres
thermohaline circulation
downwelling
Ekman transport can cause wind moving along the coastline to push water out to sea (away from the coast). This results in:
downwelling
upwelling
equatorial upwelling
circumpolar currents
Thermohaline circulation is directly influenced (powered) by:
density of the water
wind direction
gravity of the sun and moon
movement of tectonic plates
If winds are moving water towards the coastline, this will lead to:
upwelling
downwelling
equatorial upwelling
circumpolar currents
Where is the largest ocean gyre?
Northern Pacific
Northern Atlantic
Southern Ocean
Indian Ocean
The red arrows indicate ___
Eastern boundary currents
Western boundary currents
Thermohaline circulation
Trade winds
A recurring climate pattern across the tropical Pacific ocean that affects ocean currents and weather.
El Niño
La Niña
El Guapo
La Chalupa
Strong El Niños typically create _________winters in Minnesota.
longer
colder
warmer
darker
Ocean currents regulate ____________, helping to counteract the uneven distribution of solar radiation reaching Earth's surface by circulating the water.
tide lengths
global climate
earth's rotation
clouds
The word "thermohaline" combines which two factors?
Thermo=Temperature and haline=depth
Thermo=Tide and haline=heat
Thermo=Temperature and haline=salt
How long does it take for one complete cycle of the Global Conveyor Belt?
100 years
500 years
1000 years
What happens to ocean water as it approaches the equator?
It becomes colder
It becomes denser
It becomes warmer and less dense
What is a major threat to the Global Conveyor Belt?
Ocean warming due to climate change
Underwater volcanoes
Fishing activities
Near Antarctica, what happens to the ocean water in the Global Conveyor Belt?
It evaporates completely
It splits into two sections
It stays in one stream
Which ocean is NOT part of the Global Conveyor Belt system?
Arctic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Indian Ocean
Atlantic Ocean
