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Biology- Cells Unit 2 SB1. Study Review

Total questions: 134

Worksheet time: 5hrs 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Name the structure labeled "A" in the diagram.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Nucleolus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Golgi Body

2.

This organelle provides communication between the nucleus and cytoplasm, it packages and moves materials, such as proteins and lipids around the cell. Choose the letter that labels this organelle on the diagram.

a)

D

b)

E

c)

F

d)

G

e)

H

3.

Name the structure labeled "F" in the diagram.

a)

Vacuole

b)

Nucleus

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Cell Wall

4.

This structure allows certain materials into or out of the cell.

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Golgi Body

c)

DNA

d)

Cell Membrane

5.

Contains the cell’s DNA and controls all cell activities

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Golgi Body

d)

Chromosome

6.

Name the structure labeled "I" in the diagram.

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Lysosome

c)

DNA

d)

Vacuole

7.

Jelly-like liquid that helps provide support for the organelles

a)

Genetic Material

b)

Digestive Enzymes

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Cell Membrane

8.

This organelle packages products from the ER to be moved out of the cell. Choose the letter that labels this organelle on the diagram.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

9.

Name the structure labeled "G" in the diagram.

a)

Cell Membrane

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Pellicle Membrane

d)

Micronucleus

10.

Cell organelle where photosynthesis takes place. Choose the letter from the diagram that labels this structure.

a)

J

b)

K

c)

L

d)

M

e)

N

11.

This organelle contains enzymes that break down food and protect against foreign invaders.

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Golgi Body

c)

White Blood Cells

d)

Lysosomes

12.

Name the structure labeled "A" in the diagram.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Nucleolus

c)

Vacuole

d)

Cytoplasm

13.

This organelle breaks down food to release energy;

it is considered the powerhouse of the cell. Choose the letter from the diagram that labels this structure.

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

14.

These structures labeled "G" in the diagram produce the proteins needed for survival.

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

15.

The structure that produces ribosomes in the cell.

a)

Nucleus

b)

DNA

c)

Nucleolus

d)

Mitochondria

16.

This structure provides additional support and protection to plant cells.

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Pellicle Membrane

17.

This organelle stores extra material such as food, water & waste. It is much larger in a plant cell than animal cell.

a)

Lysosome

b)

Mitochondra

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Vacuole

18.

Name the structure labeled "F" in the diagram.

a)

Cell Membrane

b)

Cell Wall

c)

Nucleus

d)

Nuclear Membrane

19.

Choose the 4 structures that ALL cells have.

a)

DNA

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Cytoplasm

e)

Ribosomes

20.

Which structures can be found in plant cells but not in animal cells? Choose all that apply.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Chloroplasts

d)

Lysosomes

e)

Cell Wall

21.
Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
22.
Which of the following contains the genetic code for protein synthesis?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
23.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
a)
amino acid
b)
fatty acid
c)
nucleotide
d)
lipid
24.
What are the single sugars that are the building blocks of carbohydrates?
a)
monosaccharides
b)
disaccharides
c)
polysaccharides
d)
amino acid
25.
Why are lipids insoluble in water?  
a)
lipids are polar
b)
lipids are non-polar
c)
lipids have a negative charge
d)
lipids are building blocks of protiens
26.
Which of the four major biological macromolecules can be easily identified by the nitrogen base and phosphate found in its structure?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
27.
Proteins are made of monomers called ___________
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Glycerol and fatty acids
28.
The element _______is found in all of the organic compounds.
a)
Iron
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Carbon
d)
Oxygen
29.
DNA and RNA are examples of 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
30.
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
31.
Glycerol and fatty acids are the monomers of
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
32.
The organic compounds that have many structural purposes and are used in many processes within the
cell are called ____________________.
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic Acids
33.
Which of the following decreases the activation energy necessary to initiate the chemical change within the body?
a)
nucleotides
b)
enzymes
c)
amino acids
d)
fatty acids
34.
Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?
a)
lipids
b)
proteins
c)
carbohydrates
d)
nucleic acids
35.

Enzymes are an example of

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

36.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
37.
The cell below is in a _____________ solution.
a)
Hypertonic
b)
Hypotonic
c)
Isotonic
38.
Against the concentration gradient
low to high
uses energy/ATP
a)
facilitated diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
active transport
d)
simple diffusion
39.
This picture represents what type of cell transport?
a)
endocytosis
b)
exocytosis
c)
osmosis
d)
passive transport
40.
This picture represents which type of cellular transport?
a)
passive transport
b)
endocytosis
c)
exocytosis
d)
osmosis
41.
Endocytosis
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
42.
Uses ATP (energy)
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
43.
What is it called when molecules move across the cell membrane from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration through a carrier protein?
a)
Diffusion
b)
Osmosis
c)
Active Transport
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
44.
A cell in an isotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
45.
The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another is called 
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
concentration gradient
d)
passive transport
46.
What is diffusion?
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
cell division
d)
cell mutation
47.
The movement of molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration is
a)
passive transport
b)
cell cycle
c)
active transport
d)
crossing over
48.
Active transport requires
a)
energy
b)
the nucleus
c)
chloroplasts
d)
lysosomes
49.
If there is too much salt in your cells...
a)
you need more water
b)
you need to lose water
50.
Solutes move against the concentration gradient, therefore energy is needed
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
51.
Low to High Concentration
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
52.
The diffusion of WATER across a semi-permeable membrane is
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
endocytosis
d)
exocytosis
53.
Spraying cologne in a corner of the room and someone on the opposite corner smells it is an example of what?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Facilitated diffusion
c)
Active transport
d)
Diffusion 
54.
A cell in a hypotonic solution will
a)
swell
b)
shrink 
c)
stay the same size
d)
impossible to tell
55.
How does a cell maintain homeostasis?
a)
Regulates what enters and leaves the cell
b)
Flexibility
c)
Protective barrier
d)
Structure and support
56.
Another term for equilibrium is...
a)
Not enough
b)
Too little
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Too much
57.
Where is there a low concentration of dye?
a)
at the bottom of the cup
b)
in the color
c)
at the top of the cup 
d)
no concentration gradient
58.
Permeable means
a)
things can pass through
b)
the concentration levels are different
c)
it is permanent
d)
things are stuck
59.
Which term means "water-fearing"?
a)
Adhesion
b)
Polar
c)
Hydrophilic
d)
Hydrophobic
60.
What property of the phospholipid bilayer causes it to orient itself the way it does?
a)
Active and passive transport
b)
Osmosis and diffusion
c)
Cell signaling and communication
d)
Hydrophilia and Hydrophobia 
61.
Your gums are swollen. How will rinsing with warm salt water help the swelling?
a)
swollen gums will absorb the salt
b)
salt lowers the temp
c)
salt goes against the concentration gradient
d)
water in the gums will diffuse out of the cells
62.

Which of the following best describes photosynthesis?

a)

Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into chemical energy.

b)

Photosynthesis produces carbohydrates.

c)

Plants need sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, nutrients, and chlorophyll to complete photosynthesis.

d)

Plants use chlorophyll, water, and carbon dioxide to make sugar.

63.
The H+ concentration gradient is used to 
a)
make NADPH
b)
split a water molecule
c)
generate ATP
d)
form water
64.

What is represented by "E" in this image?

a)

ATP

b)

NADPH

c)

Light Energy

d)

Glucose

65.

Two (2) energy rich molecules created by Light Dependent Reactions of Photosynthesis are:

a)

ATP and ADP

b)

ATP and NADPH

c)

ADP and FADH

d)

ADP and NADP

66.

Oxygen is...

a)

needed for photosynthesis to occur.

b)

a product of cellular respiration.

c)

a product of photosynthesis.

d)

deadly to humans.

67.

Carbon dioxide is fixed in the _______that occurs in the _________.

a)

light dependent; thylakoid

b)

light dependent; stroma

c)

light independent; thylakoid

d)

light independent; stroma

68.
Plants need carbon dioxide from their environment to produce glucose during which stage of photosynthesis? 
a)
The light-dependent stage
b)
The light-independent stage (The Calvin Cycle)
c)
The electron transport chain
d)
ATP formation
69.
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?
a)
ATP
b)
NADPH
c)
Oxygen
d)
Glucose
70.
Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a)
absorbs green light.
b)
absorbs violet light.
c)
reflects green light.
d)
does not absorb violet light.
71.

The stacks of flattened sacs in the picture are called

a)

chlorophyll.

b)

grana.

c)

stroma.

d)

thylakoids.

72.
What is the name of a pigment-containing complex found in a thylakoid?
a)
chlorophyll a
b)
photosystem
c)
grana
d)
stroma
73.
When carbon first enters the Calvin cycle, what molecule does it combine with? 
a)
PGA
b)
G3P
c)
RuBP
d)
ATP
74.
What does ATP synthase do?
a)
Create ATP in chemiosmosis.
b)
Break down ATP in chemiosmosis.
c)
Break down NADPH. 
d)
Create NADPH.
75.
Where is chlorophyll found in the chloroplast?
a)
in the stroma
b)
within photosystems
c)
in the ATP synthase
d)
in the electron carrier molecule
76.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO+ light + H2O --> O+ glucose
b)
CO+ glucose + H2O --> O+ light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO+ glucose
d)
CO+ O2 + H2O --> Light+ glucose
77.
What supplies the electrons that are lost in PS I?
a)
the electrons from PS II
b)
water
c)
glucose
d)
oxygen
78.
What is the function of NADP+?
a)
It absorbs light
b)
It is an electron carrier
c)
It is a light-reflecting pigment
d)
It acts as long-term energy storage
79.
What is the purpose of splitting water in PS2 of the light dependent reaction?
a)
Provides e- for PS2 and H+ for the thylakoid space
b)
To produce Oxygen for animals
c)
There is no purpose
80.
It is important to create a concentration of H+  in the thylakoid space so that the H+ can diffuse through_________ to create ______.
a)
ATP synthase, ATP
b)
NADH, NADPH
c)
proton pump, protons
81.
Which gas is removed from the atmosphere during photosynthesis?
a)
hydrogen
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon dioxide
82.
What is the purpose of cell respiration?
a)
produce glucose
b)
make oxygen
c)
remove carbon dioxide 
d)
produce usable energy - ATP
83.
What are the products of cellular respiration?
a)
Energy (ATP), Water, and Carbon DIoxide.
b)
Water and Oxygen
c)
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
d)
Water and Energy (ATP)
84.
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in your muscles after a workout because your cells are struggling to get...
a)
Glucose
b)
Sunlight
c)
Oxygen
d)
Water
85.
How is energy released from ATP?
a)
adding a phosphate
b)
making a new bond
c)
removing the 3rd phosphate
d)
adding a protein
86.
What is the waste energy from respiration given off as?
a)
Heat
b)
Light
c)
Sound
d)
Kinetic
87.
Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?
a)
mitochondria
b)
chloroplast
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
88.
What gas is needed for respiration?
a)
Carbon dioxide
b)
nitrogen
c)
Oxygen
d)
hydrogen
89.
The first step in the break down of glucose is
a)
light reactions
b)
glycolysis
c)
Kreb's cycle
d)
Calvin Cycle
90.
What are the three stages that make up cellular respiration?
a)
light reactions, calvin cycle and electron transport
b)
glycolysis, kreb's cycle and Calvin cycle
c)
Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and electron transport
d)
Light Reactions, Calvin Cycle and Glycolysis
91.
Using the figure, which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
all of the above
92.
Which structures shown in the Figure make up the ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
A, B and C
c)
A, B, C, and D
d)
C and D
93.
Which of the following is not a requirement for glycolysis?
a)
Oxygen
b)
ATP
c)
NAD+
d)
Glucose
94.
What enzyme in the ETC is responsible for generating the ATP molecules?
a)
acetyl-CoA
b)
ATP synthase
c)
hexokinase
d)
none of the above
95.
After strenuous exercise, a muscle cell would contain decreased amounts of ______ and increased amounts of ______ ____
a)
glucose, ATP
b)
ATP, glucose
c)
oxygen, lactic acid
d)
lactic acid, ATP
96.
Is ADP or ATP more like a fully charged battery, and why?
a)
ADP, because it has three phosphate groups; breaking and reforming the bonds among them releases energy.
b)
ATP, because it has three phosphate groups; breaking and reforming the bonds among them releases energy.
c)
ADP, because it has two phosphate groups; breaking and reforming the bonds among them releases energy.
d)
ATP, because it has two phosphate groups; breaking and reforming the bonds among them releases energy.
97.

What is the primary purpose of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

a)

To produce gametes

b)

To repair and replace damaged cells

c)

To increase genetic diversity

d)

To reduce chromosome number by half

98.

Which of the following statements is true about meiosis?

a)

It results in two identical daughter cells

b)

It occurs in somatic cells

c)

It reduces the chromosome number by half

d)

It is a form of asexual reproduction

99.

Explain why meiosis is important for sexual reproduction.

a)

It ensures genetic diversity through recombination and independent assortment.

b)

It produces identical cells for growth and repair.

c)

It allows organisms to reproduce asexually.

d)

It maintains the same chromosome number in offspring as in parents.

100.

Identify a key difference between mitosis and meiosis.

a)

Mitosis results in four daughter cells, while meiosis results in two.

b)

Mitosis occurs in gametes, while meiosis occurs in somatic cells.

c)

Mitosis produces genetically identical cells, while meiosis produces genetically diverse cells.

d)

Mitosis reduces chromosome number by half, while meiosis maintains the chromosome number.

101.

Describe one characteristic of mitosis that distinguishes it from meiosis.

a)

Mitosis involves two rounds of cell division.

b)

Mitosis results in haploid cells.

c)

Mitosis produces cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

d)

Mitosis includes crossing over during prophase.

102.

What is the significance of crossing over during meiosis?

a)

It ensures that daughter cells are identical to the parent cell.

b)

It increases genetic variation among offspring.

c)

It reduces the chromosome number by half.

d)

It occurs during mitosis.

103.

How does mitosis contribute to the growth of an organism?

a)

By producing gametes

b)

By increasing the number of cells

c)

By reducing the chromosome number

d)

By creating genetic diversity

104.

Explain the role of mitosis in maintaining genetic stability.

a)

It produces genetically diverse cells.

b)

It ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

c)

It reduces the chromosome number by half.

d)

It allows for crossing over and recombination.

105.

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis?

a)

Two diploid cells

b)

Four haploid cells

c)

Two haploid cells

d)

Four diploid cells

106.

Compare the importance of mitosis and meiosis in the life cycle of an organism.

a)

Mitosis is important for sexual reproduction, while meiosis is important for growth and repair.

b)

Mitosis produces genetically diverse cells, while meiosis produces identical cells.

c)

Mitosis is important for growth and repair, while meiosis is important for sexual reproduction.

d)

Mitosis reduces chromosome number, while meiosis maintains chromosome number.

107.

In mitosis, the two resulting cells are

a)

different from the starting cell and identical to each other.

b)

different from the starting cell and different from each other.

c)

identical to the starting cell and different from each other.

d)

identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.

108.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
109.
Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of...
a)
one haploid gamete
b)
three diploid gametes
c)
four diploid body cells
d)
four haploid gametes
110.

If a planaria is chopped into 3 parts, each part will grow into a new organism with identical DNA. Is planaria regeneration sexual or asexual?

a)

sexual

b)

asexual

111.
Is binary fission sexual or asexual?
a)
sexual
b)
asexual
112.
Is budding sexual or asexual?
a)
sexual
b)
asexual
113.
Is fertilization sexual or asexual?
a)
sexual
b)
asexual
114.
What type of asexual reproduction is taking place?
Fishermen work hard to catch and remove all the starfish that get into their favorite shell fishing beds and the “underwater farms” where they raise clams and oysters. In the past, they put the starfish into their boats, cut them up with knives, and then throw the pieces of starfish overboard. They thought this would kill the starfish. What they did not know was that each piece of starfish will grow into a whole new animal.
a)
Regeneration
b)
Vegetative propagation
c)
Budding
d)
Fission
115.
Prokaryotes reproduce asexually via -
a)
spore formation
b)
bud creation
c)
vegetative propagation
d)
binary fission
116.
The New Mexico whiptail lizard can reproduce both sexually and asexually. The most reliable way to determine that a group of offspring of New Mexico whiptail lizards was produced through asexual reproduction would be to look at which of the following characteristics?
a)
Physical appearance
b)
Habitat location
c)
Behavior patterns
d)
Genetic variation
117.
The saguaro is a tree-like cactus that grows over 50 feet tall in desert areas of North America. The cactus flowers in the spring and relies mainly on bats for pollination. The flowers produce fleshy fruit filled with thousands of seeds, each one genetically unique.  What type of reproduction is this?
a)
Asexual
b)
Sexual
118.
The common earthworm has both male and female reproductive parts. To reproduce, two worms come together to exchange sperm. Each worm deposits its own eggs and the donated sperm into a gooey cocoon that it leaves in the soil. Baby worms emerge a few weeks later.  What type of reproduction is this?
a)
Asexual
b)
Sexual
119.
Baker’s yeast is a tiny, single-celled fungus that makes bread dough rise and converts sugars in alcohol. This yeast reproduces by budding. As the small bud grows, it receives a copy of the parent’s nucleus. When the bud pinches off, the new cell is smaller than the parent cell but genetically identical  What type of reproduction is this?
a)
Asexual
b)
Sexual
120.
Salmonella is a bacterium that causes food poisoning. In the small intestine, a single Salmonella cell divides in two, rapidly producing many copies of itself. The microscopic bacteria invade our cells, and our immune system responds. We experience fever, nausea, and diarrhea  What type of reproduction is this?
a)
Asexual
b)
Sexual
121.
 If Homer Simpson cloned himself and all of his clones had his exact same DNA, we could conclude that he:
a)
reproduced sexually
b)
is unicellular
c)
is brilliant
d)
reproduced asexually
122.
When comparing the offspring of sexually and asexually reproducing organisms, we would expect the genetic material (DNA) of the sexually reproducing organism to -
a)
contain fewer mutations
b)
be lesser in quantity
c)
be simpler overall
d)
show more genetic variation
123.

Redwood trees are the tallest and largest trees in the world. Like other conifers, the trees bear male and female cones that rely on the wind for pollination. New trees also sprout from large, shallow roots, generating a circle of trees identical to the parent.

a)

Asexual

b)

Sexual

c)

both sexual and asexual

124.
Red kangaroos can leap as far as 12 feet in the one jump. When it’s mating time, males box each other with their powerful jumping legs. The winning male deposits his sperm in the female where an egg is fertilized. After only 33 days, the underdeveloped young is born. Safely tucked away in the mom’s pouch, it will continue to grow for another seven months.  What type of reproduction is this?
a)
Asexual
b)
Sexual
125.
This animal is a ___________ reproducer.
a)
sexual
b)
asexual
126.
The offspring of asexually reproduced organisms are?
a)
Different than their parents
b)
Identical to parents
c)
Like a combination of both parents
d)
A different species
127.
If two organisms reproduce sexually, then their offspring will exhibit a genetic makeup that is -
a)
identical to only one parent
b)
identical to all of its siblings
c)
a unique combination of traits
d)
the recessive traits of each parent
128.
Which type of offspring comes from two parents?
a)
All offspring
b)
Identical offspring
c)
Asexual reproduction
d)
Diverse offspring
129.
Which best describes the process shown?
a)
mutation in which the DNA content of the gene is altered
b)
segregation of sister chromatids
c)
condensation and segregation of the alleles
d)
crossing-over which alleles are exchanged
130.
Which process and type of resulting cells are represented?
a)
mitosis, gametes
b)
mitosis, body cells
c)
meiosis, gametes
d)
meiosis, body cells
131.
Which process increases the variability of genetic information?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Meiosis
132.
Which cellular process is shown?
a)
meiosis
b)
endocytosis
c)
mitosis
d)
phagocytosis
133.
The salamander male typically deposits a spermatophore on the ground or in the water and the female picks this up.  The female salamander then lays its eggs on a stick or rock near water or on land.   There are several different species of salamanders with different colorful patterns.
Which type of reproduction is taking place?
a)
Asexual reproduction with uniform offspring
b)
Sexual reproduction with diverse offspring
c)
Asexual reproduction with diverse offspring
d)
Sexual reproduction with uniform offspring
134.
Which of the following describes the main advantages of sexual reproduction? 
a)
requires lots of time/energy
b)
no new gene combinations can arise 
c)
ensures genetic diversity
d)
looks identical to the parent