WorksheetsCardiovascular Disorders and Circulatory System Quiz
Total questions: 98
Worksheet time: 51mins
Which of the following is considered a pathologic change affecting cardiac function?
Valvular disorders
Pathologic changes affecting cardiac function
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Cardiogenic shock
What type of blood flow is associated with the right side of the heart?
Oxygenated flow
Deoxygenated flow
Mixed flow
Arterial flow
Which valve does blood pass through after leaving the right atrium?
Mitral valve
Aortic valve
Tricuspid valve
Pulmonic valve
What is the correct order of blood flow starting from the right atrium?
Right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle → pulmonic valve → pulmonary artery
Right atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic valve → aorta
Right atrium → aortic valve → left ventricle → pulmonary artery
Right atrium → pulmonary veins → left atrium → tricuspid valve
Which side of the heart is considered the arterial side?
Right side
Left side
Both sides
Neither side
Where does gas exchange with alveoli occur in the circulatory system?
Pulmonary arterioles
Pulmonary capillaries
Pulmonary veins
Aorta
What is the function of the coronary arteries in the circulatory system?
Carry blood to the lungs
Feed the heart muscle with oxygenated blood
Remove waste from tissues
Transport deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
Which of the following statements best describes "forward flow" in the circulatory system?
Blood moving from veins to arteries
Blood moving from arteries to veins
Blood moving in the normal direction through the heart and vessels
Blood moving backward due to pathology
If a pathology causes a "back-up" of flow in the circulatory system, what is most likely affected?
Forward flow of blood
Oxygenation of blood in the lungs
The structure of the heart valves
The color of the blood
Which vessel returns deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium?
Pulmonary vein
Inferior vena cava
Aorta
Carotid artery
Which of the following best describes the function of veins in the circulatory system?
Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
Veins carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Veins carry oxygenated blood towards the heart.
Veins carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.
What does the term "right heart" refer to in medical vernacular?
Right atrium and right ventricle, including their valves.
Left atrium and left ventricle, including their valves.
Only the right atrium.
Only the right ventricle.
Which chambers of the heart are considered the "receiving" chambers?
Atria (right atrium and left atrium)
Ventricles (right ventricle and left ventricle)
Only the left ventricle
Only the right ventricle
According to the diagram and text, which vessels carry oxygenated blood away from the heart?
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Venules
Why is the pulmonary artery considered an exception to the general rule about arteries and veins?
It carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart.
It carries oxygenated blood towards the heart.
It carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
It carries deoxygenated blood towards the heart.
If a patient has a blockage in the pulmonary artery, which part of the heart is directly affected in its ability to send blood to the lungs?
Right ventricle
Left ventricle
Right atrium
Left atrium
When describing the flow of blood through the heart, which sequence correctly represents the path of deoxygenated blood?
Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs
Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta → Body
Right ventricle → Right atrium → Pulmonary vein → Lungs
Left ventricle → Right atrium → Pulmonary artery → Lungs
Explain why the left ventricle is considered the "receiving" chamber for blood from the left atrium, and how this relates to systemic circulation.
The left ventricle receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the systemic arterial system to supply the body.
The left ventricle receives deoxygenated blood from the right atrium and pumps it to the lungs.
The left ventricle receives blood from the pulmonary artery and sends it to the right atrium.
The left ventricle receives blood from the body and sends it to the lungs.
A patient has a defect in the tricuspid valve. Predict how this might affect the flow of blood through the heart and the oxygenation status of blood entering the lungs.
Blood may backflow into the right atrium, reducing the amount of deoxygenated blood reaching the lungs for oxygenation.
Blood may backflow into the left atrium, increasing oxygenation in the lungs.
Blood may bypass the lungs entirely, leading to increased oxygenation in the right ventricle.
Blood may flow directly from the left ventricle to the pulmonary artery, increasing oxygenation.
Which term is most often used to refer to the heart and its vessels, especially when describing disease processes?
Cardiovascular
Peripheral vascular
Circulatory system
Central
What does the term "peripheral vascular" most commonly refer to?
Vessels outside the heart
The heart and lungs
The brain and kidneys
All blood vessels together
The "circulatory system" is often used to describe which of the following?
Both cardiovascular and peripheral vascular systems together
Only the heart
Only the lungs
Only the vessels of the arms and legs
Which of the following is usually referred to as "central" in medical terminology?
Heart, lungs, brain, kidneys
Arms and legs
Peripheral vessels
Skin and muscles
What is the main goal of the electrical and mechanical functions of the heart?
To create cardiac output
To increase blood pressure
To decrease heart rate
To regulate body temperature
What is the normal range for cardiac output in adults?
4-6 L/min
1-2 L/min
10-12 L/min
0.5-1 L/min
Which formula is used to determine cardiac output?
HR x SV
BP x HR
SV x BP
HR + SV
Which of the following is NOT a factor that affects stroke volume (SV)?
Afterload
Preload
Contractility
Blood glucose
How can the electrical pathway that controls heart contractions be captured?
By an electrocardiogram (EKG, AKA ECG)
By a blood pressure cuff
By a stethoscope
By a thermometer
If cardiac output is calculated as HR x SV, which of the following could cause cardiac output to deteriorate?
Changes in heart rate and/or stroke volume
Increase in body temperature
Decrease in blood glucose
Increase in respiratory rate
Which part of the heart's electrical activity does the P wave represent on an ECG?
Atrial depolarization
Ventricular depolarization
Ventricular repolarization
Time interval between end of ventricular depolarization and repolarization
What is the normal range for heart rate in beats per minute?
60-100 beats per minute
40-60 beats per minute
100-120 beats per minute
30-50 beats per minute
What does the term "normal sinus rhythm" (NSR) refer to?
A consistent, regular pattern of PQRST with a normal rate and rhythm
An irregular heart rhythm with abnormal rate
A heart rate below 40 beats per minute
A heart rate above 120 beats per minute
Which event marks the beginning of systole in the heart cycle?
Electrical signal generated by the SA node
Closure of the AV valves
Opening of the pulmonary artery
Filling of the ventricles
During systole, what happens in the heart?
The right and left ventricles contract and eject blood into the pulmonary artery and aorta
The atria fill with blood from the body
The ventricles relax and fill with blood
The heart rate decreases significantly
What is the average stroke volume (SV) per contraction in a healthy adult?
~70 ml/beat
~120 ml/beat
~40 ml/beat
~100 ml/beat
Which of the following best describes diastole in the heart cycle?
The part of the heart cycle in which the right and left ventricles are receiving blood from the right and left atria
The part of the heart cycle in which the ventricles contract and eject blood
The closure of the aortic and pulmonary valves
The electrical depolarization of the atria
Why is it important not to confuse the term "stroke" in "stroke volume" with the term used to describe a brain problem?
Because "stroke" in "stroke volume" refers to the amount of blood ejected per contraction, not a brain event
Because both terms mean the same thing
Because "stroke" in "stroke volume" refers to a heart attack
Because "stroke" in "stroke volume" refers to the electrical activity of the heart
Which of the following is NOT one of the three main factors that determine the heart's ability to eject blood per beat (stroke volume)?
Preload
Contractility
Afterload
Heart rate
According to the Frank-Starling law, what does the term "preload" refer to?
The resistance to forward flow of blood
The amount of blood in the ventricles before contraction
The ability of the heart muscle to contract
The electrical activity of the heart
Which statement best describes contractility of the heart?
The resistance to blood flow in the arteries
The stretch of the heart muscle before contraction
The efficiency and strength with which cardiac cells contract to eject blood
The amount of blood returning to the heart
What is a "positive inotropic effect"?
Something that decreases contractility of the heart
Something that enhances contractility of the heart
Something that increases afterload
Something that reduces preload
Which of the following best defines afterload?
The amount of blood in the ventricles before contraction
The ability of the heart muscle to contract
Any form of resistance to ejection of blood from a heart chamber
The electrical conduction through the heart
A normal afterload exists when the receiving arteries have which of the following characteristics?
Dilated and constricted muscle tone
Flexible, compliant, and not too constricted muscle tone
Rigid and non-compliant muscle tone
Narrow and rough linings
What is the term for the normal status of the pulmonary artery and its branches throughout the lungs?
Systemic vascular resistance
Pulmonary vascular resistance
Cardiac output
Preload
If a patient has a negative inotropic effect, what does this mean for their heart's contractility?
It is enhanced
It is decreased
It is unchanged
It is increased
How does the Frank-Starling law explain the relationship between preload and the strength of heart contraction?
The less the heart muscle is stretched, the stronger it contracts
The more the heart muscle is stretched (up to a point), the better it will contract
The heart muscle contracts the same regardless of stretch
Stretching the heart muscle always weakens contraction
A patient has abnormally high resistance in their pulmonary arteries. Which factor affecting stroke volume is most directly impacted, and what is the likely consequence for the right ventricle?
Preload; increased filling of the right ventricle
Contractility; stronger right ventricular contractions
Afterload; increased workload for the right ventricle
Preload; decreased blood return to the right ventricle
Which of the following best describes the normal LV afterload?
The normal status of aorta and rest of systemic arterial system
The amount of blood in the right atrium
The oxygen content in pulmonary veins
The pressure in the capillary beds
What is the term used to describe the resistance in the systemic arterial system?
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Pulmonary vascular resistance
Venous return
Cardiac output
Which of the following correctly represents the peripheral flow of blood in the legs?
Aorta → major arteries in legs → arterioles → capillary beds → venules → veins of feet and legs → inferior vena cava
Inferior vena cava → veins of feet and legs → venules → capillary beds → arterioles → major arteries in legs → aorta
Pulmonary artery → capillary beds → veins of feet and legs → aorta
Aorta → pulmonary veins → capillary beds → inferior vena cava
What is the main function of veins in the circulatory system?
To take deoxygenated blood from tissue beds back to the right side of the heart
To deliver oxygenated blood to tissues
To filter waste products from the blood
To regulate blood pressure in arteries
The flow of blood back to the heart through veins is often called:
Venous return
Arterial flow
Capillary exchange
Systemic resistance
Which of the following conditions would most likely facilitate good venous return in the legs?
Proper-functioning valves in leg veins
High arterial pressure in the arms
Blockage in the pulmonary artery
Increased capillary permeability
Which of the following is the main function of well-toned, working muscle tissue around the veins?
To increase blood pressure in arteries
To massage the veins and help direct flow towards the heart
To prevent oxygen exchange in tissues
To thicken the vein walls
Most venous disorders occur in which part of the body?
Arms
Legs
Abdomen
Head
What is venous congestion?
The accumulation of arterial blood in the lungs
The tendency of venous blood to stay and settle in the veins of the leg and foot tissues
The rapid movement of blood through the veins
The blockage of lymphatic vessels
Which factor does NOT contribute to venous congestion?
Gravity "winning"
Valve incompetence
Increased hydrostatic pressure
Decreased oxygen in the blood
What is the result of leg vein valves wearing out and becoming "floppy" in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?
Increased arterial flow to the legs
Backflow into distal veins of legs and feet
Decreased blood volume in the veins
Complete blockage of the veins
Which of the following best describes venous stasis?
Rapid movement of blood in the arteries
Pool of non-moving blood in the veins
Increased oxygen delivery to tissues
Decreased hydrostatic pressure in veins
Why are varicose veins usually not considered a health hazard?
They always cause severe pain
They are only found in the arms
They are not usually associated with severe pathology
They prevent all blood flow to the legs
A patient presents with twisted and distorted surface veins in the legs that are cosmetically distressing but not painful. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Arterial insufficiency
Varicose veins
Deep vein thrombosis
Lymphatic obstruction
How does gravity contribute to venous congestion in the legs?
By increasing arterial pressure
By pulling fluid downward into distal leg tissues when standing too long
By causing muscle contraction
By increasing oxygen in the blood
A patient with chronic venous insufficiency has increased hydrostatic pressure in the veins. Explain the sequence of events that leads to this condition.
Arterial valves become floppy, causing blood to pool in the arteries, leading to increased pressure.
Leg vein valves wear out, allowing backflow into distal veins, resulting in venous stasis and increased hydrostatic pressure.
Muscle tissue around the veins becomes stronger, pushing more blood to the heart and increasing pressure.
Lymphatic drainage increases, causing more blood to enter the veins and raise pressure.
Which of the following is a main sign or symptom of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) caused by increased hydrostatic pressure in the legs?
Edema in the affected area
Sudden chest pain
Severe headache
Blurred vision
What is a possible consequence when an area becomes so engorged with edema that the skin cells cannot function properly?
Venous stasis ulcers
Migraine headaches
Pulmonary embolism
Asthma attacks
Which of the following is NOT a contributing factor to the development of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI)?
Inherited predisposition
Obesity
High calcium intake
Job-related issues involving prolonged standing
Which of the following best describes a deep vein thrombosis (DVT)?
A clot that develops on the wall of a deep vein, usually in the thighs or calves
A bacterial infection of the skin
A blockage in the coronary arteries
A tear in the muscle tissue
What is the term for inflammation and swelling of a vein due to a blood clot?
Thrombophlebitis
Myocarditis
Nephritis
Bronchitis
Which of the following is NOT a typical sign or symptom of DVT?
Local redness, pain, warmth, edema
Usually seen unilaterally (in one leg)
Sudden loss of consciousness
May have no signs or symptoms at all
According to Virchow’s triad, which of the following is NOT one of the classic elements that increase the risk for DVT?
Injury to endothelium of vein
Stasis of blood flow
Hypercoagulability states
Increased oxygen saturation
Which of the following can contribute to stasis of blood flow, increasing the risk for DVT?
Inactivity of the muscles surrounding the veins
Increased dietary fiber
Frequent exercise
High vitamin C intake
A patient presents with local redness, pain, warmth, and edema in one leg. What condition should you suspect?
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Asthma
Diabetes mellitus
Appendicitis
A patient with a history of prolonged immobility develops swelling, redness, and pain in one leg. Using your knowledge of Virchow’s triad, explain which elements are likely contributing to this patient’s condition and why.
Stasis of blood flow due to immobility and possible injury to the endothelium of the vein
Increased dietary salt and high blood pressure
Dehydration and low potassium levels
Allergic reaction and high cholesterol
Which of the following is a common cause of hypercoagulability?
Dehydration
Hypotension
Hyperglycemia
Hypothermia
Which of the following best describes a coagulopathy?
A tendency to clot more easily
A tendency to bleed excessively
A tendency to develop infections
A tendency to have high blood pressure
According to Virchow’s triad, which of the following situations increases the risk of developing a DVT?
Sitting for long periods
Eating a high-fat diet
Exercising regularly
Drinking plenty of water
Which medication can increase the risk of clotting due to dehydration?
Diuretics
Antibiotics
Antacids
Beta-blockers
Which of the following is a possible dangerous sequela of DVT?
Pulmonary embolus (PE)
Myocardial infarction
Stroke
Deep vein insufficiency
What is the usual path of a venous embolus originating from a DVT in the leg?
Leg → IVC → RA → RV → PA
Leg → SVC → LA → LV → Aorta
Leg → Portal vein → Liver → Hepatic vein
Leg → Femoral artery → Aorta → Brain
Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of a pulmonary embolus?
Chest pain
Shortness of breath (SOB)
Hemoptysis (blood in sputum)
Bradycardia
Why is it important to encourage mobility in patients at risk for venous problems?
It increases venous return and prevents DVT
It lowers blood sugar levels
It reduces the risk of infection
It increases bone density
Which of the following is a nursing implication for preventing venous problems in immobile patients?
Encourage hydration
Restrict fluid intake
Apply heat packs to legs
Limit leg elevation
A patient with swelling and edema in the legs is at increased risk for which of the following?
Skin integrity compromise
Hyperglycemia
Hypertension
Hyperthermia
Which of the following best describes the primary function of arteries?
To accept oxygenated blood from the heart and circulate it to tissue beds all over the body.
To return deoxygenated blood to the heart.
To filter waste products from the blood.
To produce red blood cells.
What is meant by the "muscle tone of arterial wall" (vasomotor tone)?
The ability of arterial walls to constrict and dilate in response to various influences and needs of the body.
The thickness of the arterial wall.
The amount of blood flowing through the artery.
The presence of valves in the artery.
Which of the following is a characteristic of arteries with good muscle tone?
They are flexible, compliant, not too constricted, and not too dilated.
They are always constricted.
They are always dilated.
They have no muscle fibers.
What does a "patent" (open) lumen in an artery indicate?
The artery has a smooth, healthy lining with no blockage, allowing smooth, uninterrupted blood flow.
The artery is blocked by a clot.
The artery is constricted and blood flow is reduced.
The artery is dilated and blood flow is excessive.
Which two components are most important for good perfusion of distal tissues?
Good vasomotor tone and patent lumen.
High blood sugar and low cholesterol.
Thick arterial walls and high blood pressure.
Large veins and strong heart valves.
What is perfusion in the context of the arterial system?
The process of delivery of oxygen and nutrients via arterial system to tissue beds all over the body.
The removal of waste products from tissues.
The contraction of the heart muscle.
The exchange of gases in the lungs.
Which of the following is considered a desired blood pressure (BP) range for good perfusion?
110/60 to 115/70 mmHg
90/40 to 100/50 mmHg
130/90 to 140/95 mmHg
150/100 to 160/110 mmHg
What does "systolic pressure" refer to in blood pressure measurement?
The pressure in the arteries when the heart is contracting and ejecting blood out to the arteries.
The pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest.
The pressure in the veins during relaxation.
The pressure in the capillaries during gas exchange.
Which statement best explains "diastolic pressure"?
It is the pressure in the arteries when the heart is resting between beats and filling with blood.
It is the pressure in the arteries during heart contraction.
It is the pressure in the veins during exercise.
It is the pressure in the lungs during inhalation.
A patient has a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg. According to the material, how is this classified?
Normal
Low
High
Critical
What happens in the capillaries surrounding the alveoli?
Blood gets pumped back to the heart
Blood is filtered to remove waste
Oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide
Nutrients are absorbed into the blood
Match the following cardiovascular terms with the correct definition.
Irregular heartbeat in which the heart twitches in an uncoordinated way
Fibrillation
Disease in which fat-like substances are deposited inside artery walls
Atherosclerosis
Blood-filled weak spot ballooning out from the artery wall
Aneurysm
Recording of the heart's electrical activity
Electrocardiogram
Happens when a part of the heart muscle lacks blood supply
Myocardial Infection
Match the vocabulary terms with the definition. Not all terms will be used.
When blood leaves this chambers of the heart, it heads to the lungs.
Right Ventricle
Stops blood from flowing back into the ventricles each time they contract.
Semilunar (SL) Valves
Responsible for distributing electrical impulses throughout the heart,
Atrioventricular (AV) Node
This blood vessels splits into two and sends oxygen poor blood to the lungs
Right Atrium
The chamber in the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.
Left Atrium
Blood traveling in the pulmonary circuit goes through the (a) side of the heart and out to the (b) . Blood traveling in the systemic circuit goes through the (c) side of the heart and out to the (d) .
Match the following cardiovascular terms with the correct definition.
Procedure is done to open up clogged arteries
Balloon angioplasty
A disorder of the valves of the heart
Heart murmur
A condition where the arteries harden and lose their elasticity
Arteriosclerosis
A clot of platelets, proteins, and blood cells forms at the site of blood vessel damage
Thrombosis
A piece of a thrombus breaks free and travels through the bloodstream
Embolism
