WorksheetsBIO 189 Midterm Review Fall B 2025
Total questions: 60
Worksheet time: 30mins
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Which type of transport mechanism uses ATP?
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Osmosis
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Which of the following levels of classification would best describe all species within a given area?
Community
Population
Ecosystem
Biosphere
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Bacteria will live within communities by sharing a slime layer that is excreted by their capsules. This is known as a _________.
Biofilm
Pili
Cilia
Commune
Multiple Choice — 2 points. From a single molecule of glucose, ___ molecules of ___ and a net gain of _ molecules of ATP are formed at the end of glycolysis.
2; pyruvate; 2
2; acetic acid; 4
4; citric acid; 2
2; CO2; 4
Multiple Choice — 2 points. What statement explains the difference between alcoholic and lactate fermentation?
The end product of alcoholic fermentation is ethanol, while the end product of lactate fermentation is lactate.
Alcoholic fermentation is an anaerobic pathway, while lactate fermentation is an aerobic pathway.
Alcoholic fermentation produces lactate, while lactate fermentation produces ethanol.
Lactate fermentation only occurs in prokaryotes, but alcoholic fermentation occurs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Multiple Choice — 2 points. What is the term for a metabolic regulatory mechanism where the product of a reaction slows or stops the pathway that produces it?
Feedback inhibition
Homeostasis
Metabolic inhibition
Enzyme blocking
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Diffusion is the spontaneous spreading of atoms or molecules through a fluid or gas in a passive manner. What term best describes diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane?
Osmosis
Tonicity
Active Transport
Facilitated Diffusion
Multiple Choice — 2 points. A study on the effectiveness of an appetite suppressant diet pill provided half the participants with the pill and the other half with a placebo. But with only 10 participants in total, the number of participants in the study is too small. What is the issue with this experimental design?
Sampling error
Bias
Experimental error
Qualitative Data
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Which of the following accurately depicts the reactants and products from the citric acid cycle (Kreb's cycle)?
Acetyl-CoA --> NADH + FADH2 + CO2 + ATP
Pyruvate --> NADH + FADH2 + CO2 + ATP
Acetyl-CoA --> H2O + ATP
O2 + NADH + FADH2 --> H2O + ATP
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Which statement about enzymes is TRUE?
Enzymes catalyze specific reactions.
Enzymes are the products in a chemical reaction.
Enzymes are the reactants in a chemical reaction.
Enzymes require inhibitors to function.
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Which term describes 6CO2 in this metabolic reaction? C6H12O6 + 6O2 -----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
Product
Reactant
Reactant and a product
None of the above
Multiple Choice — 2 points. All cells need to produce ATP to survive. Which structure is responsible for ATP production by aerobic respiration in plant and animal cells?
Mitochondria
Nucleus
Endoplasmic reticulum
Plasma membrane
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Which macromolecule has the highest caloric value per gram?
Lipids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Nucleic acids
Multiple Choice — 2 points. What bonds link amino acids?
Peptide
Glycosidic
Ionic
Hydrogen
Multiple Choice — 2 points. Which option correctly describes the chemical component associated with the macromolecule?
Amino acids contain a carboxyl group
Simple sugars contain phosphate groups
Nucleotides contain hydrophobic tails
Fatty acids contain an amino group.
The average pH of human blood is 7.4. If the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in the blood increased, what would be the effect on the blood's pH?
pH value moving towards 1.
pH value moving towards 14.
pH value remaining at 7.4
Hydrogen ions (H+) would not affect pH.
Scientists have used many methods to classify living things into species. Today, what is the best method for determining species?
Compare biochemical traits such as DNA sequences.
Classify species based on their looks AND where they live.
Group similarly colored and similarly patterned organisms as the same species.
Determine the amount of time organisms spend with each other.
In taxonomy, "Domain" is the broadest category. Which domain would "Homo sapiens" be categorized under?
Eukarya
Archaebacteria
Protists
Fungi
Which of the following accurately describes the level of organization?
Many cells make up tissues.
Organs are composed of organisms.
Tissues come together to form cells.
The biosphere is the least inclusive level of organization.
Which of the following factors does NOT directly affect the rate of enzyme activity?
Atmospheric pressure
Temperature
pH
Substrate concentration
Approximately how much ATP is produced from one molecule of glucose that gets processed in aerobic respiration?
~36-38 ATP
~8-12 ATP
~125-150 ATP
~300-400 ATP
Simple sugars, amino acids, nucleotides, and fatty acids are examples of:
Monomers
Polymers
Lipids
Disaccharides
Select the definition of energy as stated in the textbook.
The capacity to do work.
The ability to create energy.
The energy stored in the arrangement of objects in a system.
Molecules produced by a given reaction.
The scientific name for modern humans is Homo sapiens. What does the term Homo represent in the taxonomic organization?
Genus
Species
Family
Primates
Which of the following is the final electron acceptor for oxidative phosphorylation?
O2 (oxygen)
ATP
NADH
Glucose
Which reaction occurs in the absence of oxygen?
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Semi-aerobic
None of the above
At which stage in cellular respiration is oxygen used to make H2O?
At the end of the electron transport chain.
In the cytoplasm at the beginning of glycolysis.
In the Kreb’s cycle (Citric Acid Cycle).
In the conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA.
In humans, if not enough oxygen is available then the NADH formed during glycolysis is used to convert _____ into ______
Pyruvate; lactate
Pyruvic acid; ethanol
Lactic acid; ethanol
Ethanol; pyruvic acid
Which of the following is "currency in the cell energy economy"?
ATP
NADH
Oxygen
H2O
Energy is transferred from ATP to other molecules by transferring a(n):
Phosphate group
Adenosine
Heat unit
ADP
A red blood cell contains a concentration of 2% salt. Select the option that describes the effect on the red blood cell when it is placed in a 1% salt solution.
The cell will expand and possibly burst.
The cell will shrink.
The cell will remain unchanged, but salt will move out of the cell.
The cell will remain unchanged, but salt will move into the cell.
Which of the following is an example of passive transport?
Osmosis
Sodium- Potassium Pump
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
Proteins are synthesized within the rough ER by the ribosomes. Once produced, these proteins can be transported to which of the following?
Golgi Body (Apparatus)
Chloroplast
Nucleus
Mitochondria
In a condensation reaction, what is the chemical process that occurs?
The formation of a covalent bond between two monomers.
The breakdown of a complex molecule into smaller subunits.
The binding of a substrate to an enzyme's active site.
The transfer of electrons between reactants.
An enzyme only acts on specific reactants, which are called substrates. The location in which the enzyme bonds to the substrate is called:
Active Site
Reactant
Product
Hexokinase
What is the function of an enzyme?
Speed up a particular reaction without being changed by it.
Enter the Kreb’s Cycle and produce ATP.
Monitor the passage of ions in the cell’s membrane.
Intracellular digestion.
Usually, enzymes are ________.
Proteins
Fats
Steroids
Hormones
Reactants go through a reaction to become ______.
Products
Potential Energy
Phosphorylation
Facilitated Transport
Phospholipids are the main component of the cell membrane. They organize themselves into a phospholipid bilayer due to which specific properties?
The fatty acid tails are hydrophobic, and the heads are hydrophilic
The fatty acid tails are hydrophilic, and the heads are hydrophobic
Both the fatty acid tails and heads are hydrophilic
Both the fatty acid tails and heads are hydrophobic
The function of the cell membrane is to:
Control the contents entering and exiting the cell
Synthesize proteins and lipids
Breakdown nutrients to produce ATP
Transport materials throughout the cell
What is the purpose of the endomembrane system?
Building, modifying and transporting proteins and lipids throughout the cell
Producing ATP through the breakdown of nutrients
Breakdown of cellular debris
Control of the movement of DNA from the nucleus
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
Intracellular digestion
Breaks down toxins
Photosynthesis
Which of the following is NOT a function of the nucleus?
Control the function of the ribosomes
Houses the DNA of Eukaryotic cells
Provides protection of the genetic material from the activity occurring in the cytoplasm
Coordinates the passage of certain materials across the nuclear envelope
The function of which organelle is to modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids?
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Chloroplasts are found only in plant cells. What is their function?
Photosynthesis
Break down nutrients such as glucose to make ATP (energy)
Synthesize proteins
Control the movement of contents into the cell
Which most closely describes the cytosol within the cytoplasm?
Jelly-like mixture of water, sugars, proteins and ions.
The proteins imbedded within the plasma membrane.
An organelle of protein synthesis.
Short hair-like structures that project off the plasma membrane.
Bristles on a broom are used to push materials (sweeping) across a floor. What structure exists to move materials on the surface of the cell?
Cilia
Flagellum
Mitochondria
Vacuoles
You look at a cell through a microscope and observe that the cell does not have a nucleus. Identify which type of cell you are likely observing.
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
A plant cell
An animal cell
Which of the following components would NOT be found in an animal cell?
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Flagella
Nucleus
What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Protein synthesis via attached ribosomes
Store DNA
Produce energy (ATP)
Smooth the surface of the nucleus for protection.
Cells vary in shape and in what they do, but all share certain organizational and functional features. Which features are found in all cells?
Cytosol, DNA, Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane, nucleus, cytosol
Nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
Plasma membrane, Cytosol, mitochondria
Which of the following is NOT a principle of cell theory?
Cells are only living when part of a multicellular being.
All cells come from preexisting cells
Living organisms are made up of one or more cells
The cell is the basic unit of life
Select the true statement from the following options about a cell’s size:
A surface area greater than the volume of the cell is most efficient.
A surface area equal to the volume of the cell is most efficient.
A volume greater than the surface area of the cell is most efficient.
Material exchange is most efficient in larger volumed cells.
Which of the following statements is true about saturated fats?
Saturated fats have ONLY single bonds.
They are solid at room temperature.
Can be found in dairy, animal fat, and coconut oil.
All of the above are true.
____ are small organic molecules that function as enzyme helpers, chemical messengers, and subunits of DNA and RNA.
Nucleotides
Monosaccharides
Cholesterol
Amino Acids
Which of the following polysaccharides is the main component of the plant cell wall and is indigestible for almost all animals?
Cellulose
Glycogen
Starch
Chitin
When a person’s blood sugar begins to drop, ____ stored within the muscle cells will be broken down into glucose monomers to give the cells a boost of energy.
Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose
Chitin
Which of the following is NOT an example of a complex carbohydrate?
Glucose
Glycogen
Starch
Cellulose
Substances that dissolve easily in water are described as _______.
Hydrophilic
Unsaturated
Nonpolar
Isotonic
What is the role of a buffer?
To help maintain a pH of the system and resist change.
To make the pH of a system more acidic when the pH is low.
To make the pH of a system more basic when the pH is high.
To always add more H+ ions to a system.
