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WorksheetsAPES Units 1-3 Review
Total questions: 126
Worksheet time: 2hrs 55mins
Five species of warblers coexist in the same fir tree by occupying different areas of the tree. This demonstrates
adaptive radiation
competitive exclusion
natural selection
resource partitioning
Which element does NOT have a gas phase?
carbon
nitrogen
phosphorus
sulfur
What is the NPP if the GPP is 5.8 kg C/m2/year and respiration is 2.4 kg C/m2/year?
2.4 kg C/m2/year
3.4 kg C/m2/year
5.8 kg C/m2/year
8.2 kg C/m2/year
If producers capture 15,000 Joules of energy from the sun, how much energy would a secondary consumer receive?
15 Joules
150 Joules
1,500 Joules
15,000 Joules
This process occurs when water travels through plants and trees from the roots and out the leaves
evaporation
precipitation
condensation
transpiration
Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)
organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere
community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population
organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem
population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism
The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Symbiotic
Mutualism
Which is a biotic factor?
producers
pH
energy
humidity
In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?
Temperate seasonal forest
Temperate rainforest
Woodland/shrubland
Tropical seasonal forest
In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?
Tundra
Boreal forest
Temperate grassland/cold desert
Woodland/shrubland
What factors are used to classify a biome?
average temperature
average precipitation
distinctive plants adapted to area
all of these are correct
Which of the following are examples of wetlands?
swamps
marshes
bogs
all of these are correct
The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents
the flow of energy from organism B to A
the movement of organisms
the directionality of the sun
the flow of energy from organism A to B
All of the following is true about a niche generalist EXCEPT
thrives in multiple environments
feeds on specific food only
lives in various habitats
feeds on various food
The four types of ecosystem services are
Provisioning, regulating, cultural, moderating
Provisioning, regulating, supervision, intervention
Regulating, provisioning, supporting, cultural
Regulating, provisioning, moderating, reoccurring
Highest species richness will be found on ____ and ___ islands and less species richness will be found on ___ and ___ islands.
small and near; large and far
large and far; small and near
large and near; small and far
small and far; large and near
Obtaining lumber from a forest would be considered what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning
Regulating
Supporting
Cultural
Zone where small numbers can survive these difficult conditions
range of tolerance
zone of intolerance
optimal range
zone of physiological stress
Zone where a stable healthy population survives
zone of intolerance
optimal range
zone of physiological stress
limiting factors
Zone where organisms cannot survive
zone of intolorance
range of tolerance
optimal range
zone of physiological stress
(a) describes the day-to-day conditions in the Earth's atmosphere.
A general rule of thumb is that each trophic level contains ___________% of the energy of the trophic level below it.
75
14
25
10
Match the following
Food Chain
linear series of feeding relationships
food web
map showing many paths of energy flow
biomass
total amount of living tissue
Reorder the following from the smallest organism to the largest system.
species
population
community
ecosystem
biome
The process of atmospheric nitrogen being converted into a usable form is called...
nitrogen fixation
nitrification
ammonification
assimilation
Which of the cycles is considered to be the SLOWEST?
Carbon
Water
Nitrogen
Phosphorus
The two main processes that return water to the atmosphere are...
Evaporation & Transpiration
Precipitation & Transpiration
Precipitation & Evaporation
If producers capture 80,000 J of energy from the sun, how much will be passed on to the secondary consumers?
8,000 J
800 J
80 J
8 J
If producers capture 55,000 J of energy from the sun, how much will be passed on to the primary consumers?
5,500 J
550 J
55 J
5.5 J
Symbiosis where both parties benefit.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Symbiosis where one benefits and one is harmed.
Commensalism
Parasitism
Mutualism
Symbiosis where one benefits and the other isn't affected.
Commensalism
Mutualism
Parasitism
Which is an example of an abiotic component affecting a biotic component.
Low phosphorus content in soil limits the growth of vegetation.
A thick planting of ground cover reduces soil erosion on a hillside.
Plants release oxygen into the atmosphere during photosynthesis.
What refers to all the living and nonliving things in a given area?
abiotic factors
biotic factors
ecosystem
soil
Using the graph to the right, what biome would have annual precipitation of 45cm and an annual temperature of 25 degrees celsius.
Temperate grassland
Subtropical desert
Woodland / shrubland
Savanna
Which ocean zone allows plants to grow??
midnight zone
photic zone
twilight zone
intertidal zone
What is the defining difference between the marine, freshwater, and estuary biomes?
Salinity (dissolved salt)
Sunlight
Oxygen
Amount of Water
Which aquatic biome is characterized by where rivers meet oceans?
Marine
Freshwater
Coral Reef
Estuary
Identify the process that is causing a large and increasing quantity of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
Combustion
Photosynthesis
Fossilization
Methanogenesis
What is a niche in an ecosystem?
The role and position a species has in its environment, including all interactions with biotic and abiotic factors.
A specific area where a species lives and reproduces.
The total number of species in a given area.
The physical space occupied by an organism.
A Simpson's Diversity Index of 1 is (a)
low
_______ species are more susceptible to being wiped out by the introduction of invasive species.
Indicator
Amphibious
Generalist
Specialist
This graph depicts the ecological tolerance of the Blackstripe topminnow in regard to the flow rate of the river/stream it lives in. Drag the labels to the approximate spots on the curve that they belong to. There are two duplicated options.
Optimum range
Zone of intolerance
Zone of intolerance
Zone of physiological stress
Zone of physiological stress
Individuals living in the zone of intolerance will _____.
thrive
reproduce
die
play the harmonica
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
What is ecological succession?
The process by which ecosystems change and develop over time, involving a series of stages from pioneer species to a mature community.
A method of classifying different species in an ecosystem.
The study of how organisms interact with their environment.
A technique used to restore damaged ecosystems.
What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?
Primary succession already has soil
Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession
Secondary succession already has soil
Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession
A role played by an organism in an ecosystem is known at its
Niche
Job
Role
Duty
Describes differences in DNA among individuals of a population or species.
Subspecies
Genetic Isolation
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Ecosystem services
Any positive benefit that the ecosystem and its organisms provide for people
Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival
Event either natural or human caused that disrupts an ecosystem or population
Mutation
Biological variation in a specific species
Change in a DNA sequence
When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species
Species Diversity
Organisms that have adapted better to the environment are more likely to survive than those that have not.
Biological variation in a specific species
The number of different species in a particular area
Genetic diversity
When a population within a species evolves to create a new distinct species
Biological variation in a specific species
Genetically based changes within a population of organisms that raise the chances of survival
Ecosystem diversity
Variety of different habitats
Species found in only one area
Process where different factors stop the growth of a species
Specialist species
Species with limited diet and specific living conditions
Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Generalist species
Species with limited diet and specific living conditions
Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Pioneer species
Species that are the first to colonize a new environment
Species with broad diet and a wide variety of living conditions
Organism that harms the environment it is not native too
Which of the following is NOT a factor that impacts ecological tolerance?
Temperature
pH
Humidity
Level of biodiversity
If an island is closer to the mainland, how will this impact the biodiversity?
There will be a higher level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be a lower level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be no difference in biodiversity on islands based on distance to mainland.
What stage of ecological succession is being shown?
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Tertiary succession
Climax community
The number of species in a community...
species richness
species evenness
Distribution of abundance across the species in a community...
species richness
species evenness
Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity EVENNESS?
Community 1
Community 2
They are the same
Click the image to enlarge it. Which community has higher biodiversity RICHNESS?
Community 1
Community 2
They are the same
Higher biodiversity =
higher ecosystem resilience
lower ecosystem resilience
Which fish would survive best in a pond that is kept at 16 degrees Celsius?
Brook Trout
Carp
Which fish would survive best in a pond that is kept at 23 degrees Celsius?
Brook Trout
Carp
The total number of different species in a given area is called
species richness
evolution
species evenness
phylogeny
A species that can tolerate a very wide range of abiotic or biotic conditions.
generalist
specialist
endemic species
invasive species
What island would have the greatest biodiversity according to the theory of island biogeography?
a small island that's far from the mainland
a small island that is close to the mainland
a large island that's far from the mainland
a large island that is close to the mainland
Ecological tolerance is
the relationship in which two species live close together.
series of gradual changes that occur in a community following a disturbance.
any living environmental factor such a predation or competition for food.
the range of abiotic conditions that an organism or species is able to survive in.
Survivorship curve type I
High mortality at all ages
Low mortality until late in life
Constant mortality rate throughout life
High mortality in early life stages
Population Pyramid
An age structure diagram that is widest at the bottom and smallest at the top, typical of developing countries.
A graphical representation of the distribution of various age groups in a population.
A diagram that shows the population growth rate over time.
A chart that illustrates the economic status of a country based on age demographics.
Density dependent factors
Factors that limit a population regardless of its density
Factors that limit a population more as population density increases (ex. disease, competition for limited resources such as food)
Factors that increase population growth as density increases
Factors that are only relevant in small populations
Density independent factors
Limiting factors that affect all populations in similar ways, regardless of population size (ex. natural disasters).
Factors that limit population growth based on the population size (ex. food supply).
Factors that only affect small populations (ex. disease outbreaks).
Factors that are influenced by the population density (ex. competition for resources).
Infant mortality rate
The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.
The number of infants born alive in a year per 1,000 live births.
The total number of deaths in a population over a specific period.
The rate at which infants are vaccinated against common diseases.
Replacement Level TFR
1.5 offspring
2.1 offspring
3.0 offspring
2.5 offspring
K-selected species characteristics
Large, have many offspring per reproduction event, live in unstable environments, mature early in life.
Large, have few offspring per reproduction event, live in stable environments, invest time in offspring.
Small, have few offspring per reproduction event, live in stable environments, mature late in life.
Medium-sized, have many offspring per reproduction event, live in stable environments, invest little time in offspring.
Carrying capacity (K)
The maximum number of species that can coexist in an ecosystem.
The largest number of individuals of a population that an environment can support in a given time.
The total biomass of all organisms in a given area.
The rate at which a population can grow under ideal conditions.
Fill in the blank: Generalist species have a ______ range of tolerance.
wide
narrow
limited
restricted
These animals have specific diet and climate requirements
Extinct
Generalists
Specialists
Endangered
humans, polar bears, and elephants are an example of
r-selected species
k-selected species
j-selected species
Small populations that lead to a greater likelihood of harmful alleles spreading in a population is a result of
metapopulation
genetic inbreeding
k-selected communities
This type of species has many offspring with little to no parental care.
k-selected
r-selected
s-selected
j-selected
Which type of survivorship curve represents an r-selected species?
Type I survivorship curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
Which type of survivorship curve represents an k-selected species?
Type I survivorship curve
Type II survivorship curve
Type III survivorship curve
This type of species population remains close to carrying capacity (k) over long periods of time.
r-selected
k-selected
s-selected
humans, polar bears, and elephants are an example of
r-selected species
k-selected species
j-selected species
When a population goes over the carrying capacity this is known as
oscillation
overshoot
dieback
exponential
Which of the following factors contribute to an increase in a population's size:
I. births
II. immigration
III. emigration
I only
II only
I and II
I and III
These organisms typically live in unstable, unpredictable environments & are able to reproduce rapidly (exponentially). They do not take care of their young & are subject to predation.
K-strategist
r-strategist
m-strategist
s-strategist
Which of the following statements about total fertility rate is correct
TFR is equal to the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate.
TFR is the average number of children each woman must have to replace the current population.
TFR is generally higher in developed countries than in developing countries
TFR is equal to the growth rate of a country
TFR is the average number of children each woman will give birth to during her childbearing years.
What factor describes when populations decrease because animals are moving out of a population?
Emigration
Limiting Factors
Immigration
Exponential Growth
When a population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?
Continues to grow
The population starts to die off to return to carrying capcity
The population will go extinct due to lack of resources
What is the dispersion pattern of herding animals, birds that flock together, and fish that form schools?
clumped
random
uniform
unpredictable
What term refers to the number of males and females in various reproductive age groups?
age structure
carrying capacity
reproductive dispersal
birth rates
In Stage 1, the birth rate is...
High
Falling
Low
In Stage 1, the death rate is...
High
Falling
Low
In Stage 1, the Total Population is...
Growing slowly
Growing quickly
Decreasing
In Stage 1, the Population Pyramid looks like...
In Stage 3, the Birth Rate is...
High
Dropping quickly
Low
In Stage 4, the Birth rate is...
High
Rising
Low
In Stage 4, the Total Population is...
Growing Quickly
Leveling Out
Decreasing Quickly
Is this country Developed or Developing?
Developed
Developing
What is the approximate population of men age 65-69 in the US in 2014? (see image)
7.5 million
10.5 million
5 million
12 million
Using the rule of 70, a population growing at 10% would double in
7 years
10 years
17 years
15 years
not enough information to tell
Populations whose age structure diagrams are narrower at the bottom than at the top have
high death rates
the same proportion of individuals in each age group
a declining population
a high growth rate
all of the above
How many years would it take a country to double its population with a growth rate of 35%?
1
2
35
70
Stable population
Rapidly increasing population
Shrinking population
If angel fish produce hundreds of young several times a year, which statement below is true?
Angelfish have a k-strategy reproductive pattern
Angelfish have an r-strategy reproductive pattern
Angelfish probably have a low mortality rate
Angelfish provide a lot of care for their young
the number of organisms per unit area
population growth rate
population dispersion
carrying capacity
population density
the number of individuals moving into a population
population
immigration
dispersion
emigration
