Free Printable Unit 3 Biology (Cell Metabolism)

1.

What are the reactants (substrates) for the reaction?

a)

Glucose & ATP

b)

hexokinase

c)

Glucose-P & ADP

d)

△G

2.

What are the products for the reaction?

a)

Glucose & ATP

b)

hexokinase

c)

Glucose-P & ADP

d)

△G

3.

What is the name of the enzyme that catalyzes this reaction?

a)

Glucose & ATP

b)

hexokinase

c)

Glucose-P & ADP

d)

△G

4.

This reaction is considered to be:

a)

exergonic

b)

endergonic

c)

spontaneous

d)

non-spontaneous

5.

The above reaction can best be described as an ________________ reaction that

______________ energy.

a)

exergonic, releases

b)

endergonic, takes in

c)

exergonic, takes in

d)

endergonic, releases

6.

The enzyme for this reaction requires Mg²⁺ (an inorganic metal ion) in order to function properly. Mg²⁺ would be considered to be a ____________.

a)

cofactor

b)

inhibitor

c)

vitamin

d)

coenzyme

7.

The reaction above happens at the beginning of glycolysis. The enzyme in this reaction functions best at neutral pH. Based on this information, where would you expect to find this enzyme in human red blood cells?

a)

cytoplasm

b)

intermembrane space of mitochondria

c)

lysosome

d)

inside thylakoid disks

8.

What would likely happen if you exposed the enzyme to a strongly acidic pH environment?

a)

reaction would run in reverse

b)

denaturation of the enzyme

c)

△G would change to +7.98 kcal/mol

d)

increase in enzyme activity

9.

Glycolysis is an example of a metabolic pathway that can release stored energy by breaking

down larger molecules into smaller ones. For that reason, glycolysis can be labeled as ________.

a)

catabolic

b)

enzymatic

c)

inhibitor

d)

anabolic

10.

The second law of thermodynamics states that all energy conversions are inefficient, and some energy is always lost as which biologically unusable form?

a)

ATP

b)

potential energy

c)

thermal energy (heat)

d)

chemical energy

11.

The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP + P_ican best be described as an ________________ reaction that ______________ energy.

a)

exergonic; releases

b)

endergonic; requires

c)

exergonic; requires

d)

endergonic; releases

12.

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a)

Photosynthesis stores energy in carbohydrates, while cellular respiration releases it.

b)

Cellular respiration is anabolic, and photosynthesis is catabolic.

c)

ATP molecules are produced in photosynthesis, but not in cellular respiration.

d)

Photosynthesis occurs only in heterotrophs, and cellular respiration occurs only in

autotrophs.

13.

NADP⁺ + 2H⁺ + 2e^- → NADPH + H⁺

The reaction above takes place during photosynthesis and illustrates the role of NADP⁺. In photosynthesis, NADP⁺ serves as a ___________ to transfer ____________.

a)

catalyst; oxygen

b)

membrane channel; carbon

c)

motor protein; ATP

d)

coenzyme; electrons

14.

Where are ATP synthase complexes located in plant cells?

a)

thylakoid membrane only

b)

thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane

c)

thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane

d)

inner mitochondrial membrane only

15.

In autumn, the leaves of deciduous trees change colors. This is because, at this time of year,

chlorophyll production drops, and

a)

water supply to the leaves has been greatly increased

b)

the cells of the leaves begin to reproduce

c)

chlorophyll changes color

d)

the carotenes, xanthophylls, and other pigments now become visible

16.

Which curve represents the profile of an enzyme taken from a bacterial species that lives in hot springs at temperatures of ~75°C

a)

curve 1

b)

curve 2

c)

curve 3

d)

curve 4

e)

curve 5

17.

Which curve represents the profile of an enzyme taken from the human stomach where conditions are strongly acidic?

a)

curve 1

b)

curve 2

c)

curve 3

d)

curve 4

e)

curve 5

18.

Which curve represents the profile of an enzyme that would be best suited to function at normal human body temperature?

a)

curve 1

b)

curve 2

c)

curve 3

d)

curve 4

e)

curve 5

19.

Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is TRUE?

a)

Enzymes are NOT reusable.

b)

Enzymes alter the free energy change (△G) of a reaction.

c)

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy (E_A)

d)

Enzymes are permanently changed by the reactions they catalyze.

20.

How would a noncompetitive inhibitor interfere with a reaction involving the enzyme shown

above in Figure 2?

a)

It would bind to a.

b)

It would bind to d.

c)

It would bind to c.

d)

It would bind to b.

21.

Which of the following represents the active site of the enzyme shown above in Figure 2?

a)

a

b)

b

c)

c

d)

d

e)

e

22.

Which of the following graphs most likely describes the effect of pH on the function of the enzyme catalase in human cells?

a)

b)

c)

d)

23.

Which of the following is true for anabolic reactions?

a)

They are spontaneous and breakdown molecules.

b)

They are nonspontaneous and breakdown molecules.

c)

They are spontaneous and build molecules.

d)

They are nonspontaneous and build molecules.

24.

A catalyst works by

a)

changing the order of the reaction

b)

increasing the temperature

c)

lowering the activation energy

d)

making the activated complex

25.

Which of the following is a correct association?

a)

non-spontaneous reaction --- exergonic

b)

spontaneous reaction --- endergonic

c)

non-spontaneous --- endergonic

d)

spontaneous reaction --- isogonic

26.

Which line represents an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

a)

Line 1

b)

Line 2

27.

Which TWO of the following best describes this reaction?

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

c)

spontaneous

d)

non-spontaneous

28.

In Figure 6.2, why does the reaction rate plateau at higher reactant concentrations?

a)

Feedback inhibition by product occurs at high reactant concentrations.

b)

Most enzyme molecules are occupied by substrate at high reactant concentrations.

c)

The reaction nears equilibrium at high reactant concentrations.

d)

The activation energy for the reaction increases with reactant concentration.

29.

Which reaction shows the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

a)

C₆H₁₂O6 + 6O₂

→

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 32 ATP

b)

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy

→

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

c)

C₆H₁₂O₆

→

2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP

d)

C₆H₁₂O₆

→

2 Ethanol + 2CO₂ + 2 ATP

30.

What type of reaction is this?

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

31.

What type of reaction is this?

C₆H₁₂O6 + 6O₂→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 32 ATP

a)

endergonic

b)

exergonic

32.

What type of reaction is this?

C₆H₁₂O6 + 6O₂→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 32 ATP

a)

catabolic

b)

anabolic

33.

Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction?

C₆H₁₂O6 + 6O₂→ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 32 ATP

a)

O₂ is reduced, and CO₂ is oxidized

b)

C₆H₁₂O₆ is oxidized, and O₂ is reduced.

c)

C₆H₁₂O₆ is reduced, and CO₂ is oxidized.

d)

O₂is oxidized, and CO₂ is reduced

34.

What type of reaction is this?

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

a)

catabolic

b)

anabolic

35.

Which reaction shows the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

a)

C₆H₁₂O6 + 6O₂

→

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 32 ATP

b)

6CO₂ + 6H₂O + light energy

→

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

c)

C₆H₁₂O₆

→

2 Lactic Acid + 2 ATP

d)

C₆H₁₂O₆

→

2 Ethanol + 2CO₂ + 2 ATP

36.

Which category of biological macromolecules does NOT feed into a metabolic pathway to serve as an energy (food) source?

a)

proteins

b)

nucleic acids

c)

lipids

d)

carbohydrates

37.

The carbon atoms in a glucose molecule produced during photosynthesis ultimately come from what source?

a)

CO₂

b)

ethanol (CH₃CH₂OH)

c)

H₂O

d)

proteins

38.

Where does the Calvin cycle take place in eukaryotic cells that are capable of photosynthesis?

a)

thylakoid membrane

b)

stroma of the chloroplasts

c)

chlorophyll molecules

d)

mitochondria

39.

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of stages for aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

citric acid cycle

glycolysis

oxidative phosphorylation

b)

glycolysis

citric acid cycle

oxidative phosphorylation

c)

oxidative phosphorylation

citric acid cycle

glycolysis

d)

glycolysis

oxidative phosphorylation

citric acid cycle

40.

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP molecules when one glucose molecule is completely broken down during aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

oxidative phosphorylation

b)

citric acid cycle

c)

glycolysis

d)

lactic acid fermentation

41.

Why is glycolysis considered to be one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved?

a)

It depends upon photosynthesis, a metabolic pathway present in eukaryotes, but not prokaryotes.

b)

It occurs in the cytoplasm and is performed, in some form, by nearly all organisms in the biosphere.

c)

It produces much more ATP compared to oxidative phosphorylation.

d)

It is performed by prokaryotic cells but not eukaryotic cells.

42.

Where does the citric acid cycle take place in eukaryotes?

a)

mitochondrial matrix

b)

cytoplasm

c)

cristae of mitochondria

d)

stroma of chloroplasts

43.

Approximately what percentage of the energy of glucose is captured in ATP as a result of the complete oxidation of glucose during cellular aerobic respiration?

a)

10%

b)

60%

c)

34%

d)

25%

44.

You have a friend who lost 7 kg (about 15 pounds) of fat on a "low carb" diet. How did the fat leave his body?

a)

Chemical energy was converted to heat and then released.

b)

It was converted to ATP, which weighs much less than fat.

c)

It was converted to urine and eliminated from the body.

d)

It was released as CO₂ and H₂O.

45.

Which metabolic pathway is common to both aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation?

a)

The electron transport chain, which uses high-energy electrons to pump H⁺ ions and generate ATP.

b)

Glycolysis, which breaks down glucose into pyruvate in the cytoplasm and produces a small amount of ATP and NADH in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.

c)

The Krebs cycle, which occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and requires oxygen to proceed.

d)

Oxidative phosphorylation, which produces the majority of ATP using ATP synthase in the mitochondria.

46.

The reaction shown below is performed by baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae). Which of the following is true about this reaction?

C₆H₁₂O₆ --> 2C₂H₅OH + 2 CO₂ + 2ATP

Glucose --> Ethanol

a)

This process requires O₂, which acts as the final electron acceptor in the formation of ethanol and CO₂.

b)

Yeast cells do not produce carbon dioxide during this reaction, as CO₂ is not a byproduct of fermentation.

c)

Human muscle cells also perform this reaction to produce ethanol and CO₂ during exercise.

d)

This process occurs anaerobically, allowing yeast to regenerate NAD⁺ so glycolysis can continue in the absence of oxygen.

47.

Starting with one molecule of glucose, glycolysis results in the net production of which of the

following sets of energy-containing products?

a)

2 NADH

2 pyruvate

2 ATP

which are generated in the cytoplasm as glucose is broken down during glycolysis.

b)

2 NAD+

2 pyruvate

2 ATP

which incorrectly lists the oxidized form of the electron carrier instead of NADH.

c)

4 NADH

2 pyruvate

4 ATP

counting all ATP produced without subtracting the ATP used in glycolysis.

d)

6 CO₂

2 pyruvate

2 ATP

which are products of complete glucose oxidation in the Krebs cycle.

48.

A woman takes a deep breath and dives underwater to gather shells from the bottom of a

shallow ocean pool. Soon, her muscles begin to burn as her cells are deprived of oxygen and

begin to perform what process?

a)

aerobic cellular respiration

b)

alcoholic fermentation

c)

photosynthesis

d)

lactic acid fermentation

49.

If one glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) molecule is the net product of each turn of this cycle, how many turns of this cycle are required to make one glucose molecule?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

50.

What is the function of Rubisco in this cycle shown here?

a)

Rubisco is the enzyme that catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide to RuBP, initiating the conversion of CO₂ into organic molecules like G3P.

b)

Rubisco splits water molecules during the light reactions to produce electrons, protons, and oxygen.

c)

Rubisco regenerates ATP from ADP and phosphate during chemiosmosis in the Calvin cycle.

d)

Rubisco converts G3P directly into glucose in a single step after carbon fixation.

51.

What type of biological molecule is Rubisco?

a)

A carbohydrate substrate, which is acted upon by another enzyme to produce G3P.

b)

An enzyme, which catalyzes the fixation of CO₂ to RuBP in the Calvin cycle.

c)

A coenzyme, which transfers electrons or functional groups during photosynthesis.

d)

An inorganic cofactor, such as Mg²⁺, required for enzyme activity

52.

A series of enzymes catalyzes the above reaction. Product Z binds to enzyme 1 (which converts W to X). It binds at a location far from the active site. This binding decreases the activity of enzyme 1.

Product Z functions as

a)

A non-competitive (allosteric) inhibitor that binds to a site other than the active site and decreases enzyme activity.

b)

A competitive inhibitor that binds to the active site and prevents the substrate from binding to the enzyme.

c)

A coenzyme that binds to the enzyme and transfers electrons or functional groups to assist in the reaction.

d)

A substrate that binds to the enzyme to be converted into the next product in the metabolic pathway.

53.

A series of enzymes catalyzes the above reaction. Product Z binds to enzyme 1 (which converts W to X). It binds at a location far from the active site. This binding decreases the activity of enzyme 1.

The mechanism in which the end product of a metabolic pathway (such as Product Z above)

temporarily inhibits an earlier step in the pathway is known as

a)

Feedback inhibition, in which the end product binds to an earlier enzyme and temporarily decreases its activity to regulate the pathway.

b)

Irreversible inhibition, in which the product permanently binds and deactivates the enzyme in the pathway.

c)

Metabolic activation, in which the product increases the activity of an earlier enzyme to speed up the pathway.

d)

Allosteric activation, in which the product binds to an enzyme at a site other than the active site and increases its activity.

54.

HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. In the mid-1990s, researchers discovered an enzyme in HIV

called protease. Once the enzyme's structure was known, researchers began looking for drugs

that would non-covalently bind to the active site and block access to it. Such drugs would be

examples of

a)

Competitive, reversible inhibitors that bind temporarily to the enzyme’s active site, preventing the substrate from binding without permanently altering the enzyme.

b)

Noncompetitive, irreversible inhibitors that bind to a site other than the active site and permanently deactivate the enzyme.

c)

Noncompetitive, reversible inhibitors that bind to a site other than the active site and temporarily reduce enzyme activity.

d)

Competitive, irreversible inhibitors that bind covalently to the active site and permanently prevent substrate binding.

55.

During a laboratory experiment, you calculate that an enzyme-catalyzed reaction of interest has a △G of -20 kcal/mol. If you double the amount of enzyme in the reaction, what will be the △G for the new reaction?

a)

The ΔG will remain -20 kcal/mol because enzymes do not change the free energy of a reaction, they only speed up the rate at which equilibrium is reached.

b)

The ΔG will become more negative, approximately -40 kcal/mol, because increasing enzyme concentration releases additional free energy.

c)

The ΔG will become less negative, approximately -10 kcal/mol, because more enzyme reduces the energy available from the reaction.

d)

The ΔG will become zero, because doubling the enzyme drives the reaction to equilibrium immediately.

56.

Each individual turn of the citric acid cycle produces three molecules of CO₂. How many CO₂molecules would be produced if the products from the breakdown of two glucose molecules were fed into the citric acid cycle?

a)

6 CO₂ molecules, assuming each glucose produces one pyruvate and one turn of the cycle occurs per pyruvate.

b)

12 CO₂ molecules, because two glucose molecules produce four pyruvate molecules, and each pyruvate produces 3 CO₂ per turn of the cycle.

c)

3 CO₂ molecules, assuming only one pyruvate from one glucose enters the cycle once.

d)

20 CO₂ molecules, assuming additional CO₂ is generated from other metabolic reactions besides the cycle.

57.

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin Cycle?

a)

CO₂ and glucose

b)

ATP and NADPH

c)

ADP, P and NADP+

d)

H₂Oand O₂

58.

The process of using electrons to pump H+ to create an electrochemical gradient that must flow through a protein is called:

a)

Chemiosmosis

b)

Fantasia

c)

Induced Fit

d)

Electrolysis

59.

During the light reactions, what is the purpose of passing electrons during the electron transport chain?

a)

To create a proton gradient

b)

To split water

c)

To produce sugar

d)

To produce oxygen gas

60.

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin Cycle?

a)

CO₂ and glucose

b)

ATP and NADPH

c)

ADP, P and NADP+

d)

H₂Oand O₂

61.

Which pigment would be more favorable in green light?

a)

Pigment A (Graph I)

b)

Pigment B (Graph II)

62.

Which reaction moves the cellular respiration process from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria?

a)

glycolysis ---> pyruvate

b)

pyruvate ---> acetyl CoA

c)

acetyl CoA ---> PGA

d)

PGA ---> PGAL

63.

What are the two reactants of cellular respiration?

a)

C₆H₁₂O₆ & 6CO₂

b)

6 CO₂ & 6H₂O

c)

C₆H₁₂O₆& 6O₂

d)

6CO₂& 6O₂

64.

Which of the following is a product of the Electron Transport Chain?

a)

CO₂

b)

O₂

c)

C₆H₁₂0₆

d)

H₂O

65.

What is the main job of the electron carrier molecules (NADH and FADH2) in cellular respiration?

a)

Transport electrons and hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain

b)

Capture energy throughout the process of cellular respiration

c)

Provide the reactants for the process of cellular respiration

d)

Pump positive hydrogen ions and shuttle electrons across the electron transport chain and contribute to chemiosmosis

66.

Which of the following statements are false?

a)

Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen

b)

Glycolysis is the first step in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration

c)

Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria

d)

Glycolysis produces 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvates, and 2 NADH

67.

If the delta G of a reaction is negative, which response shows the best conclusion for that reaction?

a)

The reaction will release more energy than was needed to form the reaction.

b)

Energy from the reaction can be used to do work.

c)

Energy is absorbed by the reaction which then can be used to power other reactions.

d)

Energy is absorbed within the reaction and distributed unevenly throughout the molecule.

68.

If the delta G of a reaction is negative, which response shows the best conclusion for that reaction?

a)

The reaction will release more energy than was needed to form the reaction.

b)

Energy from the reaction can be used to do work.

c)

Energy is absorbed by the reaction which then can be used to power other reactions.

d)

Energy is absorbed within the reaction and distributed unevenly throughout the molecule.

69.

What is the main job of the electron carrier molecules (NADH and FADH2) in cellular respiration?

a)

Transport electrons and hydrogen atoms to the electron transport chain

b)

Capture energy throughout the process of cellular respiration

c)

Provide the reactants for the process of cellular respiration

d)

Pump positive hydrogen ions and shuttle electrons across the electron transport chain and contribute to chemiosmosis

70.

A weightlifter is using heavy weights in short bursts for a competition. Because his muscle cells are not able to take in enough oxygen to make very much ATP the weightlifter begins to get fatigue in his muscles. Which of the following processes is most likely going on in the muscles of the weightlifter as he competes in his event?

a)

As the cells run out of oxygen they switch to anaerobic respiration (fermentation), which allows the cell to make small amounts of ATP in the absence of oxygen.

b)

As the cells run out of oxygen, they die off gradually and the weightlifter's muscles have fewer contracting muscle cells.

c)

The cells will never run out of oxygen if the weightlifter is breathing.

d)

As the cells run out of oxygen, they will continue to make the same amount of ATP, since oxygen is not required to make ATP.

71.

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

a)

6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

b)

6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + Energy -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

c)

6CO₂ + 6H₂O -> 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + Energy

d)

6CO₂+ 6H₂O + Energy -> 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

72.

Which of the following statements about the electron transport chain (ETC) is true?

a)

It consists of a series of redox reactions that transfer electrons through protein complexes in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

b)

It includes a series of hydrolysis reactions associated with the mitochondrial membranes, which release energy used to directly form water and ATP in the matrix.

c)

It is driven by the hydrolysis of ATP molecules, which provides energy for the movement of electrons through the chain of proteins in the membrane.

d)

It occurs in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, where protein complexes freely float and shuttle electrons during cellular respiration.

73.

______________________ is the enzyme that attaches a phosphate to a glucose molecule at the beginning of aerobic cellular respiration.

a)

ATP Synthase

b)

Rubisco

c)

Hexokinase

d)

NADP+ Reductase

74.

What happens when electrons are passed from one atom to a more electronegative atom?

a)

The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is released.

b)

The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is consumed.

c)

The more electronegative atom is reduced, and energy is consumed.

d)

The more electronegative atom is oxidized, and energy is released.

75.

In yeast, what product of fermentation is lethal when it builds up?

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

lactate

c)

alcohol

76.

Aerobic respiration takes place in

a)

the cytoplasm.

b)

the mitochodria.

c)

both the cytoplasm and mitochondria.

77.

Which other organic molecules can also be used for aerobic respiration? (Choose all that apply)

a)

lipids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

proteins

78.

The product of anaerobic respiration in animals is

a)

2 ATP and lactic acid.

b)

36 ATP and lactic acid.

c)

2 ATP and ethanol.

d)

36 ATP and ethanol.

79.

The first step of aerobic respiration breaks down glucose into

a)

mRNA strands

b)

oxygen and water

c)

2 pyruvates

d)

carbon dioxideand sugar

80.

What are the stages of cellular respiration in order?

a)

glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, the citric acid cycle

b)

oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle

c)

glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation

d)

the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis

81.

What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle?

a)

regenerate ATP for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis

b)

produce carbon dioxide for use in the light reactions of photosynthesis

c)

produce oxygen by oxidizing water

d)

produce simple sugars from carbon dioxide

82.

The H+ concentration gradient is formed to

a)

make NADPH

b)

split a water molecule

c)

generate ATP

d)

form water

83.

What is the primary function of the light reactions of photosynthesis?

a)

To produce glucose

b)

To produce NADPH and ATP

c)

To use ATP

d)

To produce RuBP

84.

What is one function of the other pigments besides chlorophyll, in the chloroplast?

a)

to block damaging wavelengths of light

b)

to absorb different wavelengths than the chloroplasts

c)

to provide different colors to the leaves

d)

to transfer energy to a separate photosystem beside the one using chlorophyll a and b.

85.

The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during ______

a)

photosynthesis

b)

respiration

c)

neither photosynthesis or respiration

d)

both photosynthesis and respiration

86.

The accumulation of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere began _____

a)

with the origin of life and respiratory metabolism

b)

with the origin of photosynthetic bacteria that had photosystem I

c)

with the origin of cyanobacteria that had both photosystem I and photosystem II

d)

with the origin of land plants

87.

During photosynthesis, electrons travel downhill in which sequence?

a)

food → NADH → electron transport chain → oxygen

b)

glucose → pyruvate → ATP → oxygen

c)

water → photosystem II → electron transport chain → NADPH

d)

light → electron transport chain → chlorophyll --> ATP

88.

Where did photosynthesis originate?

a)

Algae

b)

Cyanobacteria

c)

Plants

d)

Protists

89.

What is the purpose of splitting water in PS2 of the light dependent reaction?

a)

Provides e- for PS2 and H+ for the thylakoid space

b)

To produce Oxygen for animals

c)

There is no purpose

90.

Photosynthesis is a redox reaction. This means that water is ______ during the light reactions and carbon dioxide is ______ during the Calvin cycle.

a)

consumed; reduced

b)

consumed; reduced

c)

oxidized; reduced

d)

reduced; reduced

91.

When a substace gains electrons, it has been ___.

a)

Reduced

b)

Oxidized

c)

Electrified

92.

Which of the following molecules REDUCES other molecules?

a)

NADPH

b)

ATP

c)

RUBISCO

d)

G3P

93.

Which of the following is the sugar molecule DIRECTLY produced during the calvin cycle?

a)

Glucose

b)

ATP

c)

G3P

d)

RuBP

94.

ATP is made during the light reaction using all of the following EXCEPT

a)

proton pump

b)

hydrogen ion gradient

c)

electron energy from photosystem II

d)

NADPH donating electrons

95.

For questions 31–36, use the reactions below. Reaction A: $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2\; \rightarrow\; 6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; 32\ ATP}$ Reaction B: $\mathrm{6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; light\ energy\; \rightarrow\; C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2}$ Which reaction is endergonic?

a)

Reaction A

b)

Reaction B

c)

both

d)

neither

96.

For questions 31–36, use the reactions below. Reaction A: $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2\; \rightarrow\; 6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; 32\ ATP}$ Reaction B: $\mathrm{6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; light\ energy\; \rightarrow\; C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2}$ Which reaction is exergonic?

a)

Reaction A

b)

Reaction B

c)

both

d)

neither

97.

For questions 31–36, use the reactions below. Reaction A: $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2\; \rightarrow\; 6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; 32\ ATP}$ Reaction B: $\mathrm{6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; light\ energy\; \rightarrow\; C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2}$ Which reaction is anabolic?

a)

Reaction A

b)

Reaction B

c)

both

d)

neither

98.

For questions 31–36, use the reactions below. Reaction A: $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2\; \rightarrow\; 6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; 32\ ATP}$ Reaction B: $\mathrm{6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; light\ energy\; \rightarrow\; C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2}$ Which reaction is catabolic?

a)

Reaction A

b)

Reaction B

c)

both

d)

neither

99.

For questions 31–36, use the reactions below. Reaction A: $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2\; \rightarrow\; 6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; 32\ ATP}$ Reaction B: $\mathrm{6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; light\ energy\; \rightarrow\; C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2}$ Which reaction shows the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

a)

Reaction A

b)

Reaction B

c)

both

d)

neither

100.

For questions 31–36, use the reactions below. Reaction A: $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2\; \rightarrow\; 6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; 32\ ATP}$ Reaction B: $\mathrm{6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; light\ energy\; \rightarrow\; C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2}$ Which reaction shows the chemical equation for photosynthesis?

a)

Reaction A

b)

Reaction B

c)

both

d)

neither

101.

Which of the following correctly lists the sequence of stages for aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

glycolysis → oxidative phosphorylation → citric acid cycle

b)

oxidative phosphorylation → citric acid cycle → glycolysis

c)

citric acid cycle → glycolysis → oxidative phosphorylation

d)

glycolysis → citric acid cycle → oxidative phosphorylation

102.

Which of the following statements describes the results of this reaction? $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6\; +\; 6\ O_2\; \rightarrow\; 6\ CO_2\; +\; 6\ H_2O\; +\; Energy}$

a)

C6H12O6 is oxidized, and O2 is reduced.

b)

O2 is reduced, and CO2 is oxidized.

c)

C6H12O6 is reduced, and CO2 is oxidized.

d)

None of the above answer choices are correct.

103.

Which of the following processes produces the most ATP molecules when one glucose molecule is completely broken down during aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

oxidative phosphorylation

b)

lactic acid fermentation

c)

citric acid cycle

d)

glycolysis

104.

The reaction shown below is performed by baker's yeast (S. cerevisiae). $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6\;\rightarrow\;2C_2H_5OH\; +\; 2CO_2\; +\; 2\ ATP}$ Which of the following is true about this reaction?

a)

This process requires O2.

b)

This process occurs anaerobically.

c)

Human muscle cells also perform this reaction.

d)

Yeast cells do not produce carbon dioxide during this reaction.

105.

Which of the following describes the pathway of electrons in the light reactions?

a)

O₂ $\rightarrow$ PS II $\rightarrow$

PS I $\rightarrow$ NADH

b)

O₂ $\rightarrow$ PS II $\rightarrow$

PS I $\rightarrow$ NADPH

c)

O₂ $\rightarrow$ PS I $\rightarrow$

PS II $\rightarrow$ NADPH

d)

O₂ $\rightarrow$ PS I $\rightarrow$

PS II $\rightarrow$ NADH

106.

Which step of cellular respiration REQUIRES oxygen?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

Oxidative Phosphorylation

d)

Calvin Cycle

107.

What is the main function of the Krebs Cycle?

a)

To complete the breakdown of glucose

b)

To generate a proton gradient and synthesize ATP

c)

To split a glucose molecule in half and synthesize NADH

108.

Where does the Krebs Cycle take place?

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Mitochondrial cristae

d)

Stroma

e)

Thylakoid membrane

109.

What is the main function of glycolysis?

a)

To complete the breakdown of glucose

b)

To generate a proton gradient and synthesize ATP

c)

To split a glucose molecule in half and synthesize NADH

110.

Describe the pathway of electrons in the light reactions.

a)

H₂O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADPH

b)

H₂O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADPH

c)

H₂O → PSII → ETC → PSI → NADH

d)

H₂O → PSI → ETC → PSII → NADH

111.

What is the process of an endergonic reaction being fueled by an exergonic reaction called?

a)

second law of thermodynamics

b)

energy coupling

c)

first law of thermodynamics

d)

endergonic/exergonic switch

112.

Describe the difference between competitive and noncompetitive inhibitors.

a)

noncompetitive binds to active site and competitive binds to other site

b)

competitive binds to active site and noncompetitive binds to other site

c)

competitive is irreversible and noncompetitive is reversible binding

d)

noncompetitive is irreversible and competitive is reversible binding

113.

Describe why an increase in temperature increases the rate of the reaction.

a)

increase in temperature increases the speed/kinetic energy of particles

b)

increase in temperature activates more enzyme to increase the rate

c)

increase in temperature results in increase in substrate available

d)

increase in temperature allows for a tighter fit in the active site

114.

The decreased production of enzyme Trp-T would have which of the following responses?

a)

Decrease in Tryptophan concentration

b)

Increase in I3PA concentration

c)

Increase in IAA concentration

d)

Decrease in I3PA & IAA concentration

115.

Rubisco is important in which step of photosynthesis

a)

energizing the electrons in chlorophyll

b)

carbon fixation when CO2 is connected to RUBP during calvin cycle

c)

regeneration phase as RUBP is made during calvin cycle

d)

reduction of the carbon chain during the calvin cycle

116.

Which of the following is a product of the Electron Transport Chain?

a)

CO₂

b)

O₂

c)

C₆H₁₂0₆

d)

H₂O

117.

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

a)

6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

b)

6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + Energy -> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O

c)

6CO₂ + 6H₂O -> 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + Energy

d)

6CO₂+ 6H₂O + Energy -> 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆

118.

The loss of what results in the death of a living system?

a)

Energy Flow

b)

Order

c)

Energy Flow and Order

d)

Entropy

119.

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

a)

Oxygen is used to break down glucose into pyruvate.

b)

Oxygen acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, allowing for the production of water and ATP.

c)

Oxygen is converted into carbon dioxide during glycolysis.

d)

Oxygen is not involved in cellular respiration.

120.

What is the difference between competitive and allosteric inhibition?

a)

Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape.

b)

Allosteric inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site.

c)

Competitive inhibition occurs when an inhibitor competes with the substrate for the active site, while allosteric inhibition occurs when an inhibitor binds to a site other than the active site, changing the enzyme's shape.

d)

Both types of inhibition involve the inhibitor binding to the active site.

121.

What is the main function of ATP in cellular processes?

a)

ATP serves as the primary energy currency of the cell, providing energy for various biochemical reactions.

b)

ATP is involved in the synthesis of proteins only.

c)

ATP acts as a structural component of cell membranes.

d)

ATP is responsible for the storage of genetic information.

122.

Which of the following describe the function of a double membrane system in mitochondria?

a)

The outer membrane allows the transport of all molecules into the intermembrane space, while the inner membrane serves as the regulatory boundary.

b)

The inner membrane has specialized proteins that create a hydrogen ion concentration gradient between the intermembrane space and the matrix.

c)

The outer membrane contains transport proteins that establish a sodium ion concentration gradient used for ATP production, while the inner membrane contains transport proteins that establish a hydrogen ion concentration gradient used for glucose production.

d)

The toxins and wastes entering the cell cross the outer membrane and are detoxified by digestive enzymes stored within the intermembrane space.

123.

Exergonic means:

a)

energy is consumed

b)

energy is released

124.

Endergonic means:

a)

energy is consumed

b)

energy is released

125.

What is the role of carbon dioxide in the process of photosynthesis?

a)

It is used in the Calvin Cycle to produce glucose

b)

It acts as a catalyst in the light-dependent reactions

c)

It is used to produce ATP directly

d)

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

126.

What is the difference between a catabolic and an anabolic pathway?

a)

A catabolic pathway breaks down molecules, while an anabolic pathway builds up molecules

b)

A catabolic pathway builds up molecules, while an anabolic pathway breaks down molecules

c)

A catabolic pathway involves the synthesis of molecules, while an anabolic pathway involves the breakdown of molecules

d)

There is no difference between a catabolic and an anabolic pathway

127.

What is the role of the light-independent reactions in photosynthesis?

a)

To produce glucose from carbon dioxide

b)

To produce ATP and NADPH which are used in the light-dependent reactions

c)

To break down glucose into pyruvate

d)

To create large amounts of ATP using the energy from electron carriers

128.

What is the role of the light-harvesting complex in the process of photosynthesis?

a)

It absorbs light energy and transfers it to the reaction center chlorophyll

b)

It acts as a catalyst in the Calvin Cycle

c)

It is used to produce ATP directly

d)

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

129.

Plants with the largest amount of which pigment will be best suited for growing conditions where light has a green hue.

a)

Chlorophyll A

b)

Chlorophyll B

c)

Carotenoids

d)

A combination of all 3

130.

Two different species of bacteria are examined. Scientists find that species X always produces CO2 and H2O during cellular respiration. Species Y always produces ethyl alcohol and CO2. Which conclusion can be made from these observations?

a)

Only species Y is aerobic.

b)

Only species Y is anaerobic

c)

Both species X and Y are aerobic.

d)

Both species X and Y are anaerobic.

Unit 3 Biology (Cell Metabolism)

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 2hrs 54mins

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