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GEO1710 Final Exam

Total questions: 72

Worksheet time: 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Landforms created by wind are:

a)

eolian

b)

windation

c)

aeration

d)

saltation

e)

suspension

2.

Wind erosion of desert surfaces is termed:

a)

aeration

b)

deflation

c)

windation

d)

gullying

e)

saltaion

3.

Wind erosion of desert surfaces often produces:

a)

gullies

b)

rills

c)

desert pavements

d)

sink holes

e)

channels

4.

Sand dunes migrate downwind:

a)

by sand grains blowing up the windward slope and cascading down the leeward slope

b)

by sliding over the underlying surface on sloping ground

c)

by being pushed along, intact, by the wind

d)

by expansion and contraction

e)

by wetting and drying

5.

Crescent-shaped dunes with "horns" pointed downwind are:

a)

Barchan dunes

b)

star dunes

c)

transverse dunes

d)

longitudinal dunes

e)

dome dunes

6.

Ridge-shaped dunes aligned perpendicular to the wind direction are:

a)

Transverse dunes

b)

Star dunes

c)

Longitudinal dunes

d)

Dome dunes

e)

Barchan dunes

7.

Wind-blown dust, transported over long distances and deposited in thick layers, is called:

a)

Loess

b)

Dirt

c)

Windage

d)

Pampas

e)

Fines

8.

Large deposits of windblown dust are found in:

a)

China

b)

Greenland

c)

Mexico

d)

The Amazon basin

e)

Canada

9.

Dry stream channels in the U.S. southwest are called:

a)

washes

b)

wadis

c)

drys

d)

bluffs

e)

bajadas

10.

Coalesced alluvial fans form:

a)

bajadas

b)

wadis

c)

drys

d)

bluffs

e)

washes

11.

Flood tide refers to

a)

rising tide

b)

highest tide of the year

c)

lowest tide of the year

d)

falling tide

e)

large tide that causes flooding

12.

Most places experience

a)

2 high tides and 2 low tides per day

b)

2 high tides and 1 low tides per day

c)

1 high tides and 1 low tides per day

d)

3 high tides and 3 low tides per day

e)

1 high tides and 2 low tides per day

13.

The greatest tidal range between high and low tide occurs when

a)

The Moon, Sun, and Earth are in a straight line

b)

the Moon is at first quarter or third quarter

c)

the Sun and Moon are at a 45 degree angle to one another

d)

the Sun and Moon are separated by 90 degrees, as view of the earth

e)

the sun and moon are at their closest point to the earth

14.

Spring tides occur

a)

B and C are both correct

b)

only in March-May

c)

throughout the year

d)

about every two weeks

e)

none of these are correct

15.

Which of the following is an example of an erosional feature of a coastline

a)

sea stack

b)

marsh

c)

beach

d)

tombolo

e)

barrier island

16.

A deposit of sand at a sharp bend in the coastline is a:

a)

tombolo

b)

spit

c)

swash

d)

backwash

e)

delta

17.

A deposit of sand joining a former island to shore is a:

a)

tombolo

b)

barrier spit

c)

swash

d)

backwash

e)

delta

18.

The distance over which wave generating wind blows is the

a)

reach

b)

fetch

c)

catch

d)

stretch

e)

pitch

19.

Wave oscillation becomes negligible at about _____________ depth:

a)

1 wavelength

b)

2 wavelength

c)

half a wavelength

d)

quarter wavelength

e)

a tenth of a wavelength

20.

A mixture of fresh and salt water is called

a)

brackish

b)

brine

c)

saline

d)

taffy

e)

seltzer

21.

A distinct layer within a soil is known as a

a)

soil horizon

b)

soil slice

c)

soil profile

d)

soil system

e)

soil section

22.

The O horizon is named for its

a)

organic content

b)

ozone content

c)

oxygen content

d)

oxide content

e)

orange color

23.

_____ is decomposed organic materials and is usually dark in color

a)

Humus

b)

Solum

c)

Clay

d)

Polypedon

e)

Loam

24.

____ refers to the REMOVAL of soil materials by percolating water

a)

Leaching

b)

Illuvation

c)

solum

d)

loam

e)

humus

25.

_____ refers to the DECOMPOSITION of soil materials by percolating water in lower levels of a soil

a)

illuvation

b)

humus

c)

solum

d)

loam

e)

leaching

26.

A soils ____ horizon is composed of weathered bedrock

a)

A

b)

E

c)

B

d)

R

e)

C

27.

A soils ___ horizon is composed of unweathered bedrock

a)

A

b)

E

c)

B

d)

R

e)

C

28.

Mollisols are

a)

grassland soils

b)

wetland soils

c)

soils rich in expansive clays

d)

forest soil

e)

dryland soils

29.

Vertisols are

a)

soils rich in expansive clays

b)

dryland soils

c)

wetland soils

d)

forest soils

e)

grassland soils

30.

Iron and aluminum oxides give the ____ an orange color

a)

O horizon

b)

A horizon

c)

B horizon

d)

C horizon

e)

R horizon

31.

What kind of vegetation has developed on the Paluxy and Woodbine sandstones?

a)

Oak woodlands

b)

grasslands

c)

pine forest

d)

brush and weeds

e)

mangroves

32.

What kind of vegetation has developed on the limestones, clays (shales), and marls between the Paluxy and Woodbine sandstones

a)

grasslands

b)

pine forest

c)

oak woodlands

d)

brush and weeds

e)

mangroves

33.

What kind of soil has developed on the Paluxy and Woodbine sandstones

a)

alfisols

b)

mollisols

c)

vertisols

d)

histosols

e)

spodosols

34.

What kind of soil has developed on the limestones, clays (shales), and marls BETWEEN the Paluxy and Woodbine sandstones

a)

alfisols

b)

mollisols

c)

vertisols

d)

histosols

e)

spodosols

35.

What kind of soil has developed on the Eagle Ford Shale, Austin Chalk, and Taylor Marl running through Dallas County

a)

vertisols

b)

alfisols

c)

mollisols

d)

histosols

e)

spodosols

36.

The area on the Paluxy Sandstone is called the

a)

Western Cross Timbers

b)

Blackland Prairie

c)

Grand Prairie

d)

Eastern Cross Timbers

e)

Old piney woods

37.

The areas on the limestones, clays (shales), and marls between the Paluxy and Woodbine sandstones is called the

a)

Grand Prairie

b)

Eastern Cross Timbers

c)

Western Cross Timbers

d)

Old Piney Woods

e)

Blackland Prairie

38.

The area on the Eagle Ford Shale, Austin Chalk, and Taylor Marl running through Dallas County is the

a)

Blackland Prairie

b)

Grand Prairie

c)

Eastern Cross Timbers

d)

Western Cross Timbers

e)

Old Piney Woods

39.

Gullies are common on the

a)

Western Cross Timbers

b)

Eastern Cross Timbers

c)

Blackland Prairie

d)

Grand Prairie

e)

Old Piney Woods

40.

Foundation problems are common on the:

a)

Blackland Prairie

b)

Grand Prairie

c)

Old Piney Woods

d)

Western Cross Timbers

e)

Eastern Cross Timbers

41.

A colder-than-average climatic period from AD 1250-1850 was the

a)

Little Ice Age

b)

Wisconsin Glaciation

c)

Dust Bowl

d)

ENSO period

e)

Atlantic Oscillation

42.

The sun's energy output varies in cycle that correlate with

a)

sunspot activity

b)

tidal cycles

c)

volcanic eruptions

d)

the seasons of the year

e)

cloud cover

43.

Cyclical variations in earth's orbit are known as

a)

Michaelson Cycles

b)

Michigan Cycles

c)

Brockovich Cycles

d)

Milankovitch Cycles

e)

Milutin Cycles

44.

Volcanic aerosols

a)

cause cooling

b)

cause warming

c)

do not affect temperature

d)

are greenhouse gases

e)

affect temperature only in the vicinity of volcanoes

45.

Couldn't the current warming trend be just more natural variability?

a)

All of the above are correct


b)

No- models using natural forcings alone do not match temperature trends

c)

No- natural forcings do not include burning of fossil fuels

d)

No- for the first time, human activities are causing significant change in climate

e)

No- natural forcings alone cannot explain changes in climate

46.

Over the 20th century, carbon emissions increased by a factor of

a)

10

b)

2

c)

5

d)

50

e)

100

47.

Which of the following is not evidence of global warming?

a)

None of the above

b)

Declining Arctic sea ice

c)

Shrinking glaciers

d)

loss of ice from Antarctica and Grreenland ice caps

e)

increasing temperatures

48.

Sea level rise is caused by

a)

ice melt and thermal expansion of seawater

b)

increased ocean floor sedimentation

c)

undersea volcanoes

d)

increased rainfall

e)

gravity of moon

49.

NOAA predicts an increase in sea-level between ____ m by 2100

a)

0.3 to 1.2

b)

0.1 to 0.5

c)

1.5 to 2

d)

2 to 3

e)

5 to 7

50.

In response to global climate change, 165 countries signed the _______ in 2016

a)

Paris Climate Agreement

b)

Tokyo Climate Contract

c)

Iceland Climate Accord

d)

London Climate Pact

e)

Moscow Climate Understanding

51.

Two kinds of overland flow are:

a)

infiltration excess and saturation

b)

stem flow and evapotranspiration

c)

interflow and saturation

d)

percolation excess and stem flow

e)

evapotranspiration and storm flow

52.

Water that reaches the ground faster than it can infiltrate, generates ______, which supplies _________ to nearby streams.

a)

surface runoff, storm flow

b)

storm flow, surface runoff

c)

base flow, storm flow

d)

surface runoff, base flow

e)

storm flow, base flow

53.

A graph showing the change in stream discharge over time is a:

a)

hydrograph

b)

flow graph

c)

storm graph

d)

climograph

e)

hydroplane

54.

The study's hypothesis was that urbanization will:

a)

Increase storm flow, increase peak discharge, decrease lag time

b)

decrease storm flow, increase peak discharge, decrease lag time

c)

Increase infiltration, decrease peak discharge, increase lag time

d)

increase storm flow, decrease peak discharge, increase lag time

e)

decrease storm flow, decrease peak discharge, decrease lag time

55.

White Rock Creek watershed changed from _____ rural in 1964 to ____ urban in 2002:

a)

87%, 95%

b)

65%, 75%

c)

99%, 89%

d)

49%, 51%

e)

10%, 15%

56.

Why was no storm flow generated in the 1960's watershed for a hypothetical storm of 0.5 inches per hour for 3 hours

a)

A and B are correct

b)

the infiltration rate of the watershed was not exceeded

c)

all the rain soaked into the ground

d)

all the rain fell in the upper part of the watershed

e)

there were no steep slopes in the watershed in the 1960's

57.

A 10-year storm event is:

a)

a storm likely to occur once in 10 years

b)

a storm that lasts 10 years

c)

a storm that occurs exactly 10 years after a previous storm event

d)

a storm that cannot occur twice in a 10-year period

e)

b and d are both correct

58.

Which factor directly increases flood risk:

a)

increased infiltration

b)

increased storm flow

c)

increased peak discharge

d)

increased lag time

e)

increased percolation

59.

The study found that the watershed's infiltration rate was reduced by ___ between the 1960's and 2000's:

a)

11%

b)

20%

c)

45%

d)

60%

e)

99%

60.

Why does urbanization increase storm flow?

a)

Soil is covered by impermeable surfaces

b)

steeper slopes are created

c)

vegetation is removed

d)

lawn watering

e)

urban areas get more rain

61.

The Gulf Intracoastal Water Way is:

a)

a man-made canal

b)

a large river

c)

part of the Texas coast flooded by storm surges

d)

a groundwater aquifer

e)

a pocket of very moist air overlying Houston

62.

Erosion of the preserve shoreline is caused by:

a)

beavers

b)

jet skis

c)

fish

d)

barges

e)

subduction

63.

Prominent features of the preserve shoreline are:

a)

stacks

b)

wave-cut notch

c)

arches

d)

tombolos

e)

spits

64.

Shoreline erosion was measured by:

a)

sequential air photographs

b)

Radar

c)

GIS

d)

repeat surveying

e)

tape measure

65.

Erosion of the preserve shoreline increased the width of the waterway about:

a)

3-fold

b)

2-fold

c)

5-fold

d)

10-fold

e)

20-fold

66.

A potential problem caused by erosion is:

a)

saltwater intrusion

b)

loss of fishing grounds

c)

loss of oyster beds

d)

waterway too shallow for barges

e)

destruction of docks

67.

Erosion was combated by:

a)

building concrete erosion barriers

b)

building artificial oyster beds

c)

building wooden fences

d)

planting trees

e)

planting mangroves

68.

What new technology was used in an update of the study in 2005?

a)

GPS and GIS

b)

Lidar

c)

raidometic dating

d)

laser surveying

e)

acoustic distance measuring(ADM)

69.

Which of the following is not evidence of erosion?

a)

Eroded pipeline

b)

Eroded land

c)

Destroyed fence

d)

Destroyed boat ramp

e)

Eroded road

70.

______, a salt-tolerant plant formed a marsh along the shoreline:

a)

Spartina

b)

willow

c)

blue stem

d)

mangrove

e)

prickly pear

71.

Geogram #5: What did you learn?

a)

a. the sediment core contains 51 years of sedimentation

b)

b. the
sediment core contains 61 cm of sedimentation


c)

c. the average rate of sea-level rise in
the region is 0.66 cm per year

d)

d. the average aggradation rate in this part of the
refuge is 1.2 cm per year

e)

e. all of these answers are correct.

72.

Geogram #6: What did you learn?

a)

a. expansive soils are low in clay content

b)

b. A GIS was used to
measure clay content

c)

c. Expansive soils are the 5th most costly natural hazard in the
U.S.

d)

d. new urban development in DFW avoids expansive soil areas

e)

e. foundation
repairs are disproportionately concentrated on expansive soils

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