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WorksheetsCDU ANAPHY | Anatomy Respiratory
Total questions: 77
Worksheet time: 39mins
What is the function of the external nose in the respiratory system?
It is the visible structure that forms a prominent feature of the face and is composed of hyaline cartilage, with the bridge consisting of bone (nasal bone).
It filters oxygen directly into the bloodstream without passing through the lungs.
It produces mucus to trap dust and microorganisms before they enter the throat.
It is responsible for the exchange of gases between the blood and the air.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?
A) Gas exchange
B) Regulation of blood pH
C) Production of chemical mediators
D) Digestion of food
Fill in the blank: The ________ is commonly called the voice box and is located in the anterior throat, extending from the pharynx to the trachea.
larynx
esophagus
thyroid gland
epiglottis
Which part of the nasal cavity is responsible for trapping large dust particles?
Vestibule
Coarse hairs
Choanae
Meatus
The pharynx is a common passageway for both the respiratory and digestive systems.
True
False
Match the following parts of the respiratory system with their descriptions:
Wind pipe
Trachea
Branches into smaller tubes
Bronchi
Site of gas exchange
Lungs
What is the main function of the conducting zone in the respiratory system?
To move air from the nose to the smallest air tubes for ventilation.
To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood.
To filter and humidify the blood.
To produce sound for speech.
Which structure forms the floor of the nasal cavity, separating it from the oral cavity?
Hard palate
Soft palate
Meatus
Conchae
Fill in the blank: The ________ are the external openings of the nose.
nares
alveoli
bronchi
cilia
The laryngopharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium and ciliated columnar epithelium.
True
False
What are the three main functions of the larynx?
It maintains an open airway, protects the airway during swallowing, and produces the voice.
It filters blood, regulates body temperature, and stores nutrients.
It digests food, absorbs water, and eliminates waste.
It pumps blood, controls breathing rate, and stores oxygen.
How many cartilage structures does the larynx consist of?
Nine cartilage structures: three unpaired and three paired.
Six cartilage structures: two unpaired and two paired.
Seven cartilage structures: three unpaired and two paired.
Five cartilage structures: two unpaired and three paired.
Which cartilage is known as Adam's apple and is attached superiorly to the hyoid bone?
Thyroid cartilage.
Cricoid cartilage.
Arytenoid cartilage.
Epiglottis cartilage.
Which cartilage protects the airway during swallowing by covering the glottis?
Epiglottis.
Thyroid cartilage.
Cricoid cartilage.
Arytenoid cartilage.
Which of the following is NOT a paired cartilage of the larynx?
Cuneiform
Corniculate
Thyroid
Arytenoid
What is the function of the false vocal cords?
They prevent air from leaving the lungs and prevent food and liquids from entering the larynx.
They produce sound during speech.
They regulate the pitch of the voice.
They assist in swallowing by moving the epiglottis.
What is the primary source of voice production in the larynx?
True Vocal Cords.
False Vocal Cords.
Epiglottis.
Arytenoid Cartilage.
The trachea is reinforced with how many C-shaped pieces of hyaline cartilage?
16-20 C-shaped pieces.
10-12 C-shaped pieces.
22-25 C-shaped pieces.
5-8 C-shaped pieces.
Which lung has three lobes?
The right lung.
The left lung.
Both lungs.
Neither lung.
Which fissures are present in the right lung?
Oblique fissure and horizontal fissure.
Oblique fissure and lingular fissure.
Horizontal fissure and lingular fissure.
Oblique fissure only.
How many bronchopulmonary segments are there in the left lung?
Nine bronchopulmonary segments.
Seven bronchopulmonary segments.
Ten bronchopulmonary segments.
Eight bronchopulmonary segments.
Which structure divides into the left and right main bronchi?
The trachea.
The esophagus.
The larynx.
The pharynx.
Which bronchus is more likely to lodge foreign objects?
The right main bronchus.
The left main bronchus.
The secondary bronchus.
The tertiary bronchus.
Each main bronchus divides into how many lobar bronchi in the right lung?
Three lobar bronchi.
Two lobar bronchi.
Four lobar bronchi.
Five lobar bronchi.
Which of the following statements is TRUE about the left lung?
It has three lobes
It has two lobes
It has a horizontal fissure
It has three bronchopulmonary segments
What are alveoli?
Alveoli are small air-filled chambers where the air and the blood come into close contact with each other.
Alveoli are large blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood.
Alveoli are muscles that help in the movement of the lungs.
Alveoli are bones that protect the lungs.
How many alveoli are there in the lungs?
There are about 300 million alveoli in the lungs.
There are about 3 million alveoli in the lungs.
There are about 30,000 alveoli in the lungs.
There are about 1 million alveoli in the lungs.
Which type of pneumocytes produce surfactant?
Type II Pneumocytes produce surfactant.
Type I Pneumocytes produce surfactant.
Type III Pneumocytes produce surfactant.
Type IV Pneumocytes produce surfactant.
Match the following parts of the tracheobronchial tree:
Primary bronchus/main bronchus
A
lobar bronchus/secondary bronchus
B
tertiary bronchus/segmental bronchus
C
bronchi
D
bronchioles
E
The smaller the bronchioles become, the less they contain elastic tissue but more smooth muscles.
True
False
Where does gas exchange between the air and blood take place?
Gas exchange between the air and blood takes place in the respiratory membrane.
Gas exchange between the air and blood takes place in the trachea.
Gas exchange between the air and blood takes place in the bronchi.
Gas exchange between the air and blood takes place in the pleural cavity.
What are the two layers of the respiratory membrane composed of?
The respiratory membrane consists of two layers of simple squamous epithelium.
The respiratory membrane consists of two layers of cuboidal epithelium.
The respiratory membrane consists of two layers of columnar epithelium.
The respiratory membrane consists of two layers of connective tissue.
Which fibers allow the alveoli to expand during inspiration and recoil during expiration?
Elastic fibers surrounding the alveoli.
Collagen fibers in the bronchioles.
Smooth muscle fibers in the alveolar walls.
Reticular fibers in the pleura.
Match the following layers of the respiratory membrane:
Alveolar fluid
Alveolar fluid
Alveolar epithelium
Alveolar epithelium
Basement membrane of alveolar epithelium
Basement membrane of alveolar epithelium
Interstitial space
Interstitial space
Basement membrane of capillary endothelium
Basement membrane of capillary endothelium
How many pairs of ribs are present in the thoracic wall?
12 pairs of ribs are present.
10 pairs of ribs are present.
14 pairs of ribs are present.
8 pairs of ribs are present.
Name the muscles of inspiration.
Diaphragm, external intercostals, pectoralis minor, scalene muscles.
Rectus abdominis, internal intercostals, latissimus dorsi, trapezius.
Biceps brachii, triceps brachii, deltoid, gluteus maximus.
Transversus abdominis, obliques, serratus anterior, gastrocnemius.
Name the muscles of expiration.
Internal intercostals, transversus thoracis.
External intercostals, diaphragm.
Rectus abdominis, pectoralis major.
Serratus anterior, trapezius.
The parietal pleura lines the walls of the thorax, diaphragm, and mediastinum.
True
False
What is the function of pleural fluid?
Pleural fluid acts as a lubricant and helps hold the pleural membranes together.
Pleural fluid transports oxygen between the lungs and blood.
Pleural fluid aids in the digestion of food in the stomach.
Pleural fluid helps in the production of red blood cells.
Asthma is characterized by abnormally increased constriction of the trachea and bronchi in response to various stimuli, which decrease ventilation efficiency.
True
False
What are the symptoms of asthma?
Rapid and shallow breathing, wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
High fever, rash, and joint pain.
Chest pain, blurred vision, and loss of appetite.
Swelling of the legs, yellowing of the skin, and frequent urination.
What regulates ventilation?
Ventilation is regulated by changes in thoracic volume, which produce changes in air pressure within the lungs.
Ventilation is regulated by the amount of oxygen in the blood.
Ventilation is regulated by the temperature of the air entering the lungs.
Ventilation is regulated by the color of the lung tissue.
Which muscles are responsible for ventilation?
The muscles associated with the ribs are responsible for ventilation.
The muscles associated with the arms are responsible for ventilation.
The muscles associated with the legs are responsible for ventilation.
The muscles associated with the neck are responsible for ventilation.
Inspiration, or inhalation, is the movement of air into the lungs. Expiration, or exhalation, is the movement of air out of the lungs.
True
False
During quiet inspiration, which muscles contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity?
Muscles of inspiration contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity.
Muscles of expiration contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity.
Abdominal muscles contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity.
Neck muscles contract to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity.
What happens when the alveolar pressure and atmospheric pressure become equal during respiration?
Airflow stops.
Lungs collapse.
Oxygen is absorbed rapidly.
Carbon dioxide is expelled forcefully.
Which muscles are involved in expiration?
Muscles of expiration, including internal intercostal and transversus thoracis.
Diaphragm and external intercostal muscles.
Sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles.
Rectus abdominis and pectoralis major.
What is the tendency for an expanded lung to decrease in size due to?
The elastic properties of its tissues and because the alveolar fluid has surface tension.
The contraction of the diaphragm muscle.
The increase in blood flow to the lungs.
The presence of excess oxygen in the alveoli.
What is surfactant and what is its function in the lungs?
Surfactant is a mixture of lipoprotein molecules produced by secretory cells of the alveolar epithelium. It reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing collapse.
Surfactant is a type of hormone that increases blood flow in the lungs.
Surfactant is a protein that helps transport oxygen in the blood.
Surfactant is an enzyme that breaks down mucus in the respiratory tract.
Normally, pleural pressure is lower than alveolar pressure.
True
False
What causes the pleural pressure to be lower than alveolar pressure?
A suction effect caused by fluid removal by the lymphatic system and by lung recoil.
Increased air pressure in the pleural cavity due to muscle contraction.
Direct diffusion of oxygen from alveoli to pleura.
Active pumping of fluid into the pleural space by blood vessels.
What causes air to move into and out of the lungs?
Changes in alveolar pressure due to alveolar volume changes.
Contraction of the diaphragm only.
Presence of oxygen in the blood.
Movement of cilia in the respiratory tract.
What is tidal volume?
Tidal volume is the volume of air inspired or expired with each breath. At rest, quiet breathing results in a tidal volume of about 500 milliliters (mL).
Tidal volume is the total volume of air the lungs can hold after a maximal inspiration.
Tidal volume is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration.
Tidal volume is the volume of air exchanged during forced expiration only.
What is inspiratory reserve volume?
Inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (about 3000 mL).
Inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that remains in the lungs after a normal expiration.
Inspiratory reserve volume is the total volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inspiration.
Inspiratory reserve volume is the volume of air exchanged during normal breathing.
What is expiratory reserve volume?
Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be expired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (about 1100 mL).
Expiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be inspired forcefully beyond the resting tidal volume (about 1100 mL).
Expiratory reserve volume is the total volume of air present in the lungs after a normal expiration.
Expiratory reserve volume is the volume of air exchanged during normal breathing (about 500 mL).
What is residual volume?
Residual volume is the volume of air still remaining in the respiratory passages and lungs after maximum expiration (about 1200 mL).
Residual volume is the total volume of air inhaled during a normal breath.
Residual volume is the amount of air exchanged during forced inspiration.
Residual volume is the volume of air present in the lungs after a normal expiration.
What is functional residual capacity?
Functional residual capacity is the expiratory reserve volume (1100 mL) plus the residual volume (1200 mL), about 2300 mL at rest.
Functional residual capacity is the inspiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume, about 3500 mL at rest.
Functional residual capacity is the tidal volume plus the residual volume, about 1700 mL at rest.
Functional residual capacity is the inspiratory reserve volume plus the residual volume, about 3300 mL at rest.
What is inspiratory capacity?
Inspiratory capacity is the tidal volume (500 mL) plus the inspiratory reserve volume (3000 mL), about 3500 mL at rest.
Inspiratory capacity is the sum of residual volume and tidal volume, about 2000 mL at rest.
Inspiratory capacity is the expiratory reserve volume plus tidal volume, about 1700 mL at rest.
Inspiratory capacity is the total lung capacity minus the tidal volume, about 4000 mL at rest.
What is vital capacity?
Vital capacity is the sum of the inspiratory reserve volume (3000 mL), the tidal volume (500 mL), and the expiratory reserve volume (1100 mL), about 4600 mL.
Vital capacity is the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal expiration, about 1200 mL.
Vital capacity is the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing, about 500 mL.
Vital capacity is the total lung capacity, about 5800 mL.
What is the total lung capacity?
5800 mL
4200 mL
3500 mL
2500 mL
The vital capacity of adult females is usually 20-25% less than that of adult males and reaches its maximum amount in young adults and gradually decreases in the elderly.
True
False
Tall people and thin people have a greater vital capacity than short people and obese people.
True
False
Well-trained athletes can have a vital capacity 30-40% above that of untrained people.
True
False
In patients whose respiratory muscles are paralyzed by spinal cord injury or diseases such as poliomyelitis or muscular dystrophy, the vital capacity can be reduced to values not consistent with survival (less than 500-1000 mL).
True
False
What is Anatomic Dead Space?
The volume of air in the respiratory tract segments that conduct air to the alveoli and bronchioles but do not participate in gas exchange.
The volume of air that is exchanged during each breath in the alveoli.
The space in the lungs where oxygen is absorbed into the blood.
The area in the respiratory tract where carbon dioxide is produced.
Physiological dead space can be thought of as areas of the lung that are well ventilated but poorly perfused.
True
False
If respiratory membrane thickness is increased, gas exchange is decreased.
True
False
What is the total surface area for gas exchange in the normal adult?
About 70 square meters (m2)
About 7 square meters (m2)
About 700 square meters (m2)
About 170 square meters (m2)
What is partial pressure?
The pressure exerted by a specific gas in a mixture of gases.
The total pressure of all gases in a mixture.
The pressure exerted by solids in a mixture.
The pressure exerted by liquids in a mixture.
Gas molecules move randomly from higher concentration to lower concentration until an equilibrium is achieved.
True
False
Oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the pulmonary capillaries because the Po2 in the alveoli is greater than that in the pulmonary capillaries (which contains deoxygenated blood).
True
False
CO2 diffuses from the pulmonary capillaries into the alveoli because the Pco2 is greater in the pulmonary capillaries than in the alveoli (where oxygen is).
True
False
The air entering and leaving the alveoli keeps the Po2 higher in the alveoli than in the pulmonary capillaries.
True
False
Increasing the rate of breathing also makes the Pco2 lower in the alveoli than it is during normal, quiet breathing.
True
False
What is the primary function of the diaphragm during respiration?
It filters air before it enters the lungs.
It relaxes to decrease the volume of the thoracic cavity, forcing air out of the lungs.
It contracts to increase the volume of the thoracic cavity, allowing air to flow into the lungs.
It produces mucus to trap dust particles.
Which structure is responsible for the exchange of gases in the lungs?
Trachea.
Alveoli.
Bronchioles.
Pharynx.
What is the role of the cilia in the respiratory tract?
Cilia help to trap and move mucus and debris out of the airways.
Cilia assist in the contraction of the diaphragm.
Cilia are responsible for gas exchange in the alveoli.
Cilia produce surfactant to reduce surface tension.
