WorksheetsCH 3: Cell Structure and Function — Review
Total questions: 94
Worksheet time: 58mins
The slide title states The Basic Unit of Life alongside images of red blood cells and plant cells. What is identified as the basic unit of life?
Atom
Tissue
Cell
Organ
who first used the word cell in late 1665?
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Robert Hooke
Theodore Schwann
Matthias Schleiden
What did Robert Hooke examine when he first used the word cell?
Thin slices of cork
Human blood smears
Bacterial cultures
Animal muscle fibers
Which instrument did Robert Hooke use to look at thin slices of cork?
Electron microscope
Light microscope
Stereo microscope
Telescope
Cork seemed to be made of thousands of tiny, empty chambers. Why did Hooke call these chambers cells?
They resembled tiny rooms in a monastery
They appeared as moving organisms
They looked like plant leaves
They were filled with colorful pigments
Today we know that cells are not empty chambers. What do they contain?
Nothing at all
Only air
Much living matter
Only water
Around 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek made better simple microscopes to observe things in nature. What was he the first to do under the microscope?
Measure cell size
See and describe microorganisms
Photograph plant tissues
Discover cell nuclei
What did Leeuwenhoek discover in a drop of water?
Protozoa, which he called animalcules or little beasties
Plant cells with chloroplasts
Red blood cells exclusively
Viruses visible to the naked eye
Match each scientist to the statement associated with the development of cell theory.
Matthias Schleiden (1838)
All plants are composed of cells
Theodore Schwann (1839)
All animals are composed of cells
Profession of Schleiden
German Botanist
Profession of Schwann
German Zoologist
Which statement is attributed to Matthias Schleiden, according to the slide On the road to the cell theory?
All animals are composed of cells
All plants are composed of cells
Cells arise from pre-existing cells
Cells are empty chambers
In 1855, which scientist said that cells could only arise from preexisting cells?
Rudolph Virchow
Robert Hooke
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Theodor Schwann
According to the 1855 statement shown, new cells arise from what?
preexisting cells
nonliving matter
spontaneous generation
inorganic molecules
Which statement is included in the Cell Theory as shown?
All living things are composed of cells.
All living things are composed of tissues only.
Cells are optional structures in living things.
Only animals have cells.
According to the Cell Theory list shown, cells are the basic units of what in living things?
structure and function
heredity only
photosynthesis
nonliving matter
According to the Cell Theory list shown, new cells are produced from what?
existing cells
sunlight
carbohydrates
rocks
Heterotrophs are described as what in the energy requirements slide?
consumers
producers
decomposers
autotrophs
How do heterotrophs obtain energy, according to the slide?
They cannot make their own food.
They make their own food.
They store sunlight directly.
They produce chlorophyll.
Which examples are listed for heterotrophs in the slide?
all animals and fungi
all plants and fungi
some bacteria and plants
all protists and plants
Autotrophs are described as what in the slide?
producers
consumers
omnivores
decomposers
Which groups are listed as examples of autotrophs in the slide? Select all that apply.
all green plants
some protists
some bacteria
all animals
Autotrophs can make their own food and are not dependent on what for their food?
outside sources
water
sunlight
minerals
In the homeostasis slide, homeostasis is described as what?
maintain balance
cell division
energy production
movement
According to the ingestion section, what is ingestion?
the taking in of food and water
breaking down food
removal of wastes
transport of gases
According to the digestion section, what is digestion?
breaking down food into small molecules that can be used by the cell
taking in water
forming new cells
excreting wastes
Match each term with its definition based on the four-panel slide that shows: a micrograph of a cell labeled Cyclosis; an image of power lines next to Respiration; blue-tinted cells next to Biosynthesis; and a droplet scene next to Excretion.
Cyclosis
The movement of materials inside a cell
Respiration
Burning food for energy; the release of energy from food
Biosynthesis
Using the energy from food for growth and repair
Excretion
The removal of liquid waste from the cell
According to the slide with a labeled cell diagram and the heading Egestion, which process is defined as the removal of solid waste from the cell?
Egestion
Excretion
Respiration
Movement
According to the reproduction slide showing a sperm near an egg and a hydra, which type of reproduction uses sex cells, also called gametes?
Sexual reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Irritability
Secretion
According to the reproduction slide, which option matches the description “…or asexual. (autosomes) aka somatic”?
Asexual reproduction involves somatic cells rather than gametes
Sexual reproduction uses autosomes instead of gametes
Irritability describes asexual cell division
Secretion is another term for sexual reproduction
On the slide that shows a plant sprig and the heading Irritability, what does irritability mean?
Responding to a stimulus
Using food energy for growth and repair
Burning food for energy
The removal of liquid waste from the cell
On the slide that shows a snail trail under the heading Secretion, which statement best defines secretion?
A made substance in one place, but used in another
The movement of materials inside a cell
The removal of solid waste from the cell
A response to a stimulus
Select all statements that describe prokaryotic cells as shown on the Prokaryotic Cells slide with a single rod‑shaped cell image.
They lack a nucleus and membrane‑bound organelles
Their DNA is not inside a nucleus and is not separated by a membrane
They are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells
They contain mitochondria and chloroplasts
According to the slide, prokaryotic cells have a cell wall made of which material?
Peptidoglycan
Cellulose
Chitin
Lignin
According to the slide, bacteria are what type of cells?
Prokaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Acellular particles
Which structures are stated to be present in prokaryotic cells on the slide?
Cell membranes and ribosomes
Only cell walls
Only nuclei and chloroplasts
Only mitochondria
Match each prokaryotic structure to its description as shown in the diagram of a bacterium.
DNA
Genetic information not enclosed (nucleoid)
Ribosomes
Not membrane bound; produce protein
Cell wall
Made of peptidoglycan
Cell membrane
Regulates what goes in and out of the cell
Flagella
Made of protein tubulin for movement
Which hairlike structure allows prokaryotes to stick to surfaces, as labeled on the bacterium diagram?
Pili
Flagella
Cilia
Capsule
According to the Endosymbiotic Theory shown, what happened to the mitochondria and chloroplast?
They were once simple prokaryotes that were engulfed by larger prokaryotes and survived inside them.
They formed directly from the infolding of the plasma membrane that created the nucleus.
They are modified ribosomes that became membrane‑bound over time.
They developed from pieces of the cell wall that detached and became organelles.
Select the organelles that contain their own DNA, as emphasized in the Endosymbiotic Theory slide.
Mitochondria
Chloroplast
Golgi apparatus
Ribosomes
What key feature do eukaryotic cells contain that is kept separate from the rest of the cell?
A nucleus
Naked DNA in a nucleoid
No membrane‑bound organelles
Peptidoglycan sac
Which groups have eukaryotic cells, as listed on the slide? Select all that apply.
Plants
Animals
Most protists
Fungi
Bacteria
Which features are shared by all cells, according to the slide with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Select all that apply.
A cell membrane
DNA
Chloroplasts
A nucleus
Cells are classified into two broad groups depending on whether or not they contain which structure?
A nucleus
A cell wall
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Match each cell term to its description from the animal cell slide.
Organelles
Specialized structures found within a cell; each has a specific job or function
Nucleus
The control center of the cell
Cytoplasm
The portion of the cell outside of the nucleus
Which statement best describes the nucleus according to the passage: “The nucleus is the control center of the cell” and “The nucleus contains nearly all of the cell’s DNA”?
It stores most genetic material and directs cell functions
It digests waste and stores water
It packages proteins for secretion only
It produces ATP for the cell exclusively
According to the description, what is the primary function of the pores in the nuclear membrane?
They allow materials to move into and out of the nucleus
They attach ribosomes to the outer membrane
They create ATP for nuclear reactions
They permanently seal the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Which molecules are specifically stated to be contained in the nucleus?
Nearly all of the cell’s DNA
Most of the cell’s RNA only
Only proteins used in ribosomes
Only lipids and carbohydrates
What are the two functions of chromosomes as described?
Contain genetic information passed from one generation to the next
Control the cell’s activities
Provide structural support to the cell membrane only
Store energy as ATP
What is the nucleoplasm?
The semi-liquid portion inside the nucleus
The double membrane surrounding the nucleus
The protein complex that makes ATP
The space between the cell membrane and the wall
What does the nucleolus manufacture?
The subunits that make up ribosomes
Stacks of flattened membranes that sort proteins
Pigments for photosynthesis
Microtubules for cell division
How many subunits are described for a ribosome, and what happens to them after leaving the nucleus?
Two subunits; they pass through nuclear pores to the cytoplasm where they combine to form ribosomes
Three subunits; they remain inside the nucleus to make ribosomes
One subunit; it attaches to the nuclear membrane permanently
Four subunits; they fuse with the Golgi apparatus
Which statements are identified as functions of the nucleus?
Carrier of genetic information because genes are found there
Controls the reproduction of the cell
Directs protein synthesis by sending messages to ribosomes
Stores digestive enzymes to break down waste
Which single role best summarizes why the nucleus is called the cell’s control center in the material presented?
It houses genetic information and directs cell activities
It provides structural support to the plasma membrane
It synthesizes ATP for energy
It regulates water balance by storing fluid
Ribosomes may be found free floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Where else, besides the cytoplasm, are ribosomes commonly found attached in a cell?
To the nuclear pore
To the endoplasmic reticulum
To the cell wall
To mitochondria
What is the primary function of ribosomes in cells?
Energy production
Protein synthesis
Lipid storage
DNA replication
According to the slide, which organelle is the most numerous in the cell?
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Golgi apparatus
Lysosomes
The internal membrane system of a cell is known by what term?
Golgi complex
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Cytoskeleton
What two structures does the endoplasmic reticulum connect in a cell?
Cell wall and plasma membrane
Mitochondria and chloroplasts
Nuclear membrane and cell membrane
Ribosomes and lysosomes
How extensive is the endoplasmic reticulum within the cell, according to the slide?
It forms a small fraction of cellular membranes
It accounts for more than half of the total membrane in a cell
It is limited to the nuclear region only
It exists only in prokaryotic cells
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum lacks ribosomes?
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi endoplasmic reticulum
Vesicular reticulum
What is a primary function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum listed on the slide?
Generate ATP for the cell
Make lipids used in the cell membrane
Synthesize DNA for the nucleus
Package proteins for secretion
Which statement best describes the role of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in protein handling?
It stores finished proteins for long-term use
It breaks down proteins into amino acids
It has ribosomes and is involved in making proteins
It exports proteins directly through the plasma membrane
After proteins are made on ribosomes, what occurs within the spaces of the endoplasmic reticulum according to the slide?
They are digested and recycled
They are modified and shaped into functioning proteins
They are immediately secreted outside the cell
They are converted into lipids
Which description best matches the appearance of the Golgi apparatus in the slide?
A stack of loosely connected membranes
A single spherical sac with a thick wall
A network of microtubules radiating from a center
A double membrane organelle with cristae
What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus as stated on the slide?
Replicate DNA and divide the nucleus
Modify, sort, and package proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum
Generate ATP through aerobic respiration
Assemble ribosomes from rRNA
According to the slide, what are two possible final destinations for proteins after processing in the Golgi apparatus?
Stored inside the cell or secreted to the outside
Inserted into the DNA or RNA
Broken down by lysosomes or peroxisomes
Sent to chloroplasts or mitochondria
How are vesicles defined on the slide?
Large rigid tubes with a double membrane
Small spherical sacs with a single membrane
Dense protein filaments without membranes
Open channels that connect organelles
Which of the following are listed as types of vesicles on the slide? Select all that apply.
Lysosomes
Peroxisomes
Glyoxysomes
Endosomes
Ribosomes
Nucleus control center of the cell
Selectively Permeable golgi apparatus
Non Permeable membrane
Simple Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
When the concentration of solutes on both sides of a membrane is the SAME, the solution is
A solution is considered hypertonic to the cell if it has....
A higher amount of water compared to the cell.
A higher amount of solute compared to the cell.
A lower amount of solute compared to the cell.
Simple Diffusion
When molecules passively cross the plasma membrane through the phospholipid bilayer
Facilitated Diffusion
When molecules passively cross the plasma membrane through a channel protein
Osmosis
The movement of water across the cell membrane
Endocytosis
Bringing in large materials through the cell membrane into a vacuole.
Exocytosis
Moving larger amounts or large quantities of materials through the cell membrane
Hypertonic
The solution contains a high concentration of solute an and low concentration of water
Hypotonic
The solution contains a low concentration of solute an and high concentration of water
Isotonic
The solution has an equal concentration of solute and water compared to the inside of the cell
This a picture of an animal and plant cell placed in a solution. Describe the solution?
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
What do you think will not allow the turgid plant cell to burst?
chloroplast
cell membrane
cell wall
central vacuole
What part of the cell regulates what can enter and leave the cell?
The cell expanded in size to the point of lysing (bursting), which means it was placed in a ____ solution.
Isotonic
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
The outward pressure of a cell against the cell wall.
trench pressure
tumor pressure
turgor pressure
tronic pressure
movement of larger materials against the concentration gradient requiring more energy
active tranport
dynamic equilibrium
passive transport
osmosis
“Cell Drinking”
cell membrane forms small pocket that encloses molecules too large to pass through membrane is called
active transport
diffusion
phagocytosis
pinocytosis
“Cell Eating”
Large molecules are taken into cell. Pseudopods are used to engulf large materials is called
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
plasmolysis
cytolysis
wastes and other materials exiting/leaving the cell is called
endocytosis
exocytosis
phagocytosis
plasmotosis
In a HYPERTONIC solution, the cell will undergo _____.
cytolysis (swelling/bursting)
plasymolysis (shrinking)
nothing - it will retain it's normal cell shape
isolysis (shrinking then bursting)
When a cell takes in SOLID particles by endocytosis this is known as:
isocytosis
exocytosis
pinocytosis
phagocytosis
This organelle digests old cell parts and waste:
lysosome
chloroplast
plasma membrane
ribosome
If a cell is in a HYPOTONIC solution, it will undergo____.
isolysis (shrinking then swelling)
plasmolysis (shrinking)
cytolysis (swelling/bursting)
Nothing, the cell will retain it's normal shape.
