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WorksheetsLymphatic System Worksheet
Total questions: 99
Worksheet time: 50mins
Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system?
Fluid Balance
Fat Absorption
Defense
Oxygen Transport
Fill in the blank: The fluid that enters lymphatic capillaries is called _____
lymph
plasma
serum
interstitial fluid
Which vessels absorb lipids from the digestive tract and are called lacteals?
Lymphatic vessels
Blood vessels
Capillaries
Veins
Which of the following is NOT a component of the lymphatic system?
Lymphatic Vessels
Lymphatic Ducts
Kidneys
Spleen
Lymphatic capillaries are tiny, closed-ended vessels that allow fluid to move easily into capillaries.
True
False
Which organ filters pathogens and other foreign substances from lymph?
Lymph nodes
Kidneys
Liver
Spleen
What is the name of the fluid absorbed by lacteals and carried to the venous circulation?
chyle
plasma
lymph
bile
Which of the following is a function of valves in lymphatic capillaries?
To allow fluid in and prevent backflow
To absorb nutrients
To produce hormones
To transport oxygen
Which of the following is NOT a function that helps lymph move forward in lymphatic vessels?
Contraction of surrounding skeletal muscles
Contraction of smooth muscle in lymphatic vessels
Pressure changes in the thorax during breathing
Contraction of cardiac muscle
The right lymphatic duct empties into which vein?
Left subclavian vein
Right subclavian vein
Jugular vein
Femoral vein
The thoracic duct collects lymph from the remaining lymphatic vessels which do not enter the right and empties into the _________?
left subclavian vein
right subclavian vein
left jugular vein
right jugular vein
Match the following tonsils with their locations:
Near internal opening of nasal cavity
Palatine Tonsil
On each side of oral cavity
Pharyngeal Tonsil
Posterior surface of tongue
Lingual Tonsil
Waldeyer’s Ring forms a protective ring of lymphatic tissue around nasal and oral cavities.
True
False
Which of the following is NOT a superficial aggregation of lymph nodes?
Cervical nodes in the neck
Axillary nodes in the axilla
Inguinal nodes in the groin
Popliteal nodes in the knee
Fill in the blank: Lymph passes through ________ before entering blood.
lymph nodes
arteries
veins
capillaries
Which lymphatic organ is located on the posterior surface of the tongue?
Palatine Tonsil
Pharyngeal Tonsil
Lingual Tonsil
Thymus
What is the function of the capsule in a lymph node?
It produces lymphocytes
It surrounds each lymph node with dense connective tissue
It destroys old red blood cells
It filters blood
Fill in the blank: The extensions of the capsule called ______ divide the lymph node into compartments.
trabeculae
follicles
sinuses
cortex
Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?
Filters blood
Destroys old red blood cells
Produces insulin
Serves as a blood reservoir
The spleen is located in the ______, superior corner of the abdomen.
left
right
lower
central
Which tissue type in the spleen surrounds arteries and can be stimulated to produce more lymphocytes?
Red pulp
White pulp
Germinal center
Cortex
Red pulp in the spleen contains macrophages and red blood cells that connect to veins and filters out foreign substances.
True
False
What is the function of germinal centers in lymph nodes?
Lymphatic nodules containing the rapidly dividing lymphocytes.
Production of red blood cells.
Filtration of blood plasma.
Storage of platelets.
The thymus is a ______ gland located in the mediastinum behind the sternum.
bilobed
trilobed
unilobed
multilobed
Which hormone influences the production and maturation of T lymphocytes in the thymus?
Insulin
Thymosin
Adrenaline
Cortisol
Production of T cells in the thymus ______ later in life.
declines
increases
remains constant
accelerates
What is immunity?
The ability to resist damage from foreign substances
The ability to produce energy
The ability to digest food
The ability to move
Fill in the blank: Immunity can protect against ________, toxins, and cancer cells.
microbes
vitamins
hormones
enzymes
Which of the following is NOT a type of immunity?
Innate (nonspecific resistance)
Adaptive (specific immunity)
Passive immunity
Both A and B are types of immunity
Fill in the blank: Innate immunity is ________ at birth.
present
absent
acquired
developed
Which of the following is a characteristic of adaptive immunity?
Present at birth
Slower than innate immunity
Does not use lymphocytes
No specificity
Fill in the blank: Adaptive immunity uses ________ (B and T cells).
lymphocytes
erythrocytes
platelets
macrophages
Which of the following is a physical barrier in innate immunity?
Skin
White blood cells
Interferon
Antibodies
Fill in the blank: Tears, saliva, and urine wash away ________ and toxins.
pathogens
nutrients
hormones
vitamins
Chemical mediators are chemicals that can kill ________ and prevent their entry into cells.
microbes
enzymes
hormones
vitamins
Lysozyme is found in tears and saliva to kill ________.
bacteria
viruses
fungi
protozoa
Mucous membranes prevent entry of ________.
microbes
nutrients
oxygen
hormones
Which of the following promotes inflammation by causing vasodilation and increasing vascular permeability?
Lysozyme
Histamine, complement, prostaglandins, and leukotrienes
White blood cells
Mucous membranes
Fill in the blank: A group of over 20 proteins found in blood plasma is called ________.
complement
hemoglobin
albumin
fibrinogen
Interferon proteins protect the body against ________ infections.
viral
bacterial
fungal
parasitic
White blood cells are produced in ________ and lymphatic tissues.
red bone marrow
yellow bone marrow
cartilage
muscle tissue
Which chemicals are released by pathogens and damaged tissues that attract WBCs to leave the blood and enter affected tissues?
Antibodies
Chemicals: Complement, Leukotrienes, Kinins, and Histamine
Enzymes
Hormones
What is chemotaxis?
Movement of red blood cells towards chemicals
Movement of white blood cells (WBC) towards chemicals
Movement of platelets towards chemicals
Movement of plasma towards chemicals
Monocytes and macrophages form the ________ phagocytic system.
mononuclear
polymorphonuclear
granular
lymphoid
Given specific names for certain areas of the body, match the following:
Central Nervous System
B
Liver
C
Lungs
A
The most important phagocytes are ________ and ________.
neutrophils and macrophages
lymphocytes and basophils
eosinophils and platelets
monocytes and erythrocytes
Neutrophils are the first to respond to infection but die quickly.
True
False
What is pus composed of?
Only bacteria
Only plasma
An accumulation of fluid, dead neutrophils, and other cells at the site of an infection
Only red blood cells
Basophils are made in the ________.
red bone marrow
liver
spleen
thymus
Mast cells are nonmotile cells in ________ tissue.
connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous
Eosinophils release chemicals to reduce inflammation associated with ________ and ________.
allergies and asthma
bacterial infections and fever
viral infections and cancer
arthritis and diabetes
Natural Killer (NK) cells recognize general classes of cells such as tumor cells or virus infected cells and release chemicals which ________ cells.
lyse
repair
nourish
divide
Local inflammation is confined to a specific area of the body.
True
False
Systemic inflammation occurs all over the body.
True
False
What is the ability to recognize a particular substance in the immune system called?
Specificity
Immunity
Tolerance
Resistance
Which type of immunity involves B cells becoming plasma cells that produce antibodies in response to an antigen?
Cell-mediated Immunity
Antibody-mediated Immunity
Innate Immunity
Passive Immunity
Which cells destroy virus-infected cells, tumor cells, and tissue transplants?
Helper T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
B cells
Memory cells
Foreign antigens come from outside the body and may cause an allergic reaction.
True
False
What is the molecule produced by the person’s body that identifies body cells as part of 'self'?
Self-antigen
Antibody
Pathogen
Hormone
What is the process called when small groups of identical B cells or T cells are formed during embryonic development?
Clones
Mutation
Apoptosis
Differentiation
Which of the following is NOT an example of a foreign antigen?
Bacteria
Virus
Self-antigen
Pollen
Where do B cells mature?
Thymus gland
Red bone marrow
Lymph node
Spleen
Which cells have antigen receptors on their surface?
Red blood cells
Lymphocytes
Platelets
Macrophages
What do B-cell receptors bind to?
T cells
Specific antigens
Cytokines
Macrophages
Fill in the blank: When antigen receptors combine with the antigen, the lymphocyte is activated and _______ immunity begins.
adaptive
innate
passive
cellular
Which molecule binds to antigen receptor on B or T cells and stimulates response?
Cytokine
Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)
Antibody
CD4
How many classes of MHC molecules are there?
One
Two
Three
Four
Class I MHC molecules are found on the cell membranes of most nucleated cells and display ______ antigens.
internal
external
bacterial
viral
Which cells are considered antigen-presenting cells?
Red blood cells
Macrophages, B cells, and other defense cells
Platelets
Neurons
What is the function of Helper T cells with CD4?
Connect helper T cells to a macrophage by binding to MHC class II molecules
Produce antibodies
Stimulate platelets
Bind to toxins
Which type of immunity is effective against antigens in body fluids and uses B cells to produce antibodies?
Cell-mediated immunity
Antibody-mediated immunity
Innate immunity
Passive immunity
What is the function of the variable region (V of Y)?
Bind to epitopes of antigen using antigen-binding site
Bind to cytokines
Bind to MHC molecules
Bind to CD4
Which antibody type is present at 80 to 85% in serum and can cross the placenta to provide protection to the fetus?
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgE
Match the following antibody types with their properties:
First antibody produced in response to an antigen
IgM
Found in colostrum and milk
IgA
Stimulates inflammatory response
IgE
Functions as antigen-binding receptor on B cells
IgD
Can cross the placenta
IgG
Which antibody type is responsible for transfusion reactions in the ABO blood system?
IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE
Which antibody type is secreted into saliva, tears, and onto mucous membranes to protect body surfaces?
IgA
IgG
IgM
IgE
Which antibody type binds to mast cells and basophils and stimulates the inflammatory response?
IgE
IgA
IgG
IgM
Which antibody type functions as an antigen-binding receptor on B cells and is present at 0.2% in serum?
IgD
IgG
IgA
IgM
Which antibody class has the highest number of 'arms' or binding sites?
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE
IgD
What is the effect of an antibody binding to an antigen?
Inactivates antigen
Activates antigen
Destroys antigen
No effect
What happens when antibodies bind several antigens together?
Antibodies bind several antigens together, causing agglutination.
Antibodies bind several antigens together, causing precipitation.
Antibodies bind several antigens together, causing neutralization.
Antibodies bind several antigens together, causing lysis.
What is activated when an antigen binds to an antibody, leading to inflammation, chemotaxis, and lysis?
Complement cascade
Cell-mediated immunity
Phagocytosis
Antigen presentation
What happens when an antibody binds to a mast cell or a basophil?
It triggers the release of chemicals that cause inflammation.
It causes the cell to divide rapidly.
It destroys the cell immediately.
It prevents the cell from functioning.
How does an antibody facilitate phagocytosis?
An antibody binds to an antigen and then to a macrophage which phagocytizes the antibody and antigen.
An antibody destroys the antigen directly without involving macrophages.
An antibody converts the antigen into a harmless substance.
An antibody prevents the antigen from entering the body cells.
What is the primary response in antibody production?
The primary response results from the first exposure of a B cell to an antigen. The B cell undergoes division and forms plasma cells and memory cells.
The primary response occurs after repeated exposure to the same antigen, leading to a faster and stronger reaction.
The primary response involves only the production of memory cells without plasma cells.
The primary response is triggered by T cells rather than B cells.
Plasma cells are responsible for producing ________.
antibodies
hormones
enzymes
red blood cells
How long does it normally take for the primary response to produce enough antibodies to be effective against an antigen?
3 to 14 days
1 to 2 hours
30 to 60 days
less than 1 day
The secondary response involves which type of cells?
Memory cells
Plasma cells
Helper T cells
Macrophages
The secondary response occurs when the immune system is exposed to an antigen that has been seen before.
True
False
What is the role of memory B cells in secondary production?
Memory B cells are responsible for the secondary response. When exposed to the antigen, they quickly divide to form plasma cells which produce antibodies.
Memory B cells directly attack pathogens without producing antibodies.
Memory B cells suppress the immune response to prevent overreaction.
Memory B cells only function during the primary immune response and are inactive during secondary response.
An MHC class I molecule displays an antigen, such as a viral protein, on the surface of a target cell. What is the role of the MHC class I molecule in cell-mediated immunity?
It presents antigens to cytotoxic T cells, enabling them to recognize and destroy infected cells.
It helps B cells produce antibodies against the antigen.
It activates helper T cells to stimulate immune responses.
It prevents the immune system from attacking healthy cells.
The activation of a cytotoxic T-cell begins when the T-cell receptor binds to the MHC class I/antigen complex. What is the next step in the activation process?
The cytotoxic T-cell receives a co-stimulatory signal from an antigen-presenting cell.
The cytotoxic T-cell releases antibodies into the bloodstream.
The cytotoxic T-cell engulfs the antigen-presenting cell.
The cytotoxic T-cell differentiates into a helper T-cell.
What is released from helper T cells to further stimulate the cytotoxic T cell?
Interleukin-2
Histamine
Antibodies
Insulin
The significance of this process is:
It enables the conversion of energy for cellular activities.
It provides structural support to cells.
It is responsible for genetic variation.
It aids in the transport of nutrients.
Which type of T cell activates macrophages and helps B cells promote production of cytotoxic T cells?
Cytotoxic T cells
Regulatory T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
Which type of T cell destroys antigen in contact?
Helper T cells
Regulatory T cells
Cytotoxic T cells
Memory T cells
Which type of T cell turns off the immune system response when the antigen is gone?
Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Regulatory T cells
Memory T cells
Which type of T cell provides a secondary response?
Cytotoxic T cells
Helper T cells
Memory T cells
Regulatory T cells
What is the difference between Active Natural Immunity and Passive Natural Immunity?
Active Natural Immunity involves natural exposure to antigens causing production of antibodies, while Passive Natural Immunity involves antibodies being transferred from mother to child across the placenta before birth.
Active Natural Immunity involves receiving antibodies from another person, while Passive Natural Immunity involves producing antibodies after vaccination.
Active Natural Immunity is only acquired through vaccines, while Passive Natural Immunity is acquired through illness.
Active Natural Immunity involves antibodies being transferred from mother to child, while Passive Natural Immunity involves natural exposure to antigens.
