WorksheetsGeneral Biology Semester 1 Final Exam Review SCERBA
Total questions: 95
Worksheet time: 59mins
Identify the characteristic of life being described: "A bacterium copies its DNA before it divides to make more bacteria."
Reproduce
Energy/Metabolism
Evolution
Homeostasis
Which characteristic of life is demonstrated when a caterpillar forms a cocoon on a branch and later emerges as a moth?
Genetic Code
Grow/Develop
Cells
Respond
What characteristic of life is demonstrated when a jellyfish stings fish that get near its tentacles and then consumes the fish?
Energy/Metabolism
Evolution
Homeostasis
Reproduce
According to a fossil record, ancestral horses were once no larger than a golden retriever. Which characteristic of life does this represent?
Evolution
Cells
Respond
Genetic Code
A plant bends toward the light and uses energy from the sun to grow new parts. What characteristic of life is this?
Respond
Homeostasis
Grow/Develop
Reproduce
The amoeba is a unicellular organism that eats smaller organisms. Which characteristic of life does this describe?
Cells
Energy/Metabolism
Evolution
Homeostasis
Which of the following is an example of a quantitative observation?
The dog is very fluffy.
Amy is 62 inches tall.
Students were very loud in the library today.
The dog is very playful.
Which of the following is an example of a qualitative observation?
The lizard was 12 grams.
The dog is very fluffy.
Amy is 62 inches tall.
The temperature is 25°C.
What is the independent variable in an experiment?
The variable that is measured as it changes in response to another variable.
The variable that stays the same throughout the experiment.
The variable that is manipulated or changed by the experimenter.
The variable that goes on the Y (vertical) axis.
Where does the dependent variable go on a graph?
On the X (horizontal) axis.
On the Y (vertical) axis.
On both axes.
It does not appear on a graph.
Which of the following is an example of a constant variable in an experiment?
The brand of stapler used in a test.
The exposure to pesticide in a test.
The temperature of the room during the experiment.
The number of times a stapler jams during a test.
Why do scientists repeat experiments?
To test the validity and accuracy of their results.
To manipulate the independent variable further.
To change the dependent variable.
To avoid using constant variables.
What is a possible hypothesis for an experiment testing the effect of fertilizer on pumpkin growth?
If more fertilizer is added to the soil, the plant will produce fewer pumpkins.
If less fertilizer is added to the soil, the plant will produce more pumpkins.
If more fertilizer is added to the soil, the plant will produce more pumpkins.
If less fertilizer is added to the soil, the plant will produce the same number of pumpkins.
In a scenario where two cars are traveling at 60 mph and their stopping distances are measured, what is the independent variable?
The speed of the cars.
The distance it takes for each car to stop.
The type of brakes used.
The two different cars.
In a scenario where cockroaches are exposed to a pesticide, what is the dependent variable?
The type of pesticide used.
The exposure to pesticide.
The death of insects.
The time taken for the experiment.
What is the independent variable in a pumpkin experiment where different amounts of fertilizer are used to grow pumpkins to see if pumpkins grow taller faster?
Amount of water given daily (mL)
Amount of sunlight
Amount of fertilizer given (g)
Type of soil
Which macromolecule stores and transmits genetic information?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Which macromolecule is the main source of energy and provides structure in plants?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Which macromolecule is responsible for long-term energy storage and insulation?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Which macromolecule speeds up chemical reactions and is involved in immunity?
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic acids
What is the purpose of a control group in an experiment?
To introduce new variables for testing
To serve as baseline data for comparison
To ensure the experiment is biased
To eliminate the need for a hypothesis
What is homeostasis?
The process by which organisms grow and reproduce
The process where a biological system reacts to changes in the external environment to maintain a stable internal environment
The process of energy transfer in ecosystems
The process of breaking down food for energy
Which feedback loop moves the system back to normal to maintain homeostasis?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Neutral feedback
Amplified feedback
Which feedback loop amplifies or moves the system further in one direction?
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Neutral feedback
Stabilizing feedback
Identify the following as either positive or negative feedback: "As the Earth's temperature increases, bogs and permafrost in the Arctic begin to thaw, releasing greenhouse gases. These greenhouse gases released contribute to the Earth warming even more."
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Neutral feedback
Stabilizing feedback
Identify the following as either positive or negative feedback: "When you get too cold, your body will shiver to heat up, and your blood vessels will constrict (get smaller)."
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Neutral feedback
Amplified feedback
Identify the following as either positive or negative feedback: "When glucose (blood sugar) levels are high, the pancreas secretes a hormone to lower glucose in the bloodstream."
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Neutral feedback
Amplified feedback
Which of the following is an example of a biotic factor in an ocean ecosystem?
Water
Oxygen
Shrimp
Salt
What is the main energy source for life on Earth?
Water
Sun
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
What process allows autotrophs to convert light energy into carbohydrates?
Respiration
Photosynthesis
Decomposition
Fermentation
Which organisms break down organic matter in ecosystems?
Producers
Herbivores
Decomposers
Carnivores
What are organisms called that rely on other organisms for their food?
Autotrophs
Producers
Heterotrophs
Decomposers
Which organisms obtain their energy by eating only plants?
Carnivores
Herbivores
Omnivores
Decomposers
What are organisms called that eat both plants and animals?
Herbivores
Carnivores
Omnivores
Producers
Which are the producers?
Bees, deer, mice
Oak tree (blossoms, nuts, bark, leaves)
Bear, wolf, red fox
Skunk, toad, birds
Which are the carnivores?
Bear, wolf, red fox, birds, toad, skunk
Bees, deer, mice, rabbit, insects
Oak tree (blossoms, nuts, bark, leaves)
Skunk, toad, bees, deer
What do the arrows represent in the food web?
The direction of water flow in the ecosystem
Who is eating who AND the flow of energy from one organism to another
The migration patterns of animals
The growth rate of producers
What happens to energy as it moves through the food chain/web?
It increases - more energy is available at higher trophic levels
It remains constant throughout the food chain
It decreases - less energy is available for each successive trophic level
It is completely lost at each trophic level
Assume there is 10,000 kcal of energy in the leaves. Estimate the amount of energy in each trophic level. Write this number on the right of the pyramid.
10,000 kcal, 1,000 kcal, 100 kcal, 10 kcal, 1 kcal
10,000 kcal, 5,000 kcal, 2,500 kcal, 1,250 kcal, 625 kcal
10,000 kcal, 2,000 kcal, 400 kcal, 80 kcal, 16 kcal
10,000 kcal, 500 kcal, 50 kcal, 5 kcal, 0.5 kcal
Only 10% of energy is passed from one trophic level to the next. What happens to the energy that is not passed on?
It is stored in the organism's body indefinitely
It is used for the organism’s life processes and the rest is released as heat
It is converted into new organisms at the next trophic level
It disappears completely from the ecosystem
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
CO₂ + H₂O + Sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂
O₂ + Sugar → Energy + H₂O + CO₂
CO₂ + Sugar → Energy + H₂O + O₂
O₂ + H₂O + Sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + CO₂
Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell?
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Ribosomes
What factors influence the rate of photosynthesis?
Amount of O₂
Water, light intensity, and CO₂ levels
Sugar concentration
Temperature only
What is ultimately made during cellular respiration?
Glucose (food)
Energy
Oxygen
Water
Who performs cellular respiration?
Only plants
Only animals
All living things - plants and animals
Only autotrophs
What process allows an organism to make its own food, and what are the products of this process?
Photosynthesis; Glucose, Oxygen
Cellular respiration; Energy, Carbon dioxide
Decomposition; Organic waste
Combustion; Carbon dioxide, Water
What process do consumers use to get energy, and what are the products of this process?
Photosynthesis; Glucose, Oxygen
Cellular respiration; Energy, Carbon dioxide, Water
Combustion; Carbon dioxide, Water
Decomposition; Organic waste
What are fossil fuels, and what happens when they are burned?
Coal, oil, and natural gas; They release energy and oxygen into the atmosphere.
Coal, oil, and natural gas; They release large amounts of energy and carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming.
Coal, oil, and natural gas; They release water and energy into the atmosphere.
Coal, oil, and natural gas; They release oxygen and nitrogen into the atmosphere.
How are humans impacting the carbon cycle, and what is happening to the Earth as a result?
Humans are planting more trees, reducing carbon dioxide levels and cooling the Earth.
Humans are burning fossil fuels, releasing stored carbon into the atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change.
Humans are using renewable energy, reducing carbon emissions and stabilizing the climate.
Humans are increasing photosynthesis, reducing carbon dioxide levels and preventing climate change.
Which of the following is a way humans impact the water cycle?
Removing large amounts of freshwater faster than nature can replace it
Increasing the rate of condensation in the atmosphere
Reducing the amount of precipitation globally
Enhancing the natural infiltration process
How does deforestation affect the water cycle?
It increases runoff and erosion while reducing transpiration
It enhances precipitation and infiltration
It decreases evaporation and condensation
It stabilizes the flow of rivers and streams
How do air pollutants affect precipitation in the water cycle?
They change the nature of precipitation
They increase the rate of evaporation
They reduce the amount of runoff
They enhance infiltration rates
What is the term for the maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can sustain?
Exponential growth
Logistic growth
Carrying capacity
Population density
Which type of growth curve represents a population with unlimited resources?
Logistic growth curve
Exponential growth curve
Linear growth curve
Stabilized growth curve
What type of growth curve is observed when a population is limited by factors such as carrying capacity?
Logistic growth curve
Exponential growth curve
Linear growth curve
Unrestricted growth curve
Which of the following is an example of a density-independent limiting factor?
Competition for food between two species
A severe flood causing a decline in the deer population
A contagious virus spreading in a dense bird population
Predation by a larger species
What type of limiting factor is described when a lion and a cheetah compete for the same niche, and the more aggressive lion survives?
Density-independent
Density-dependent
Abiotic factor
Exponential factor
Which of the following best describes mutualism?
A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed.
A relationship where both organisms benefit.
A relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected.
A relationship where organisms compete for the same resources.
What is an example of commensalism?
A tapeworm attaching to the intestinal wall of a dog.
A Komodo dragon biting a water buffalo to inject venom.
Cattle stirring up insects that are eaten by cattle egrets.
Lions and hyenas competing for the same food source.
What is the definition of a keystone species?
A species that competes for resources in an ecosystem.
A species whose removal negatively affects the diversity, stability, and trophic structure of an ecosystem.
A species that is immune to predators in its environment.
A species that survives by consuming other organisms.
Which of the following is an example of resource partitioning?
Hawks and owls eating small rodents but being active at different times of the day.
Lions and hyenas competing for the same food source.
Paramecium A and B competing for resources, with one species dying.
A Komodo dragon injecting venom into a water buffalo.
What happens in competitive exclusion?
Two species coexist by using resources at different times.
One species outcompetes another, leading to the extinction of the weaker species.
Both species benefit from their interaction.
One species benefits while the other is unaffected.
What happens if a population exceeds its carrying capacity, as described in the material?
The population stabilizes and remains constant.
The population decreases and resources are replenished.
The population outcompetes others, depleting resources and impacting ecosystems.
The population grows indefinitely without consequences.
What is the carrying capacity of an ecosystem?
The maximum number of organisms an area can support on a sustained basis
The total number of predators in an ecosystem
The amount of food available in an ecosystem
The number of species in an ecosystem
What is the current human population?
6 billion people
7 billion people
8 billion people
9 billion people
What is the difference between nonrenewable and renewable energy resources?
Nonrenewable resources can replenish themselves over time, renewable resources cannot.
Nonrenewable resources are finite and used faster than they are formed, renewable resources can replenish themselves over time.
Renewable resources are finite, nonrenewable resources are unlimited.
Renewable resources cannot be used up, nonrenewable resources can.
Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable energy resource?
Wind energy
Solar energy
Natural gas
Biomass
Which of the following is an example of a renewable energy resource?
Coal
Oil
Biomass
Natural gas
What is biodiversity?
The total variety of all organisms in the biosphere
The number of endangered species in an ecosystem
The population size of humans in the biosphere
The variety of plants in a specific region
Why is biodiversity important?
It supports the system for life on the planet, providing food, medicine, and filtering air/water.
It increases the population size of humans.
It reduces the number of invasive species.
It prevents climate change.
Which human activity has the largest impact on biodiversity loss?
Habitat loss
Overharvesting
Pollution
Climate change
What is an endangered species?
A species whose population size is increasing rapidly.
A species whose population size is declining and is at risk of extinction.
A species that thrives in new environments.
A species that has no natural predators.
What is an invasive species?
A species that thrives in its natural habitat.
A seemingly harmless plant or animal moved from its natural habitat that disrupts a healthy ecosystem.
A species that is endangered due to habitat loss.
A species that increases biodiversity.
Why do invasive species thrive in new environments?
They have natural predators that control their population.
They grow out of control due to lack of natural predators, reducing resources for native species.
They increase biodiversity by providing resources for native species.
They adapt to new environments by reducing their population size.
Which characteristic of life is shown when a plant bends toward a light source?
Homeostasis
Reproduce
Evolution
Response to stimuli
Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing long-term energy in animals?
Lipids
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Nucleic acids
What is the main role of decomposers in an ecosystem?
Hunting and eating other animals
Storing genetic information
Breaking down dead organisms and recycling nutrients
Producing food through photosynthesis
Waxes, oils and fats are examples of which macromolecule group?
What's the definition for protein
A type of large molecule that performs important functions inside living things.
A characteristic that all members of a species have.
The way something is shaped or constructed.
Any difference in traits between individual organisms.
Just under an orca's skin lies a thick layer of blubber. Blubber helps insulate a whale from heat loss. Based on this information, which biomolecule is blubber primarily made of?
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Deforestation causes an increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide
true
false
Which two of the following organisms are decomposers in this food web?
Water Mold
Shiner
golden algae
bacteria
Which two of the following organisms are primary consumers in this food web?
bacteria
copepod
water flea
black crappie
Which two of the following organisms are secondary consumers in this food web?
water flea
green algae
rotifer
black crappie
Which two arrows show matter moving from a producer to a primary consumer?
between the desert iguana and the kit fox
between the beavertail cactus and the desert woodrat
between the creosote bush and the desert iguana
between the rattlesnake and the mushroom
Consumer
a living thing that eats other living things
make their own food
break down dead material or wastes
omnivore
eats meat only
eats plants only
eats both meat and plants
carnivore
eats meat only
eats plants only
eats both meat and plants
herbivore
eats meat only
eats plants only
eats both meat and plants
Producer
a living thing that eats other living things
make their own food
break down dead material or wastes
Decomposer
a living thing that eats other living things
make their own food
break down dead material or wastes
The direction of the flow of energy comes from the Sun and it is transferred along the food chain through the consumers to the producers.
true
false
Is this food chain correct?
yes
no
