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Cellular respiration and metabolism worksheet (extracted)

Total questions: 117

Worksheet time: 59mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

In which cellular location does glycolysis occur?

a)

Mitochondrial matrix

b)

Cytosol

c)

Inner mitochondrial membrane

d)

Nucleus

2.

The net gain of ATP per glucose molecule in glycolysis is:

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

6 ATP

d)

8 ATP

3.

Which enzyme catalyzes the first step of glycolysis?

a)

Hexokinase

b)

Phosphofructokinase

c)

Aldolase

d)

Pyruvate kinase

4.

Glycolysis converts glucose into:

a)

Acetyl-CoA

b)

Pyruvate

c)

Lactate

d)

Ethanol

5.

The regulatory enzyme of glycolysis is:

a)

Hexokinase

b)

Phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1)

c)

Pyruvate kinase

d)

All of these

6.

How many NADH are produced per glucose in glycolysis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

7.

Substrate-level phosphorylation in glycolysis occurs at which step(s)?

a)

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate to 3-Phosphoglycerate

b)

Phosphoenolpyruvate to Pyruvate

c)

Both A and B

d)

Glucose to Glucose-6-phosphate

8.

Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA in the:

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Inner mitochondrial membrane

d)

Nucleus

9.

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex requires which cofactor?

a)

Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP)

b)

Lipoic acid

c)

Coenzyme A

d)

All of the above

10.

How many CO₂ molecules are released per pyruvate during its conversion to acetyl-CoA?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

11.

The Krebs cycle occurs in the:

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Inner mitochondrial membrane

d)

Nucleus

12.

The first product of the Krebs cycle is:

a)

Citrate

b)

Isocitrate

c)

α-Ketoglutarate

d)

Succinate

13.

How many NADH are produced per acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

14.

FADH₂ is produced in the Krebs cycle during the conversion of:

a)

Succinate to Fumarate

b)

Isocitrate to α-Ketoglutarate

c)

Malate to Oxaloacetate

d)

Citrate to Isocitrate

15.

GTP is produced in the Krebs cycle from:

a)

Succinyl-CoA to Succinate

b)

α-Ketoglutarate to Succinyl-CoA

c)

Succinate to Fumarate

d)

Fumarate to Malate

16.

Total ATP produced via substrate-level phosphorylation from one glucose (glycolysis + Krebs) is:

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

6 ATP

d)

8 ATP

17.

The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate is:

a)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

b)

Aconitase

c)

α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

d)

Succinate dehydrogenase

18.

The Krebs cycle is also called:

a)

Citric acid cycle

b)

Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle

c)

Both A and B

d)

Calvin cycle

19.

How many CO₂ molecules are released per acetyl-CoA in the Krebs cycle?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

20.

The electron transport chain is located in the:

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Inner mitochondrial membrane

d)

Outer mitochondrial membrane

21.

The final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration is:

a)

NAD⁺

b)

FAD

c)

Oxygen

d)

Cytochrome c

22.

Complex I of the ETC is also called:

a)

NADH dehydrogenase

b)

Succinate dehydrogenase

c)

Cytochrome bc₁ complex

d)

Cytochrome oxidase

23.

Complex II of the ETC is:

a)

Succinate dehydrogenase

b)

NADH dehydrogenase

c)

Cytochrome bc₁ complex

d)

Cytochrome oxidase

24.

Which complex does NOT pump protons?

a)

Complex I

b)

Complex II

c)

Complex III

d)

Complex IV

25.

Ubiquinone (CoQ) is:

a)

A protein complex

b)

A mobile lipid-soluble electron carrier

c)

A peripheral membrane protein

d)

An enzyme

26.

Cytochrome c is located in the:

a)

Intermembrane space

b)

Mitochondrial matrix

c)

Embedded in Complex III

d)

Outer membrane

27.

Complex IV of the ETC is:

a)

Cytochrome oxidase

b)

Succinate dehydrogenase

c)

NADH dehydrogenase

d)

ATP synthase

28.

Approximately how many protons are pumped by Complex I per NADH?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

d)

10

29.

The chemiosmotic hypothesis was proposed by:

a)

Peter Mitchell

b)

Hans Krebs

c)

Otto Warburg

d)

Louis Pasteur

30.

ATP synthase produces ATP when protons flow:

a)

From intermembrane space to matrix

b)

From matrix to intermembrane space

c)

From cytosol into nucleus

d)

From cytosol into mitochondrial matrix

31.

The approximate ATP yield from one NADH via oxidative phosphorylation is:

a)

1.5 ATP

b)

2.5 ATP

c)

3.5 ATP

d)

4.5 ATP

32.

The approximate ATP yield from one FADH2 via oxidative phosphorylation is:

a)

1.5 ATP

b)

2.5 ATP

c)

3.5 ATP

d)

4.5 ATP

33.

Cyanide inhibits respiration by binding to:

a)

Complex I

b)

Complex III

c)

Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase)

d)

ATP synthase

34.

Oligomycin inhibits:

a)

ATP synthase

b)

Complex I

c)

Complex III

d)

Cytochrome c

35.

DNP (2,4-dinitrophenol) is an uncoupler because it:

a)

Allows proton leak across the membrane

b)

Blocks electron transport

c)

Inhibits ATP synthase

d)

Binds oxygen

36.

Lactate fermentation occurs in:

a)

Yeast

b)

Human muscle cells under anaerobic conditions

c)

Plants

d)

Bacteria only

37.

Alcoholic fermentation produces:

a)

Ethanol and CO2

b)

Lactate

c)

Acetyl-CoA

d)

Oxaloacetate

38.

The main purpose of fermentation is to regenerate:

a)

ATP

b)

NAD+

c)

Oxygen

d)

Glucose

39.

How many ATP are produced from one FADH2?

a)

1.5 ATP

b)

2.5 ATP

c)

3.5 ATP

d)

4.5 ATP

40.

In the Krebs cycle, substrate-level phosphorylation occurs during:

a)

Succinyl-CoA to Succinate

b)

Succinate to Fumarate

c)

Malate to Oxaloacetate

d)

Citrate to Isocitrate

41.

Which molecule combines with oxaloacetate to start the Krebs cycle?

a)

Acetyl-CoA

b)

Pyruvate

c)

Citrate

d)

α-Ketoglutarate

42.

Aconitase converts citrate to:

a)

Isocitrate

b)

α-Ketoglutarate

c)

Succinate

d)

Malate

43.

How many ATP equivalents come from one NADH?

a)

1.5

b)

2.5

c)

3.5

d)

4.5

44.

Total ATP from one glucose in aerobic respiration is approximately:

a)

2 ATP

b)

36–38 ATP

c)

40–42 ATP

d)

30–32 ATP

45.

Which is NOT a product of glycolysis?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

ATP

c)

NADH

d)

FADH2

46.

In glycolysis, ATP is used in which steps?

a)

Glucose → Glucose-6-phosphate

b)

Fructose-6-phosphate → Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

c)

Both A and B

d)

1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate → 3-Phosphoglycerate

47.

The net equation of glycolysis is: Glucose + 2 NAD+ + 2 ADP + 2 Pi →

a)

2 Pyruvate + 2 NADH + 2 ATP + 2 H2O + 2 H+

b)

2 Lactate + 2 NAD+ + 2 ATP

c)

2 Ethanol + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

d)

2 Acetyl-CoA + 2 CO2 + 2 ATP

48.

Pyruvate kinase requires which ion?

a)

Mg2+

b)

Ca2+

c)

K+

d)

Na+

49.

Triose phosphate isomerase converts:

a)

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

b)

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate

c)

3-Phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate

d)

2-Phosphoglycerate to PEP

50.

α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex resembles:

a)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

b)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

c)

Succinate dehydrogenase

d)

Malate dehydrogenase

51.

How many GTP per glucose in Krebs?

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

d)

8

52.

Fumarate → Malate is catalyzed by:

a)

Fumarase

b)

Succinate dehydrogenase

c)

Malate dehydrogenase

d)

Aconitase

53.

Which Krebs enzyme is part of ETC?

a)

Succinate dehydrogenase

b)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

c)

Malate dehydrogenase

d)

Aconitase

54.

Total NADH per glucose (glycolysis + Krebs) is:

a)

2

b)

6

c)

8

d)

10

55.

Total FADH2 per glucose in Krebs is:

a)

2

b)

4

c)

6

d)

8

56.

Electrons from NADH enter ETC at:

a)

Complex I

b)

Complex II

c)

Complex III

d)

Complex IV

57.

Electrons from FADH2 enter ETC at:

a)

Complex II

b)

Complex I

c)

Complex III

d)

Complex IV

58.

Proton motive force drives:

a)

ATP synthesis

b)

NADH oxidation

c)

Substrate-level phosphorylation

d)

Glycolysis

59.

Antimycin A inhibits:

a)

Complex III

b)

Complex I

c)

Complex II

d)

Complex IV

60.

Protons needed for one ATP by ATP synthase:

a)

1 H+

b)

3 H+

c)

4 H+

d)

10 H+

61.

Which is NOT an ETC component?

a)

ATP synthase

b)

Cytochrome c

c)

Ubiquinone

d)

NADH dehydrogenase

62.

Oxygen’s role in respiration:

a)

Final electron acceptor

b)

Phosphorylate ADP

c)

Reduce NAD+

d)

Convert pyruvate

63.

Energy from ETC is used to:

a)

Pump protons

b)

Reduce oxygen

c)

Phosphorylate glucose

d)

Split water

64.

Aldolase splits fructose-1,6-bisphosphate into:

a)

DHAP and G3P

b)

3PG and 2PG

c)

Glucose and fructose

d)

Pyruvate and lactate

65.

Acetyl-CoA has how many carbons?

a)

2

b)

3

c)

4

d)

6

66.

Oxaloacetate carbons:

a)

4

b)

5

c)

6

d)

8

67.

Citrate carbons:

a)

6

b)

5

c)

4

d)

3

68.

Krebs starts with acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate →

a)

Citrate

b)

Isocitrate

c)

α-Ketoglutarate

d)

Succinate

69.

Mobile electron carrier in ETC:

a)

Cytochrome c

b)

Complex I

c)

Complex IV

d)

ATP synthase

70.

Malate → Oxaloacetate enzyme:

a)

Malate dehydrogenase

b)

Succinate dehydrogenase

c)

Fumarase

d)

Aconitase

71.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase regulation:

a)

Phosphorylation

b)

ATP levels

c)

NADH levels

d)

All of these

72.

Phosphoglycerate kinase step:

a)

1,3BPG → 3PG + ATP

b)

3PG → 2PG

c)

2PG → PEP

d)

PEP → Pyruvate

73.

Enolase catalyzes:

a)

2PG → PEP

b)

PEP → Pyruvate

c)

3PG → 2PG

d)

Glucose → G6P

74.

Intermediate in both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis:

a)

Oxaloacetate

b)

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

c)

Glucose-6-phosphate

d)

All of these

75.

ATP from glycolysis NADH via oxidative phosphorylation:

a)

2.5 or 3 ATP depending on shuttle

b)

5 ATP

c)

10 ATP

d)

15 ATP

76.

Glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle yields:

a)

FADH2 in mitochondria

b)

NADH in mitochondria

c)

ATP in cytosol

d)

GTP in matrix

77.

Malate-aspartate shuttle yields:

a)

NADH in mitochondria

b)

FADH2

c)

ATP

d)

GTP

78.

Alternative oxidase in plants:

a)

Produces heat, less ATP

b)

Increases ATP yield

c)

Blocks ETC

d)

Cyanide-sensitive

79.

ATP synthase consists of:

a)

F0 and F1

b)

α, β, γ subunits

c)

Proton channel and catalytic sites

d)

All of these

80.

Succinate → Fumarate enzyme:

a)

Succinate dehydrogenase

b)

Fumarase

c)

Malate dehydrogenase

d)

Aconitase

81.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase activated by:

a)

ADP and NAD+

b)

ATP and NADH

c)

Citrate

d)

Succinyl-CoA

82.

Which can enter Krebs?

a)

Pyruvate

b)

Fatty acids

c)

Amino acids

d)

All of the above

83.

Pasteur effect:

a)

Decreased fermentation in O2

b)

Increased glycolysis in anaerobiosis

c)

Inhibition of Krebs by ATP

d)

Stimulation of ETC by ADP

84.

Respiratory control ensures:

a)

ETC coupled to ATP synthesis

b)

Glycolysis always active

c)

Fermentation without O2

d)

Krebs runs continuously

85.

Glucose-6-phosphate → Fructose-6-phosphate enzyme:

a)

Phosphoglucoisomerase

b)

Phosphofructokinase

c)

Aldolase

d)

Triose phosphate isomerase

86.

Irreversible steps in glycolysis catalyzed by:

a)

Hexokinase, PFK-1, Pyruvate kinase

b)

Aldolase, enolase, phosphoglycerate kinase

c)

Triose phosphate isomerase, phosphoglucoisomerase

d)

GAPDH

87.

Pyruvate carboxylase makes:

a)

Oxaloacetate

b)

Acetyl-CoA

c)

Lactate

d)

Alanine

88.

Total ATP from one glucose (all stages):

a)

36–38 ATP

b)

2 ATP

c)

4 ATP

d)

30–32 ATP

89.

Incorrect about Krebs:

a)

Occurs in cytoplasm

b)

Produces GTP

c)

Releases CO2

d)

Makes NADH and FADH2

90.

Complex III transfers electrons to:

a)

Cytochrome c

b)

Ubiquinone

c)

Oxygen

d)

NADH

91.

PEP → Pyruvate enzyme:

a)

Pyruvate kinase

b)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

c)

Lactate dehydrogenase

d)

Enolase

92.

ATP from one FADH2:

a)

1.5 ATP

b)

2.5 ATP

c)

3.5 ATP

d)

4.5 ATP

93.

Net ATP from glycolysis alone:

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

6 ATP

d)

8 ATP

94.

Occurs in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration:

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Electron transport chain

d)

Oxidative phosphorylation

95.

Which enzyme is NOT involved in glycolysis?

a)

Succinate dehydrogenase

b)

Hexokinase

c)

Aldolase

d)

Pyruvate kinase

96.

In Krebs, which step produces NADH and CO2?

a)

Isocitrate → α-Ketoglutarate

b)

Succinate → Fumarate

c)

Malate → Oxaloacetate

d)

Fumarate → Malate

97.

The number of ATP produced from cytoplasmic NADH via glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle:

a)

1.5 ATP

b)

2.5 ATP

c)

3.5 ATP

d)

4.5 ATP

98.

Which complex contains copper centers?

a)

Complex IV

b)

Complex I

c)

Complex II

d)

Complex III

99.

During oxidative phosphorylation, the energy for ATP synthesis comes directly from:

a)

Proton gradient

b)

Electrons

c)

Oxygen reduction

d)

Substrate oxidation

100.

Lactic acid fermentation is catalyzed by:

a)

Lactate dehydrogenase

b)

Alcohol dehydrogenase

c)

Pyruvate decarboxylase

d)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

101.

In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is first decarboxylated to:

a)

Acetaldehyde

b)

Ethanol

c)

Lactate

d)

Acetyl-CoA

102.

The enzyme that reduces acetaldehyde to ethanol is:

a)

Alcohol dehydrogenase

b)

Pyruvate decarboxylase

c)

Lactate dehydrogenase

d)

Aldolase

103.

The total ATP produced in fermentation per glucose is:

a)

2 ATP

b)

4 ATP

c)

36 ATP

d)

38 ATP

104.

Which ion is required for pyruvate kinase activity?

a)

Mg2+

b)

Ca2+

c)

K+

d)

Na+

105.

In glycolysis, 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate is converted to 3-phosphoglycerate by:

a)

Phosphoglycerate kinase

b)

Phosphoglycerate mutase

c)

Enolase

d)

GAP dehydrogenase

106.

The conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate is catalyzed by:

a)

Phosphoglycerate mutase

b)

Enolase

c)

Phosphoglycerate kinase

d)

Pyruvate kinase

107.

2-phosphoglycerate is converted to phosphoenolpyruvate by:

a)

Enolase

b)

Pyruvate kinase

c)

Phosphoglycerate mutase

d)

Phosphoglycerate kinase

108.

The committed step of glycolysis is catalyzed by:

a)

Phosphofructokinase-1

b)

Hexokinase

c)

Pyruvate kinase

d)

Aldolase

109.

Hexokinase is inhibited by:

a)

Glucose-6-phosphate

b)

ATP

c)

ADP

d)

Citrate

110.

Phosphofructokinase-1 is activated by:

a)

AMP and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate

b)

ATP and citrate

c)

NADH

d)

Acetyl-CoA

111.

Pyruvate kinase is activated by:

a)

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

b)

ATP

c)

Citrate

d)

NADH

112.

The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA involves:

a)

Oxidative decarboxylation

b)

Reductive carboxylation

c)

Hydrolysis

d)

Phosphorylation

113.

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is inhibited by:

a)

ATP, NADH, acetyl-CoA

b)

ADP, NAD+, CoA

c)

Pyruvate

d)

Oxygen

114.

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is activated by:

a)

ADP, NAD+, Ca2+

b)

ATP, NADH

c)

Citrate

d)

Malate

115.

In the Krebs cycle, citrate synthase catalyzes:

a)

Acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate → citrate

b)

Citrate → isocitrate

c)

Isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate

d)

α-Ketoglutarate → succinyl-CoA

116.

Aconitase converts citrate to isocitrate via:

a)

Cis-aconitate intermediate

b)

Oxaloacetate

c)

Succinate

d)

Fumarate

117.

Isocitrate dehydrogenase catalyzes:

a)

Isocitrate → α-ketoglutarate + NADH + CO2

b)

α-Ketoglutarate → succinyl-CoA

c)

Succinate → fumarate

d)

Malate → oxaloacetate

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