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Clinical Chemistry 2 - Specialized Chemistry

Total questions: 50

Worksheet time: 31mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

1. Which endocrine disorder results from ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma?

a)

Addison's disease

b)

Cushing's syndrome

c)

Cushing disease

d)

Conn syndrome

e)

Nelson syndrome

2.

2. Which hormone is regulated primarily by blood substrate levels rather than trophic hormones?

a)

Cortisol

b)

Growth hormone

c)

Insulin

d)

TSH

e)

ACTH

3.

3. Which endocrine disorder causes excessive catecholamine secretion?

a)

Addison's disease

b)

Pheochromocytoma

c)

Cushing's disease

d)

Conn syndrome

e)

Acromegaly

4.

4. Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels?

a)

Parathyroid hormone

b)

Calcitonin

c)

Vitamin D

d)

Aldosterone

e)

Cortisol

5.

5. Which endocrine disorder presents with hypotension and hyponatremia?

a)

Cushing's syndrome

b)

Conn syndrome

c)

Addison's disease

d)

Acromegaly

e)

SIADH

6.

6. Which hormone is synthesized as a preprohormone?

a)

Aldosterone

b)

Epinephrine

c)

Insulin

d)

Cortisol

e)

Testosterone

7.

7. Hormone pulsatility is MOST critical for the physiological action of:

a)

Cortisol

b)

Prolactin

c)

GnRH

d)

Thyroxine

e)

Insulin

8.

8. Which endocrine gland originates embryologically from neural ectoderm?

a)

Thyroid

b)

Adrenal cortex

c)

Adrenal medulla

d)

Parathyroid

e)

Pancreas

9.

  1. 9. Which hormone promotes protein synthesis?

a)

Cortisol

b)

Growth hormone

c)

Glucagon

d)

Epinephrine

e)

Aldosterone

10.

10. Which condition results from insufficient ADH?

a)

SIADH

b)

Diabetes insipidus

c)

Addison's disease

d)

Cushing's syndrome

e)

Conn syndrome

11.

11. Which hormone has permissive effects on catecholamines?

a)

Insulin

b)

Cortisol

c)

Glucagon

d)

Aldosterone

e)

Oxytocin

12.

12. Which endocrine disorder causes hyperpigmentation?

a)

Cushing's syndrome

b)

Addison's disease

c)

Conn syndrome

d)

Hypopituitarism

e)

SIADH

13.

13. Which hormone increases lipolysis?

a)

Insulin

b)

Growth hormone

c)

Calcitonin

d)

Aldosterone

e)

Prolactin

14.

14. Which pituitary hormone shares a common alpha subunit with LH and FSH?

a)

Prolactin

b)

Growth hormone

c)

ACTH

d)

TSH

e)

Oxytocin

15.

15. Which endocrine disorder results from hormone resistance rather than deficiency?

a)

Addison's disease

b)

Hypopituitarism

c)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

d)

Pheochromocytoma

e)

Sheehan syndrome

16.

16. Which hormone increases intracellular calcium via the IP₃ pathway?

a)

Insulin

b)

Glucagon

c)

Oxytocin

d)

Cortisol

e)

Thyroxine

17.

17. Hormone clearance occurs primarily in the:

a)

Lungs

b)

Kidneys and liver

c)

Skin

d)

GI tract

e)

Spleen

18.

18. Which condition results from GH excess after epiphyseal closure?

a)

Gigantism

b)

Dwarfism

c)

Acromegaly

d)

Cretinism

e)

Myxedema

19.

19. Which endocrine gland is NOT under pituitary control?

a)

Thyroid

b)

Adrenal cortex

c)

Gonads

d)

Pancreatic islets

e)

Mammary glands

20.

20. Which hormone suppresses TRH release?

a)

TSH

b)

T₃

c)

Calcitonin

d)

Growth hormone

e)

Prolactin

21.

21. Endocrine disorders often present with nonspecific symptoms because hormones:

a)

Act locally

b)

Have rapid effects

c)

Affect multiple organ systems

d)

Are stored in glands

e)

Are enzymatic

22.

22. Which hormone has the longest half-life?

a)

Epinephrine

b)

Insulin

c)

Cortisol

d)

Thyroxine

e)

Growth hormone

23.

23. Which hormone decreases TSH secretion?

a)

TRH

b)

Dopamine

c)

Thyroxine

d)

Calcitonin

e)

Aldosterone

24.

24. Which hormone is secreted in response to hypoglycemia?

a)

Insulin

b)

Cortisol

c)

Glucagon

d)

Aldosterone

e)

TSH

25.

25. The zona glomerulosa secretes:

a)

Cortisol

b)

Aldosterone

c)

Androgens

d)

Epinephrine

e)

Norepinephrine

26.

26. Thyroid hormones are synthesized from:

a)

Cholesterol

b)

Tyrosine residues

c)

Tryptophan

d)

Phenylalanine

e)

Iodinated glucose

27.

27. Which protein primarily transports thyroid hormones in circulation?

a)

Albumin

b)

Transthyretin

c)

Thyroxine-binding globulin

d)

Prealbumin

e)

Lipoprotein

28.

28. The most sensitive initial test for thyroid dysfunction is

a)

Total T₄

b)

Free T₃

c)

TSH

d)

Thyroglobulin

e)

Reverse T₃

29.

29. Subclinical hypothyroidism is characterized by:

a)

Low T₃/T₄ and low TSH

b)

Normal T₃/T₄ with high TSH

c)

High T₃/T₄ with low TSH

d)

Normal labs with symptoms

e)

High reverse T₃

30.

30. Which antibody is characteristic of Graves' disease?

a)

Anti-thyroglobulin

b)

Anti-TPO

c)

TSH receptor–stimulating antibody

d)

Anti-ACTH

e)

Anti-insulin receptor

31.

31. Thyroid hormone receptors are primarily located in the:

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Nucleus

d)

Mitochondria

e)

Endoplasmic reticulum

32.

32. Thyroid hormone increases basal metabolic rate by:

a)

Increasing insulin secretion

b)

Decreasing ATP production

c)

Increasing Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity

d)

Reducing mitochondrial number

e)

Decreasing oxygen consumption

33.

33. Reverse T₃ is best described as:

a)

Highly active

b)

More potent than T₃

c)

Biologically inactive

d)

Secreted by pituitary

e)

Increased only in hyperthyroidism

34.

34. Peripheral conversion of T₄ to T₃ occurs mainly in the:

a)

Thyroid

b)

Pituitary

c)

Liver and kidney

d)

Hypothalamus

e)

Muscle only

35.

35. Which condition presents with painless thyroid enlargement?

a)

Subacute thyroiditis

b)

Hashimoto thyroiditis

c)

Thyroid abscess

d)

Thyroid carcinoma

e)

De Quervain thyroiditis

36.

36. Thyroid hormone deficiency in infancy leads to:

a)

Acromegaly

b)

Myxedema

c)

Cretinism

d)

Thyroid storm

e)

Goiter only

37.

37. Thyroid hormone deficiency in adults causes:

a)

Cretinism

b)

Myxedema

c)

Goiter only

d)

Thyroid storm

e)

Acromegaly

38.

38. Which drug inhibits thyroid peroxidase?

a)

Levothyroxine

b)

Propranolol

c)

Methimazole

d)

Iodine

e)

Dexamethasone

39.

39. Thyroid storm represents:

a)

Chronic hypothyroidism

b)

Mild hyperthyroidism

c)

Acute life-threatening thyrotoxicosis

d)

Thyroid malignancy

e)

Subclinical disease

40.

40. Which hormone directly stimulates thyroid hormone synthesis?

a)

TRH

b)

TSH

c)

T₃

d)

T₄

e)

All of the choices

41.

41. Thyroid hormone deficiency reduces LDL receptor expression, leading to:

a)

Hypocholesterolemia

b)

Normal lipid levels

c)

Hypercholesterolemia

d)

Decreased LDL

e)

Increased HDL

42.

42. Which thyroid disorder is autoimmune and hyperthyroid initially?

a)

Graves' disease

b)

Hashimoto thyroiditis

c)

Subacute thyroiditis

d)

Thyroid carcinoma

e)

Iodine deficiency

43.

43. Goiter formation is most directly related to:

a)

Excess T₃

b)

Excess iodine

c)

Chronic TSH stimulation

d)

Thyroid carcinoma

e)

Hyperthyroidism

44.

44. Thyroid hormone increases cardiac output primarily by:

a)

Decreasing heart rate

b)

Increasing systemic resistance

c)

Increasing β-adrenergic sensitivity

d)

Reducing blood volume

e)

Decreasing contractility

45.

45. Which hormone is secreted by parafollicular (C) cells?

a)

T₃

b)

T₄

c)

Calcitonin

d)

Parathyroid hormone

e)

Somatostatin

46.

46. The Wolff–Chaikoff effect refers to:

a)

Increased hormone synthesis

b)

Temporary inhibition of hormone synthesis by excess iodine

c)

Autoimmune thyroid destruction

d)

Increased TSH release

e)

Increased peripheral conversion

47.

47. Thyroid hormone effects on lipids include:

a)

Increased LDL

b)

Decreased LDL

c)

Increased triglycerides

d)

Decreased HDL

e)

No effect

48.

48. Which condition causes low TSH with elevated T₃/T₄?

a)

Primary hypothyroidism

b)

Secondary hypothyroidism

c)

Graves' disease

d)

Iodine deficiency

e)

Hashimoto thyroiditis

49.

Thyroid hormones are essential for:

a)

Adult height only

b)

Fetal brain development

c)

Muscle contraction only

d)

Adrenal function

e)

All of the above

50.

50. Which hormone increases basal metabolic rate?

a)

Insulin

b)

Cortisol

c)

Thyroxine

d)

Aldosterone

e)

Growth hormone

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