Removing rows from a table

Changing the structure of a table

Adding new rows to a table

Retrieving rows without changing data

A group of interconnected computers

A single standalone computer

A removable storage device

A programming language

Translates a domain name to an IP address

Encrypts email messages end to end

Stores and serves web pages from cache

Assigns MAC addresses to devices

Easy to read, cross‑platform, rich libraries

Low‑level hardware control only, hard to read

Few libraries and a steep, complex syntax

Windows‑only compiled language with limited portability

A field that uniquely identifies a table row

A field intended for duplicated values

A column used only for foreign references

A randomly chosen nonunique column

A loop that runs while a condition is true

A statement that executes exactly once

A construct that chooses between branches

A loop that runs a predetermined fixed number only

A program that executes code line by line

A tool that compiles to machine code ahead of time

A relational database engine

A version control system

Selecting an action based on a condition

Repeating steps until a stop condition occurs

Performing only input/output operations

Executing steps in a random order

A collection of key–value pairs

An ordered list of values only

A fixed‑size numeric array

A plain text string

A markup language for building web pages

A database query language

An operating system kernel

An encryption standard

To filter rows by a condition

To group rows for aggregation

To join tables together

To create a new table

The scheme of how computers are connected

A measurement of internet speed

A network security protocol

A document file format

Translating source code to machine language

Executing code line by line at runtime

Compressing files for storage

Transmitting code over a network

To display data to the screen

To read input from the keyboard

To define a function

To terminate a program

A named area used to store data

A CPU register for temporary values

A network data packet

A device driver for hardware

Memory that stores graphics data

A CPU cache for instructions

A removable flash drive

An online cloud storage service

A disk based on solid‑state memory

An optical compact disc

A magnetic tape cartridge

A volatile RAM module

A portable document format

An image sensor protocol

A general‑purpose programming framework

A compressed audio file type

A structured query language

A scripting shell for operating systems

A hardware description language

A spreadsheet file format

A finite sequence of commands to solve a problem

A physical hardware device

A random trial‑and‑error process

An unending loop of steps with no termination

A standard for encoding characters

A network routing protocol

A database index type

An image compression method

Remote storage and services delivered over the internet

Only a local file system on a single device

A data compression utility

A specific programming paradigm

To obtain data from the user

To display output to the screen

To open a file for writing

To convert between data types

1024 bytes

1000 bytes

2048 bits

512 bytes

Deleting data from a table

Inserting new data into a table

Updating the database schema

Retrieving data without changes

A very fast memory location inside the CPU

An external hard disk used for backups

A network switch that routes traffic

A web browser cache for pages

A network security barrier that controls traffic

A device that boosts Wi‑Fi speed

A utility that compresses data files

A general programming library

Tests connectivity to a network host

Encrypts packets end to end

Assigns IP addresses on a LAN

Backs up files to a remote server

To add data into a table

To remove columns from a table

To sort query results alphabetically

To define a view

Repeats a loop while a condition remains true

Runs the loop body once and then stops

Executes statements only after the loop ends

Checks data types at compile time

A unique network address of a device

An encrypted user password

A hardware serial number printed on a chip

A web browser cookie for a session

A high‑level, interpreted language

A low‑level assembly language only

An operating system kernel

Purely compiled with no interpreter

Groups data for aggregation

Filters rows by a specified condition

Deletes duplicate rows automatically

Grants permissions to database users

The smallest unit of information

Eight bytes stored together

A single character code

A physical storage device

The physical components of a computer

The installed application software

The files and user data on a drive

The network services a system uses

Combining rows from tables based on related columns

Encrypting the entire database contents

Creating an index for faster search

Backing up a database to external media

A network within a limited area

A worldwide public network

A personal device-to-device link only

A satellite communication system

A lossless image format

A lossy audio format

A vector-only graphics format

A document markup standard

Algorithms that enable a machine to learn from data

A fixed set of hard-coded rules

Manual programming of every case

A data backup routine

Sorts the result set

Filters rows by condition

Joins two tables

Deletes rows

An ordered sequence

An unordered mapping

A compiled module

A numeric-only array

An Internet resource address

A local file permission

A database column name

A hardware identifier

A disk based on magnetic recording

An optical-only storage disc

A solid-state memory chip

A tape backup unit

Keyboard, mouse, scanner

Monitor, printer, projector

Speaker, microphone, webcam

CPU, RAM, SSD

A language for styling the appearance of web pages

A server-side scripting language

A database query language

A file compression format

An archiving format

A raster image format

A network protocol

A firmware type

To modify existing data

To insert new tables

To back up the database

To sort query results

A universal character encoding system

A video compression codec

A network encryption protocol

A printer control language

A table of all values of logical expressions

A table of user passwords

A schedule for backups

A list of database schemas

A method of stealing user data

A firewall configuration

A safe password manager

A data compression method

The main unit that performs all computations

A secondary storage device

A network switch

A display controller

A loop with a specified number of iterations

An unconditional jump

A one-time conditional check

A hardware interrupt

Reading the table result set

Creating a new table

Dropping a database

Granting user privileges

$$2\,097\,152$$ bytes

$$1\,048\,576$$ bytes

$$2\,000\,000$$ bytes

$$1\,024$$ bytes

A compressed image format

A lossless audio format

A vector drawing format

A disk partition table

A program that detects and removes malicious software

A tool for image editing

A network router firmware

A file compression utility

Steps executed sequentially in order

Steps chosen by multiple conditions only

Steps repeated indefinitely

Steps executed randomly

The number of disjunction combinations

The number of truth table rows

The number of bytes in a word

The number of loop iterations

Monitor, printer

Keyboard, mouse

Scanner, microphone

Router, switch

To retrieve data

To update data

To delete a table

To define a schema

A connection of logical elements

A list of programming steps

A network topology map

A storage layout plan

To divide a string into parts

To join arrays together

To sort numbers ascending

To encrypt text

Logical negation (NOT)

Logical conjunction (AND)

Logical disjunction (OR)

Exclusive OR (XOR)

A field that links to another table

A unique identifier within a table

A column that stores passwords

A column that auto-increments only

Very large volumes of data

A small, curated dataset

A graphics file format

A type of CPU cache

The basic boot/loader system

An operating system kernel

A file system driver

A database engine

To insert an image

To create a table

To add a hyperlink

To define a script

A disc read by laser

A magnetic tape reel

A flash memory card

A solid-state module

Software that controls a device

A hardware diagnostic cable

A file backup tool

A programming library for math

Definiteness, effectiveness, understandability

Randomness, recursion, caching

Speed, storage, bandwidth

Encryption, hashing, salting

RAM, processor, motherboard, disk

Router, switch, access point, modem

Monitor, printer, scanner, plotter

Kernel, shell, driver, library

An action chosen based on a condition

A device driver routine

A database index type

A looping construct with a counter

Selects data

Creates a view

Drops a table

Grants a role

A function definition

A numeric data type

A module import

A class instance

A reusable block of code

A hardware setup routine only

A user interface element

A disk partition table

A procedure without arguments

A procedure with many arguments

A procedure that returns arrays only

A procedure that always loops

Disk cleaning and installing a file system

Image compression and resizing

Network address translation

Database normalization only

Artificial intelligence

Analog interfacing

Automated input

Assured integrity

A device that converts digital/analog signals

A device that stores encryption keys

A device that renders graphics

A device that measures voltage

Storing graphics data

Storing operating system logs

Caching web pages

Encrypting disk sectors

A mechanism to find data quickly

A tool to delete duplicate rows

A method to compress tables

A backup scheduling rule

A local area network

A wide area backbone

A wireless personal network only

An Internet service provider

Volatile main memory

Permanent optical storage

Magnetic tape storage

Read-only firmware

Structured query language

Low-level assembly language

Hypertext markup language

General-purpose scripting language

$$1$$ byte

$$8$$ bytes

$$2$$ bytes

$$16$$ bits

To choose data

To update schemas

To manage users

To shut down the server

To address a resource

To encrypt packets

To configure routers

To store cookies

A low-level assembly language

A high-level programming language

A database query language

An operating system

A label showing the file type

A password to open the file

A backup copy of the file

A program used to edit the file

Algorithms that learn from data

A hardware method to store files

A manual process for sorting records

A fixed set of spreadsheet formulas

Filtering rows

Grouping columns

Sorting results

Deleting records

A file path on a computer

A unique network address for a device

A browser cookie

A domain registrar account

Changes the text color

Resizes images

Creates hyperlinks

Validates HTML

A graphics processor

A hard disk drive

A network router

A software license

An unordered key–value store

A fixed-size numeric array

An ordered sequence of elements

A compiled module

Combines rows from tables

Encrypts the database

Backs up the schema

Creates an index

Deletes duplicate rows

Aggregates data by categories

Creates a new table

Sorts results alphabetically

Merges two strings

Divides a string into parts

Encrypts the string

Converts to uppercase

A lossy audio format

A lossless image format

A video streaming protocol

A database engine

Legitimate email marketing

Stealing data via fake websites or messages

A firewall configuration

A file compression technique

A local backup drive

A remote service for storage and computing

A type of malware

A graphics library

while loop

do-while loop

for loop

repeat-until loop

A one-dimensional list

A two-dimensional array

A data backup plan

A network topology

A chart in a spreadsheet

A structure of nodes and edges

A memory allocation table

A sorting algorithm

A web browser

A database management system

A graphics editor

An operating system

A text editor

An electronic spreadsheet editor

A database server

An email client

A method for representing numbers

A process for compiling code

A way to compress images

A network routing protocol

An IP address range

An internet name used to identify a website

A browser cache

A type of cookie

Notepad

Mathcad

Photoshop

Audacity

Video editing

Antivirus protection

Database hosting

Web design

The sum of numbers from 1 to n

The product of integers from 1 to n

The difference between two numbers

The average of a dataset

A hardware component

A step-by-step procedure to solve a problem

A compressed file

A network device

A set of steps written as code to execute an algorithm

A printed manual

A hardware chipset

A network cable

A chart of employee roles

A diagram showing connections between logical elements

A spreadsheet of sales

A map of cities

Bubble sort

Dijkstra's algorithm

Depth-first search

Kruskal's algorithm

An address that never changes

An address that changes when copied

A web URL for a spreadsheet

A named range

Enhance graphics performance

Detect and remove malicious programs

Manage cloud storage

Encrypt web traffic

Because it compiles to native machine code only

Because code is executed line by line by an interpreter

Because it is written in assembly language

Because it runs only on servers

A structured query language for databases

An operating system kernel

A graphics rendering API

A web browser

Inserts new rows

Selects data from tables

Deletes tables

Grants user permissions

To combine related rows from multiple tables

To compress tables for storage

To format column headers

To sort query results

A web page markup language

A server operating system

A compiled binary format

An email protocol

Provide web page styling and design

Execute server-side logic

Store session cookies

Route network packets

Add dynamic behavior to pages

Define the server hardware

Encrypt the database

Render raster images only

A tool that translates source code into machine code

A device that stores data magnetically

A program that edits images

A network switch

A program that executes code line by line

A device that translates analog signals

A disk partitioning tool

A data compression utility

Boosts Wi‑Fi speed

Filters and controls network traffic

Encrypts files for backup

Designs web pages

A server hardware component

A small piece of data a site stores for a session

An antivirus update

A graphics format

A web page title

A unique network address of a device

A browser history entry

A DNS record type only

Compress images

Translate domain names to IP addresses

Encrypt passwords

Block pop-up ads

A local area network

A wide area network

A wireless personal network

A virtual private cloud

A wide area network

A local area network

A storage area network

A personal area network

Storing and processing data on remote servers

Storing files only on local hard drives

Transferring data exclusively over Bluetooth

Running programs without any network connectivity

A copy of data kept for safekeeping

A method of encrypting network traffic

A type of malicious software

A live video stream of system activity

Deceiving users to steal their data

Optimizing network bandwidth

Scanning systems for performance metrics

Encrypting emails for secure delivery

High data access speed

Produces more heat and noise than HDDs

Quiet operation with no moving parts

Requires regular defragmentation to maintain speed

Higher reliability compared to HDDs

Delivers web documents between client and server

Encrypts web traffic by default

Provides remote desktop control

Manages file system permissions

It provides an encrypted connection

It compresses all web pages automatically

It uses peer-to-peer routing

It only operates on port 80

A digital key used to identify a user

A hardware failure indicator

A temporary file cache

A data compression algorithm

A cell reference that remains fixed when copied

A cell reference that always changes when copied

A reference only to entire columns

A reference that points to external web pages

One-to-one

One-to-many

Many-to-many

Sorted-to-unsorted