Biotechnology

Biotechnology

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Selective Breeding

• Mate 2 organisms with desired traits to get offspring with desired trait

• Pros:

• You get offspring with desired traits, inexpensive, no technology needed

• Cons:

• Don't always get desired trait, sometimes get undesired trait, decrease in genetic diversity

Multiple Choice

In order to produce the first white marigold flower, growers began with the lightest yellow-flowered marigold plants. After crossing them, these plants produced seeds, which were planted, and only the offspring with very light-yellow flowers were used to produce the next generation. Repeating this process over many years, growers finally produced a marigold flower that is considered the first white variety of its species. This procedure is known as

• differentiation

• cloning

• gene insertion

• selective breeding

Multiple Choice

A farmer grows beans that he sells to local markets. Over a period of 40 years, the farmer has identified the plants that produced the most beans and only used those beans to produce new plants. This procedure is part of the process of

• selective breeding

• genetic engineering

• replication

• cloning

Multiple Choice

A common practice used by breeders to maintain a desired trait in dogs is

• cloning

• genetic engineering

• artificial selection

• regeneration

Cloning

• Making an exact copy of an organism (genetically)

• Clones happen in nature: identical twins, budding, cutting, mitosis, etc.

• When cloning an animal, the clone is genetically identical to the donor of the body cell nucleus, which contains the DNA.

Multiple Choice

Scientists have been investigating a way to recreate extinct species such as the saber-toothed cat. Which technique would use DNA from an extinct species to recreate an organism of the species?

• natural selection

• differentiation

• cloning

• selective breeding

Multiple Choice

Farmers may someday clone their best milk-producing cow into a whole herd. What potential disadvantage might be important to consider in having such a large group of clones on one farm?

• It may be difficult to tell the animals apart.

• Lack of variation may limit survival in the herd.

• The cows could be fertilized by only one type of bull.

• The cows could be mated only with each other.

Multiple Choice

In 1996, scientists cloned the first mammal, a sheep. This technique involved the removal of the nucleus from an egg cell. The nucleus from a cell of another adult sheep was then inserted into this egg cell. Once this cell began to develop into an embryo, it was implanted into a third female sheep that later gave birth to a healthy lamb, Dolly. Which statement concerning Dolly is correct?

• Her offspring would be genetically identical.

• Dolly and her DNA donor are genetically identical.

• Two different gametes were manipulated to produce Dolly.

• Dolly was produced by the recombination of genetic material.

Genetic Engineering

• Placing DNA from one organism into the DNA of another organism

• Restriction enzymes used to cut DNA at specific locations

• Desired gene (ex. insulin gene) inserted into DNA of recipient organism

• Recipient organism is now able to produce whatever protein that gene coded for

• Reminder: gene = instructions for making a protein/trait

Multiple Choice

The illustration shows two methods of reproduction, method A and method B. Which statement regarding these methods of reproduction is correct?

• They are both forms of asexual reproduction.

• They are both forms of sexual reproduction.

• Method A is a form of asexual reproduction and method B is a form of sexual reproduction.

• Method A is a form of sexual reproduction and method B is a form of asexual reproduction.

Multiple Choice

The diagram below represents an important biological technique scientists rely on to produce replacement hormones. Which two processes are required for the technique to successfully produce hormones?

• replication of DNA in bacterial cells and cell division

• replication of DNA in bacterial cells and gamete formation

• meiosis and development

• mitosis and fertilization

Multiple Choice

A sequence of events is represented in the diagram below. Which statement best describes a result of this process?

• The spider from which the DNA sample was obtained can no longer produce spider silk.

• The goat milk now contains DNA molecules made of spider silk proteins.

• Both the spider and the goat can now produce both spider silk and goat milk.

• Spider silk proteins can now be produced in large quantities without killing spiders to obtain them.

Gel Electrophoresis

• The process used to create a DNA Fingerprint/DNA Profile

• DNA is cut into fragments by restriction enzymes

• Electricity pushes the DNA through the gel

• DNA fragments are separated by size

• Smaller fragments go to the bottom, larger fragments stay at the top

Open Ended

An unknown sample of DNA found at a crime scene was compared to DNA samples taken from three individuals. The results of the technique used to compare the samples are represented below. What factor causes the DNA fragments to move in this technique?

Open Ended

Did any of these individuals leave this DNA at the crime scene? Explain.

Open Ended

Caretakers at a zoo are trying to determine which of two male tigers fathered the newest cub. They obtained DNA from the tiger cub, the mother tiger, and the two male tigers. The DNA was analyzed. The results of the analysis are shown below. Which male tiger is the father of the newborn cub? Support your answer.

The End! Any questions????

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