Complex Patterns of Inheritance

Complex Patterns of Inheritance

By Jenifer Knowles

Objective

To examine inheritance patterns that do not fit Mendelian genetics patterns.

Multiple Choice

What type of inheritance do two alleles have if their traits blend together?

• Incomplete Dominance

• Codominance

• Complete dominance

• Sex-Linked

Multiple Choice

Both traits expressed TOGETHER (not blended)

• Codominance

• Incomplete Dominance

• Mendelian trait

• Sex-linked

Multiple Choice

Three or more alternative forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus.

• multiple alleles

• codominant

• polygenic

• incomplete dominance

Multiple Choice

What determines whether or not an individual is male or female?

• sex chromosomes

• autosomes

Multiple Choice

An individual with the sex chromosomes XY would be:

• male

• female

Multiple Choice

If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be 

• sex-linked trait

• polygenic trait

• codominant trait

• incomplete dominance trait

Multiple Choice

Traits controlled by genes located on the ___ chromosome are sex-linked traits. Because males only have one of this type of chromosome, they are more affected by harmful recessive genes on this particular chromosome.

• X

• Y

Multiple Choice

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X ^r Y ?

• male with red eyes

• female with red eyes

• male with white eyes

• female with white eyes

Multiple Choice

These type of traits arise from the interaction of multiple pairs of genes. Examples include such traits as skin color, height, and eye color

• epistasis

• polygenic traits

• autosomes

Multiple Choice

What type of inheritance is determined by multiple genes located at different loci on different chromosomes and there can be a range of traits?

• Codominance

• Incomplete dominance

• Polygenic traits

Multiple Choice

Term for an interaction where of one allele hides the effects of another allele. It can be seen in the coat color of Labrador retrievers, which can be black, brown, or yellow. Dogs appear yellow because the black/brown dark fur gene is "blocked" by the homozygous recessive yellow fur gene.

• codominance

• dominance

• multiple alleles

• epistasis

Multiple Choice

Labrador retriever's fur color is an example of epistasis. In this case the E gene controls the expression of the B gene. It a puppy was born with the genotype eeBB its fur color would be ________ and if it was born with the genotype EEbb it would be __________

• yellow, yellow

• yellow, black

• chocolate, black

• yellow, chocolate

Multiple Choice

Labrador retriever's fur color is an example of epistasis. In this case the E gene controls the expression of the B gene. It a puppy was born with the genotype eeBB its fur color would be ________ and if it was born with the genotype EEbb it would be __________

• yellow, yellow

• yellow, black

• chocolate, black

• yellow, chocolate

​Questions on all types of Inheritance - Use your notes!

​

You can look up definitions here: https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Book%3A_Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/08%3A_Inheritance/8.5%3A_Complex_Inheritance​

Multiple Choice

A white flowered plant is crossed with a red flowered plant resulting in F1 offspring that are pink. This is an example of:

• codominance

• incomplete dominance

• complete dominance

Multiple Choice

Why are men 16 times more likely to be color-blind than women?

• to be color-blind, you must have a Y chromosome
• to be color-blind, all of your X chromosomes must have the gene
• color-blindness is caused by testosterone
• color-blindness is caused by the same gene as baldness

Multiple Choice

Males are more likely to suffer from a sex-linked disease or disorder because

• males are the weaker sex

• males have less DNA

• males have 1 X chromosome, so the disorder is more likely to be expressed

Multiple Choice

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red is dominant to white. What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X ^R X ^R ?

• male with red eyes

• female with red eyes

• male with white eyes

• female with white eyes

Multiple Choice

Examples include skin color and height (the individual's phenotype exists somewhere along a spectrum)

• polygenic inheritance

• multiple alleles

• linked genes

• incomplete dominance

Multiple Choice

In fruit flies, eye color is a sex linked trait. Red (R) is dominant to white (r). What is the sex and eye color of flies with the following genotype: X ^R X ^r ?

• male with white eyes

• female with red eyes

• male with red eyes

• female with white eyes

Multiple Choice

This is an example of ___________?

• Incomplete dominance

• Co-Dominance

• Sex-linked inheritance

• Autosomal recessive inheritance

Multiple Choice

How many alleles does someone have for a genotype?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Multiple Choice

If two parents have type AB blood, what is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

This is an example of ___________.

• Incomplete Dominance

• Codominance

• Multiple Alleles

• Polygenic Inheritance

Multiple Choice

For an XX female to express a recessive sex-linked trait, she must have....

• two recessive alleles
• a Y chromosome 
• one recessive allele
• two dominant alleles

Multiple Choice

Human height occurs in a continuous range because it is affected by the interaction of many genes, making it a(n)

• autosomal trait

• polygenic trait

• codominant trait

• sex-linked trait

Multiple Choice

How are Incomplete Dominance and Co Dominance different than a normal Mendelian cross?

• There is no difference
• The heterozygous genotype has a unique phenotype
• There is no heterozygous genotype
• There is only one phenotype regardless of genotype.

Multiple Choice

This type of inheritance pattern shows BOTH traits in possible offspring

• complete dominance
• incomplete dominance
• co-dominance
• dominant pattern

Multiple Choice

What type of inheritance is determined by multiple genes located at different loci on different chromosomes and there can be a range of traits?

• Codominance
• Incomplete dominance
• Polygenic traits

Multiple Choice

A red flowered plant (RR) breeds with a White flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance.  What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 100%

Multiple Choice

If a gene is found only on the X chromosome and not the Y chromosome, it is said to be what?

• sex-linked trait
• polygenic trait
• codominant trait
• incomplete dominance trait

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes belongs in the red box in the Punnett square?

• X^BX^B
• X^bX^b
• X^bY
• X^BY

Multiple Choice

If two parents are heterozygous for type A blood (AO), what is the probability that their offspring would have type O blood? Draw the Punnett Square. Do not guess.

• 100 %

• 75%

• 50%

• 25%

Multiple Choice

Hemophilia is a recessive x-linked disorder.
Which genotype represents a female who is a carrier for hemophilia?

• X^HX^h
• X^hX^h
• X^HX^H
• X^hY

Multiple Choice

Codominance occurs in calico cats, which allows for the Black and Tan colors to show. What percentage of the offspring will be calico (black and tan spotted)?

• 25

• 50

• 75

• 100

Multiple Choice

Incomplete dominance occurs in cats, which allows them to be Black, White, or gray as shown on this Punnett square. What percentage of the offspring will be black?

• 25

• 50

• 75

• 100

Multiple Choice

What would indicate a normal human male?

• XX
• X
• XY
• XXY

Multiple Choice

If a father is AA and a mother is AB, what is the probability for a child with AB blood? 

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

Multiple Choice

Blood type is an example of which two (2) patterns of inheritance?

• Multiple Alleles & Codominance

• Polygenic Inheritance & Multiple Alleles

• Incomplete Dominance & Multiple Polygenic Inheritance

• Codominance & Incomplete Dominance

Multiple Choice

What is epistasis?

• When one gene controls the others

• When one gene is recessive to the others

• When one gene is codominant to another

• When there are multiple alleles for one gene

Multiple Choice

This type of inheritance pattern is a Blend of both traits.

• incomplete dominance

• co-dominance

• complete dominance

• recessive pattern

Multiple Choice

If you cross a black chicken with a white chicken, black-white checkered chickens are produced. What kind of inheritance pattern does this follow?

• incomplete Dominance

• Co-Dominance

• Sex-linked Inheritance

• Multiple alleles

Multiple Choice

What is the phenotype of a person with the genotype AO?

• type A

• type O

• AA

• OO