EOC Review Cells

EOC Review Cells

By Anissa Rodriguez

Multiple Choice

In the mid-nineteenth century, the discoveries of many scientists were combined to develop the modern cell theory. Which of the following statements is NOT part of the cell theory?

• All living things are made of one or many cells.

• Cells are produced from existing cells.

• All cells have the same internal structure

• Cells are the basic units of structure in living things.

Multiple Choice

In the past, some scientists accepted the theory of spontaneous generation. This theory states that organisms can arise from nonliving matter. Now scientists generally accept cell theory to explain the origin and growth of new organisms. Which of these statements is a key idea of cell theory that disproves the theory of spontaneous generation?

• The cell is the basic unit of life.

• All living things are made of matter.

• All cells arise from pre-existing cells by division.

• All cells are formed from the combination of two other cells.

Fill in the Blank

The difference between a scientific law and theory is that a scientific law is a description whereas a scientific theory is an _______________.

Multiple Choice

The cumulative work of many scientists can often be summarized as theories or laws. How is a theory different from a law?

• A theory is a preliminary scientific explanation that can become a law only when it gains enough support and matches many observed phenomena.

• A law is a preliminary scientific explanation that can become a theory only when it gains enough support and matches many observed phenomena.

• A theory is a well-supported scientific explanation that makes useful predictions about phenomena, while a law is a well-supported description of observed phenomena.

• A theory is an educated guess that can be tested through scientific observation and experimentation, while a law is a well-supported scientific explanation that makes useful predictions about phenomena.

Multiple Choice

Scientists have developed numerous theories and laws over time. One example is the cell theory. Why is the cell theory considered a theory rather than a law?

• It is an explanation rather than a description.

• It is well supported by many types of observations.

• It has not existed long enough to be considered a law.

• It developed through the work of more than one scientist.

Multiple Choice

Which statement best compares a eukaryote and a prokaryote?

• Eukaryotes have a cell wall, while prokaryotes have a cell membrane.

• Eukaryotes have  membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotes have few specialized structures

• Eukaryotes use active transport to move substances across the cell membrane, while prokaryotes use facilitated diffusion.

• Eukaryotes use flagella to move themselves through substances, while prokaryotes  are not able to move

Multiple Choice

Bacteria are prokaryotic cells. By contrast, animal, plant, and fungal cells are eukaryotic.

What is the main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

• Eukaryotes have a cell wall.

• Prokaryotes cannot live without a host.

• Eukaryotes copy DNA and are able to reproduce.

• Prokaryotes do not have a membrane-bound nucleus.

Multiple Choice

The cells of animals and plants share many characteristics. Which of the following cell structures is present in BOTH animal and plant cells?

• cell wall

• chloroplast

• Golgi apparatus

• large central vacuole

Multiple Choice

The following cell structures are located within cells that make proteins. Which description  best  explains the relationship among these cell structures in making a protein?  

nucleus  

ribosome  

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)  

• nucleus makes protein → protein winds through the ER → protein folds into its active shape  

• nucleus directs ER to assemble the protein → ribosomes surround protein → protein folds into its active shape  

• ER creates protein → DNA in the nucleus codes for ribosomes to surround protein → protein folds into its active shape  

• DNA in nucleus codes for protein → protein assembled in ribosomes and moves to ER → protein folds into its active shape  

Multiple Choice

In the 1800s, scientists studied how fat-soluble substances and water-soluble substances interact with cell membranes. Their studies provided evidence that cell membranes are structured to perform certain functions.  

What function did these studies suggest that cell membranes perform? 

• control the cell’s activities 

• control which substances enter the cell 

• form proteins from fat-soluble substances 

• carry materials throughout the interior of the cell 

Multiple Choice

Which would be the best evidence that a cell is using active transport to move a substance across its cell membrane?

• Substances are moving rapidly across the cell membrane.

• ATP is being rapidly consumed near the cellular membrane.

• Substances are moving from high to low concentrations.

• Substances are moving through channels in the cell membrane.

Draw

Draw arrows indicating the movement of water

Draw

Draw arrows indicating the movement of water

Multiple Choice

A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?

• The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.

• The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.

• The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.

• The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.

Multiple Choice

What will happen if an animal cell that has a solute concentration of 1% is placed in a 5% saltwater solution?  

• It will shrink because there is less water outside of the cell than there is on the inside.

•   

  It will burst because there is more water on the outside of the cell than there is on the inside.  

• It will burst because there is more water on the inside of the cell than there is on the outside.  

• It will remain the same size because there is an equal amount of water on the inside and outside of the cell. 

Multiple Choice

Cells need to bring in molecules to carry out cellular processes. Often, this requires moving the molecules across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient. How do these molecules get into the cell?

• passive transport by diffusion

• active transport using ATP

• passive transport by osmosis

• phagocytosis