RockTypes

RockTypes

By Frances Lash

Multiple Choice

Minerals are identified on the basis of

• the size of their crystals

• the type of rock in which they are found

• their physical and chemical properties

• the method by which they were formed

Multiple Choice

Magma that flows out onto Earth's surface.

• lava

• magma

• minerals

• rock

Multiple Choice

Magma that cools and crystallizes below Earth's surface are known as....

• basaltic rocks

• extrusive rocks

• intrusive rocks

• granitic rocks

Multiple Choice

Magma that cools and crystallizes on Earth's surface forms ...

• intrusive rocks

• extrusive rocks

• basaltic rocks

• granitic rocks

Multiple Choice

Describe the texture of the following igneous rock (grain size 1-10 mm).

• vesicular

• glassy

• fine

• coarse

Multiple Choice

Describe the environment of formation for the following igneous rock (grain size > 10 mm) that cooled inside the earth.

• intrusive

• extrusive

Multiple Choice

Describe the environment of formation for the following igneous rock.

• intrusive

• extrusive

Multiple Choice

Describe the rate of cooling for the following igneous rock (grain size 1-10 mm).

• slow cooling

• rapid cooling

Multiple Choice

Describe the mineral composition of the following igneous rock.

• felsic

• mafic

Major causes of metamorphism

• Contact metamorphism, when rock comes into close contact with a heat source such like a magma chamber

• Regional metamorphism, when stress from tectonic collisions creates large scale metamorphism

Metamorphic Rock Features

• Foliation, the appearance of banding such as gneissic banding. Nonfoliated rocks are a single solid color.

• Rock Cleavage occurs when rocks tend to split or break along a single planar fabric caused by the intense pressure of metamorphism

• Lineation occurs when minerals within the rock become aligned in the same direction.

Multiple Choice

Which metamorphic feature is being illustrated by this sample of slate?

• rock cleavage

• foliation

• lineation

Multiple Choice

Which of these metamorphic rocks is not made from an igneous parent rock?

• greenstone

• schist

• gneiss

• quartite

Multiple Choice

The type of metamorphism shown here that is caused by the collision of two continental plates is

• contact metamorphism

• regional metamorphism

Multiple Choice

Wavy bands of light and dark minerals visible in gneiss bedrock probably formed from the

• cementing together of individual miner grains

• cooling and crystallization of magma

• evaporation of an ancient ocean

• heat and pressure during metamorphism

Multiple Choice

The diagram indicates physical changes that accompany the conversion of shale to gneiss. Which geologic process is occurring to cause this conversion?

• sedimentary layering

• intrusion of magma

• metamorphism

• weathering

Multiple Choice

The rock shown has a foliated texture and contains the minerals amphibole, quartz, and feldspar arranged in coarse-grained bands. Which rock is shown?

• slate

• dunite

• gneiss

• quartzite

Multiple Choice

During the Permian Period, sedimentary bedrock in the Appalachian Region was subjected to high temperature and pressure. Calcite deposits that had existed in this environment would most likely have formed

• schist

• gabbro

• marble

• gneiss

Multiple Choice

How do the metamorphic rocks schist and quartzite differ?

• Quartzite contains the mineral quartz and schist does not.

• Quartzite forms from regional metamorphism and schist does not.

• Schist is organically formed and quartzite is not.

• Schist is foliated and quartzite is not.

Multiple Choice

The recrystallization of unmelted material under high temperature and pressure results in

• metamorphic rock

• sedimentary rock

• igneous rock

• volcanic rock

Multiple Choice

What kind of rocks can be weathered, eroded, and then lithified to form sedimentary rocks?

• igneous rocks

• metamorphic rocks

• sedimentary rocks

• any kind of rock

Multiple Choice

Most of the Earth's crust is made up of igneous rock. But most rock at the surface of the crust is what kind of rock?

• Igneous

• Sedimentary

• Metamorphic

• All kinds of rock

Multiple Choice

Of the three kinds of sedimentary rocks, a rock that is made up of fragments of older rocks is called

• Clastic sedimentary rock

• Organic sedimentary rock

• Chemical sedimentary rock

Multiple Choice

Lithification is

• Breaking down of rock

• Transport of rock fragments

• Piling rock fragments up into sediment beds

• Forming new rocks from sediments

Multiple Choice

Compaction is

• When slowing water lays down sediments to form beds

• Squeezing of sediment grains together by the weight of sediments above

• Precipitation of minerals that "glue" the sediment grains together

• When tectonic plate movement raises buried rocks up to the surface

Multiple Choice

Cementation is

• When slowing water lays down sediments to form beds

• Squeezing of sediment grains together by the weight of sediments above

• Precipitation of minerals that "glue" the sediment grains together

• When tectonic plate movement raises buried rocks up to the surface

Multiple Choice

Deposition is

• When slowing water lays down sediments to form beds

• Squeezing of sediment grains together by the weight of sediments above

• Precipitation of minerals that "glue" the sediment grains together

• When tectonic plate movement raises buried rocks up to the surface

Multiple Choice

Of the three kinds of sedimentary rocks, a rock that is made by precipitation of dissolved minerals from water is called

• Clastic sedimentary rock

• Organic sedimentary rock

• Chemical sedimentary rock

Multiple Choice

Remains of living things embedded or imprinted in a sedimentary rock are called

• fossils

• geodes

• strata

• clasts

Multiple Choice

The compacting and cementing of sediments to form sedimentary rock is called

• weathering

• erosion

• deposition

• lithification

Multiple Choice

Striping that is still visible after layered sediments have been lithified into rock is called

• fossils

• geodes

• stratification

• clasts

Multiple Choice

This sedimentary rock that contains some clasts that are quite large is

• sandstone

• conglomerate

• shale

• coal