Class Review # 3

​DNA Replication

Fill in the Blanks

Multiple Choice

The DNA molecule is a complex polymer. What is the name of the building blocks (monomers) that come together to form a DNA molecule?

• nucleotides

• fatty acids

• aminoacids

• monosaccharides (simple sugars)

Match

Match the following

• A

• B

• C

Phosphate group

Pentose sugar (5 - carbon sugar)

Nitrogen base

• Phosphate group

• Pentose sugar (5 - carbon sugar)

• Nitrogen base

Multiple Choice

What are the correct base pair rules in DNA?

• A-T and C-G

• A-C and T-G

• A-G and C-T

• A-A, C-C, G-G, and T-T

Drag and Drop

The SIDES of a DNA ladder are made of

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, while the rungs (in the center) are made of ​

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, which are joined by ​

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bonds.

Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

deoxyribose sugars & phosphates

nitrogen bases

hydrogen

genes & chromosomes

RNA

covalent

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes the primary function of DNA replication?   

• To ensure daughter cells have a complete copy of the DNA

• To prevent mutations from occurring in cells 

• To provide genetic variation within specific organisms

• to allow prokaryotic cells to undergo meiosis

Multiple Choice

DNA is replicated during the ___ stage before mitosis.

• G1

• S

• G2

• Cytokinesis

Multiple Choice

What is the first step in DNA replication?

• DNA unzips

• bases are added

• sugar and phosphate are added

• sugar and bases are added

Multiple Choice

The enzyme that unzips DNA during replication is called:

• helicase

• zipase

• DNA polymerase

• ligase

Drag and Drop

The picture below shows the steps of DNA replication beginning with step one and ending with step three.

​Because you are reusing the old, or parent, DNA strand DNA replication is said to be

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Drag these tiles and drop them in the correct blank above

Semi- Conservative

Semi-discontinuous

Semi-permeable

Fully-Conserveative

Multiple Choice

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,

• each one with two original strands

• each one with two new strands

• each one with one new strand and one original strand

• one with two new strands and the other with two original strands

Multiple Choice

Which enzyme is responsible for adding the free nucleotides to the replicating DNA? ​

• DNA Helicase

• DNA Ligase

• DNA polymerase

• RNA Polymerase

Match

Match the Following: Base Pairing Rule

• A

• C

• T

• G

T

G

A

C

• T

• G

• A

• C

Match

Match the following: Base Pairing Rule

• Adenine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

Thymine

Guanine

Adenine

Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Adenine

• Cytosine

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct complementary nucleotide sequence for the following:

TTT - GTC - CCC

• CCC - TGA - AAA

• AAA - CAG - GGG

• TTT - CAT - GGG

• GGG - TGA - CCC

Multiple Choice

Choose the correct complementary nucleotide sequence for the following:

AAA - GTA - CCC

• CCC - TGA - AAA

• AAA - CAG - GGG

• TTT - CAT - GGG

• GGG - TGA - CCC

Multiple Choice

You are given the DNA strand 5'ATGCTCAGCTGA3'. What is the corresponding DNA strand?

• 5'UACGAGUCGACU3'

• 5'TACGAGTCGACT3'

• 3'UACGAGUCGACU5'

• 3'TACGAGTCGACT5'

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated

• it's in everything

• it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things

• because we eat it every day for energy

Multiple Choice

How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

The DNA sequence ATCAGCGCTGGC is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this message?

• 4

• 8

• 12

• 20

Multiple Choice

The central dogma of biology states that information flows in one direction from 

• nuclei --> RNA --> cytoplasm

• ribosomes --> proteins --> DNA

• genes --> nuclei --> ribosomes

• DNA --> RNA --> proteins

Multiple Choice

DNA --> mRNA --> Proteins.

The first arrow represents which one of the following processes?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Mutation

Multiple Choice

DNA --> mRNA --> Proteins.

The second arrow represents which one of the following processes?

• Translation

• Transcription

• Replication

• Mutation

Multiple Choice

The process by which the genetic code of DNA is copied into a strand of mRNA is called

• translation

• transcription

• transformation

• replication

Multiple Choice

What is the process of converting mRNA message into protein?

• replication

• transcription

• translation

• mitosis

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes RNA?

• RNA is double-stranded and contains the base thymine

• RNA is single-stranded and contains the base uracil

• RNA is longer than DNA and uses five bases to encode information

• RNA is made in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells and stays there to carry out its functions

Multiple Choice

How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?

• GCUAUA

• CGATAT

• CGAUAU

• GCUTUT

Multiple Choice

How does RNA differ from DNA?

• RNA contains uracil and deoxyribose

• RNA contains ribose and thymine

• RNA contains uracil and ribose

• RNA contains adenine and ribose

Multiple Choice

In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of

• cytosine

• guanine

• thymine

• uracil

Multiple Choice

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT

• AUGCAAUGA

• ATGCAATGA

• AUGGATUGA

• TACGTTACT

Multiple Choice

TRANSLATE this RNA sequence: AUGCAAUGA

• Met-Glu-Stop

• Met-His-Stop

• Thr-Glu-Stop

• Thr-Pro-Stop

Multiple Choice

What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?

• Phenylalanine

• Tyrosine

• Leucine

• Stop codon

Multiple Choice

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA

• Met-Pro-Ala-Val

• Met-Pro-Val

• Tyr-Gly-His

• Tyr-Gly-Arg-His

Multiple Choice

Which amino acid is made from the RNA codon GCU?

• Alanine

• Leucine

• Serine

• Tyrosine

Multiple Choice

The job of tRNA is to...

• carry amino acids to the ribosomes 

• carry ribosomes to the ER

• carry mRNA out of the nucleus

• carry glucose to mitochondria

Multiple Choice

What type of RNA carries the DNA message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes?

• mRNA

• tRNA

• RNA

• DNA

Multiple Choice

Where does Translation occur?

• Across the Cell Membrane

• in the Mitochondria

• Ribosomes in the Cytoplasm

• In the Nucleus

Multiple Choice

Where does Transcription occur?

• Across the Cell Membrane

• in the Mitochondria

• Ribosomes in the Cytoplasm

• In the Nucleus

Match

Match the following

DNA molecule

RNA molecule (general diagram)

tRNA

rRNA

mRNA

• DNA molecule

• RNA molecule (general diagram)

• tRNA

• rRNA

• mRNA

Multiple Choice

In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 

• cytosine

• adenine

• guanine

• thymine

Match

Match the following

• Mutation

• Point mutation

• Frameshift mutation

• Silent mutation

• Chromosomal mutation

a change in the DNA sequence

a type of mutation where one to few bases are substituted with different bases

a type of mutation caused by adding or deleting bases, affecting all the codons after the change

a type of mutation that doesn't result in a change in the amino acid sequence (same protein)

a type of mutation where large sections of the chromosome are affected

• a change in the DNA sequence

• a type of mutation where one to few bases are substituted with different bases

• a type of mutation caused by adding or deleting bases, affecting all the codons after the change

• a type of mutation that doesn't result in a change in the amino acid sequence (same protein)

• a type of mutation where large sections of the chromosome are affected

Multiple Choice

What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Frameshift 

Multiple Choice

Are all mutations bad?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete things that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

Multiple Choice

Why is the order of amino acids so important?

• The order of amino acids dictates what shape the protein will fold into.

• It is not important. The protein folding chamber will force the protein to fold into the correct shape.

Multiple Choice

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

• Substitution

• Deletion

• Insertion

• Inversion

Multiple Choice

Chemical or physical agents in the environment that may cause mutations are called:

• mutants

• mutagens

• chromosomal mutations

• missense mutations

Multiple Choice

If a point mutation does not change the order of the amino acid sequence, this is called a:

• nonsense mutation

• silent mutation

• missense mutation

• frameshift mutation

Multiple Choice

If a mutation codes for "stop" in the amino acid chain, this is called a:

• nonsense mutation

• missense mutation

• silent mutation

• frameshift mutation

Multiple Choice

If UCU is changed to UCC, this is a _______________________________.

• silent mutation

• missense mutation

• nonsense mutation

• frameshift mutation

Multiple Choice

Mutations can be beneficial because they increase genetic _____________________ and can make the individual and species more likely to survive.

• diseases

• complications

• disorders

• diversity

Multiple Choice

Why did scientists edit the genes of bacteria to produce insulin?

• Because the bacteria were diabetic

• Because bacteria have simple DNA that is easier to manipulate, making it easy to produce insulin in a lab

• Because bacteria's complex DNA was perfect for insulin production

• Because insulin has no use outside of a lab setting

Multiple Choice

Which of these is the correct definition of genetic modification/genetic engineering?

• Choosing individuals to mate based on desired characteristics

• Observing genetic changes in populations over time based on adaptive traits

• Extracting stem cells to differentiate into specialized tissues

• Altering the DNA of an organism at the molecular level

Multiple Choice

What does transgenic mean?

• An organism that can change its genes at will

• A stem cell that can differentiate into anything

• An organism that has had another species' DNA put in it

• A bacteria that reproduces asexually

Multiple Choice

Another name for GMO (Genetically Modified Organsim) is ____________.

• Transgenic

• Transplanted

• Transducted

• Plasmid

Multiple Choice

A company that creates hair dye would most likely employ a bio-technician for which job?

• researching trends

• developing new colors

• creating cost effective packaging

• developing a product that will be safe for consumers

Multiple Choice

Which is a concern of scientists when genetically modifying plants?

• Plants will pass on diseases to animals.

• There will be a decrease in biodiversity.

• Plants will have a longer growing season.

• There will be a decrease in revenue for pesticide manufacturers.

Multiple Choice

Which application of biotechnology is of greatest economic benefit to North Carolina?

• development of livestock that are more domesticated

• development of livestock that produce higher quality meat

• development of crops that can be grown in extremely dry environments

• development of crops that can be grown in extremely low temperatures

Multiple Choice

Which use of biotechnology most benefits North Carolina agriculture?

• producing human vaccines

• producing disease resistant crops

• producing new medicines from bacteria

• producing enzymes to eliminate pollutants

Multiple Choice

Which best describes a controversial issue associated with the use of genetically modified crops?

• the use of genetically modified crops to increase potential yield

• the short term use of genetically modified crops in famine stricken countries

• the development of genetically modified crops which are resistant to herbicides

• the long term effects which may arise from the use of genetically modified crops

Multiple Choice

Bacteria cells can be used to produce insulin for the treatment of diabetes in humans. Which best explains how the bacteria cells are able to produce insulin for humans?

• The bacteria have been grown on a petri dish containing insulin.

• The bacteria have been genetically engineered to contain the DNA needed to produce insulin.

• The bacteria have been exposed to radioactivity to create mutant strains capable of producing insulin.

• The bacteria have been grown on a petri dish containing sugar; the bacteria produce insulin in response to the sugar.

Multiple Select

What type of job could a person who studies biotechnology in college have?

• Create new medicines and vaccines

• Create disease/pest resistant crop varieties

• Work in a forensic lab testing crime scene evidence

• Create environmentally friendly ways to clean up pollution

Multiple Choice

Which is most important when investigating ethical issues in biotechnology?

• cost of the technology

• advantage of the technology

• public opinion of the technology

• benefits of the technology outweighing the harm

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology