What are the THREE interrelated processes that work with Earth's internal processes to alter rock composition?

• Weathering

• Erosion

• Deposition

• Photosynthesis

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Weathering, Erosion, and Deposition' as these three processes work together to break down and transport rocks, altering their composition over time. Erosion and deposition are parts of this cycle.

Match the following processes with their definitions.

• Deposition

• Sediments move slowly or stop, and then are dropped and accumulate at the bottom of a rock or other Earth features.

• Erosion

• Rocks are broken down chemically and physically by the action of water, air, and organisms.

• Weathering

• Earth materials are worn away and transported by natural forces such as wind or water.

Answer explanation

Refer to your notes.

What is often the first step in producing soils?

• Erosion of rocks

• Weathering of minerals

• Deposition of sediments

• Melting of ice

Answer explanation

The first step in producing soils is the weathering of minerals, which breaks down rocks into smaller particles. This process is essential for soil formation, as it provides the necessary materials for soil development.

Mechanical Weathering changes the

(a)   of rocks, while chemical weathering​ (b)   of rocks.

• physical properties

• color

• chemical composition

• density

Answer explanation

Mechanical weathering alters the physical properties of rocks, such as size and shape, while chemical weathering changes the chemical composition, affecting minerals and their structure.

What is karst formation associated with? Select TWO answers.

• Formation of mountains

• Formation of sinkholes

• Formation of caves

• Formation of glaciers

Answer explanation

Karst formation is primarily associated with the dissolution of soluble rocks, leading to the creation of sinkholes and caves. This process occurs in limestone and similar materials, making 'Formation of sinkholes and caves' the correct choice.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

What is bioerosion?

• Erosion caused by plant growth

• Erosion caused by water

• Erosion caused by wind

• Erosion caused by heat

Answer explanation

Bioerosion refers to the erosion caused by living organisms, particularly plants and animals that break down substrates. Therefore, the correct choice is 'Erosion caused by plant growth', as it highlights the biological aspect of erosion.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

What can thermal erosion cause?

• Formation of sea stacks

• Breaking of icy permafrost

• Creation of sand dunes

• Movement of glaciers

Answer explanation

Thermal erosion primarily affects permafrost, causing it to break apart as temperatures rise. This process can lead to significant landscape changes, unlike the other options which are not directly related to thermal erosion.

What is the main agent of deposition in streams?

• Velocity

• Temperature

• Pressure

• Humidity

Answer explanation

The main agent of deposition in streams is velocity. As the velocity of the water decreases, it loses the energy needed to carry sediment, leading to deposition. Higher velocity can transport more material, while lower velocity results in sediment settling.

Match the following weathering types with their examples.

• Potholes forming in the road after a cold winter

• Biological Weathering

• Rust forming on iron surfaces

• Chemical Weathering

• Tree roots breaking through concrete

• Mechanical Weathering

Answer explanation

Refer to your notes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Identify the stages of sediment movement in the diagram.

a

b

c

Photosynthesis

Erosion

Deposition

Weathering

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-1

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2