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WorksheetsHAP Pre-Test Ch. 27-33
Total questions: 150
Worksheet time: 1hrs 15mins
Which list represents the levels of organization in the human body from simplest to most complex?
cell, organ, tissue, organ system
organ system, organ, tissue, cell
tissue, cell, organ, organ system
cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Ligaments connect
cartilage to bone.
muscle to muscle.
bone to muscle.
bone to bone.
Which of the following is NOT a function of skin?
helps regulate body temperature
protects internal organs
contracts and relaxes muscles
helps prevent infection
Which of the following is NOT part of the integumentary system?
skin
cartilage
nails
hair
Which of the following provides support for the body, attachment sites for muscles, and protection for soft organs?
skin
spinal cord
skeleton
joints
The main function of the skull is to
produce blood cells.
protect the heart and lungs.
house and protect the brain.
act like a lever for muscle attachment.
Which of the following is true about red marrow?
It makes cells that develop into blood cells.
It stores fat.
It produces new bone.
It is found in compact bones of adults.
What body part has a joint that works in a manner similar to a door hinge?
wrist
thumb
skull
knee
The elbow joint bends when
both the biceps and the triceps muscle contract.
both the biceps and the triceps muscle relax.
the biceps muscle contracts and the triceps muscle relaxes.
the biceps muscle relaxes and the triceps muscle contracts.
What happens when the thin filaments in a muscle fiber slide over the thick filaments?
A sarcomere contracts.
A sarcomere relaxes.
A sarcomere both contracts and relaxes.
A sarcomere neither contracts nor relaxes.
Where is cardiac muscle tissue located in the body?
heart
ribs
skull
bones
Which of the following produce keratin?
epidermal cells
sweat glands
adipose tissue cells
hair follicles
What are the two layers of the skin?
keratin and dermis
epidermis and melanin
epidermis and dermis
melanin and keratin
The epidermis is made up mostly of
flat, dead cells.
melanin.
collagen.
healthy, living cells.
Which of the following is a protein that makes up hair and nails?
sweat
melanin
collagen
keratin
Which of the following is NOT a function of bones in the human skeletal system?
house the brain
regulate body temperature
move body parts
protect organs
What is the skeleton of a newborn baby mainly composed of?
bone
cartilage
bone marrow
collagen
The most important function of the skin is
separating the body from its environment.
storing fat.
sweating.
tanning.
Where is the protein called actin located in the body?
marrow
thin filaments
myosin filaments
hair
In addition to myosin, what other protein is involved in skeletal muscle contraction?
collagen
actin
ATP
keratin
Myosin and actin make up
bones.
collagen.
sarcomeres.
red marrow.
What dense connective tissues join skeletal muscles to bones?
joints
ligaments
cartilage
tendons
What is the function of the nervous system?
sensory input
integration
motor output
all of the above
What is the smallest structural and functional unit of the nervous system?
nerve
neuron
brain
spinal cord
What begins when a neuron is stimulated by another neuron in its environment?
a threshold
an action potential
a nerve signal
a dendrite
Sense organs are part of the
sensory division.
central nervous system.
autonomic nervous system.
parasympathetic division.
When an action potential reaches the end of a neuron at a chemical synapse, it triggers the release of
neurotransmitters.
sodium ions.
dendrites.
receptors.
The division of the nervous system that helps the body react to pain is the
somatic nervous system.
sensory division.
autonomic nervous system.
sympathetic division.
Which of the following is a function of the cerebrum
controls conscious activities of the body
controls heart rate
controls blood pressure
controls breathing
Which general category of sensory receptors detects heat and cold?
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
photoreceptors
pain receptors
Drugs that generally increase activity in the central nervous system are called
stimulants.
depressants.
opiates.
alcohol.
What types of drugs generally slow down the activity of the central nervous system?
stimulatns
depressants
opiates
cocaine
Refer to the figure. The cell body of a neuron collects information from which structure?
1
7
6
5
Which division(s) of the peripheral nervous system transmit(s) impulses from sense organs to the central nervous system?
sensory division
motor division
sensory and motor divisions
spinal cord division
What is the function of neurotransmitters?
to transmit nerve impulses through dendrites
to stimulate the production of epinephrine
to transmit nerve impulses across synaptic clefts
none of the above
The ability to move your right hand is controlled by the
left hemisphere of the cerebrum.
right hemisphere of the cerebrum.
both the left and right hemispheres of the cerebrum.
neither hemisphere of the cerebrum.
The region of the brain that regulates hunger is the
brainstem.
medulla oblongata.
hypothalamus.
thalamus.
Your ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by the
brainstem.
cerebellum.
medulla.
cerebral cortex.
Which of the following general categories of sensory receptors are located everywhere in the body except the brain?
thermoreceptors
mechanoreceptors
photoreptors
pain receptors
Which of the five senses uses two types of photoreceptors called rods and cones?
vision
hearing
smell
taste
Which labeled structure in the figure creates sound waves in the cochlea?
7
6
5
12
Which labeled structure sends impulses to the brain that enable it to determine the head's motion and position?
A
B
C
D
Painful withdrawal symptoms can occur when a drug user attempts to stop using
opiates.
cocaine.
inhalants.
marijuana.
Alcohol does each of the following EXCEPT
slow CNS activity.
stimulate heart rate.
impair judgment.
disrupt coordination.
The energy to perform cellular work, as well as the materials from which body cells and tissues are made, comes form
cellulose
oxygen.
food.
blood.
Inorganic ions with diverse functions in the body are called
lipids.
proteins.
vitamins.
minerals.
What "food tube" carries food between the pharynx and the stomach?
small intestine epiglottis
epiglottis
esophagus
large intestine
The stomach breaks down food into an acidic liquid called
pepsin.
chyme.
amylase.
bile.
Water is absorbed from undigested material in the body primarily by the
bladder.
gallbladder.
large intestine.
pancreas.
Where does the process of chemical digestion begin?
stomach
esophagus
small instine
mouth
The essential amino acids the body needs must come from eating
proteins.
fats.
carbohydrates.
water.
What is one of the roles of the pancreas in digestion?
absorb nutrients
churn food
dissolve food
neutralize acids
Which of the followingfood groups should make up only the smallest part of the diet?
fats, oils, and sweets
mik, yogurt, and cheese
vegetables
fruit
The Food Guide Pyramid indicates that the majority of the food in your diet should be from
the group(s) at the top.
the group(s) at the bottom.
the group(s) in the middle
all of the groups in the same proportion.
A calorie is the amount of energy needed to
raise the temperature of the body by one degree Celsius.
raise the temperature of 1g of fat by one degree Celsius.
raise the temperature of 1 g of water by on degree Celsius.
none of the above
Substances that are needed by the body to build tissue and fuel cellular work are called
enzymes.
nutrients.
ATP.
Calories.
Proteins are polymers made of
minerals.
fats.
amino acids.
vitamins.
Which of the following would NOT be found in the stomach?
mucus
pepsin
villi
hydrochloric acid
The Food Guide Pyramid advises a person to eat more servings of
meat than dairy products.
grains than meat.
dairy products than vegetables.
dairy products than grains.
What enzyme found in saliva begins the chemical digestion of starches?
amylase
chyme
pepsin
hydrochloric acid
What does mechanical digestion in the stomach involve?
absorption of nutrients by villi
pepsin and bile
muscle contractions
bile and pancreatic fluid
A car is to gasoline as your body is to
your stomach.
your kidneys.
food.
enzymes.
About how many Calories does the average teenager need per day?
100 to 200
500 to 600
2,200 to 2,500
10,000
Which of the following food groups is NOT found in a sandwich of only bread, ham, and mayonnaise?
fats, oils, and sweets
milk, yogurt, and cheese
meat, poultry, fish, dry beans, eggs, and nuts
bread, cereal, rice, and pasta
An eating disorder characterized by self-starvartion is
undernutrition.
malnutrition.
anorexia.
bulimia.
Which of the following is NOT a part of the circulatory system?
heart
air passageway
blood vessels
blood
Which is the correct direction of blood flow?
right atrium --> right ventricle --> pulmonary artery
right atrium --> left atrium --> pulmonary artery
left ventricle --> pulmonary artery --> aorta
left ventricle --> left atrium --> aorta
Which body system collects the fluid that is lot by the blood and returns it to the circulatory system?
integumentary
lymphatic
respiratory
nervous
Which of the following pathways includes the heart, lungs, and the arteries, and veins between them?
systemic circuit
pulmonary circuit
systolic circuit
coronary circuit
A blood pressure reading of 120/80
is the normal blood pressure in a young child.
is an indication of hypertension in a resting adult.
indicates a systolic blood pressure of 120.
is determined by using an inflatable cuff to measure blood pressure in the veins.
Which of the following is the first step in blood clotting?
Platelets adhere to the site of the damage.
Platelets release clotting factor.
Fibrin filaments produce a patch.
Fibrin forms.
When the pressure of blood pumping through the blood vessels is constantly too high, the condition is known as
a heart attack.
hypertension.
aterosclerosis.
a stroke.
Air is forced into the lungs by the contraction of the
alveoli.
bronchiols.
diaphragm.
heart.
Emphysema and lung cancer can be caused by
swollen bronchi.
enlarged alveoli.
groups of cancer cells.
smoking.
Compared with the walls of arteries, the walls of veins
are thicker.
are thinner.
lack valves.
have more resistance.
Swollen lymph nodes might indicate
an infection.
high blood pressure.
varicose veins.
an irregular heartbeat.
Which of the following is a function of the lymphatic system?
collect and return lost fluid to the circulatory system
carry oxygen or hemoglobin molecules
absorb protein
exchange gases in the lungs
The function of valves in the hear is to
stimulate the heartbeat.
accelerate the flow of blood.
prevent the backward flow of blood.
serve as a cushion to prevent friction.
When the ventricles contract, they increase pressure in the
veins.
arteries.
capillaries.
pharynx.
Which of the following contain hemoglobin, a protein that stores oxygen for delivery to the cells?
red blood cells
white blood cells
plasma
all of the above
When an infection occurs, the number of
red blood cells increases.
red blood cells decreases.
white blood cells increases.
white blood cells decreases.
Which blood cells are most numerous in the body?
red
white
platelets
plasma
What structure is a chamber where the passageways for air and food cross?
pharynx
trachea
larynx
bronchus
Air is filtered, warmed, and moistened in the
nose and mouth.
throat.
lungs.
pharynx.
Which of the following is NOT contained in tobacco?
carbon monoxide
caffeine
nicotine
ammonia
The germ theory of disease states that infectious diseases are caused by
toxins.
pathogens.
heredity.
materials in the environment.
Which of the following is a way that an infectious disease might be transmitted?
through inhalation or physical contact
through contaminated water and food
by infected animals
all of the above
The body's nonspecific defenses against invading pathogens include
antibiotics.
mucus, sweat, and tears.
antibodies.
T cells.
The inflammatory response can cause
permanent immunity.
pain, swelling, and redness.
antibodies to bind to antigens.
T cells to attack infected cells.
An immune response is triggered by a(an)
antibiotic.
antigody.
antigen.
histamine.
Humoral immunity originates from
T cells.
NK cells.
B cells.
macrophages.
If a person has memory B cells against a certain pathogen, the person is
likely to develop that disease.
not likely to develop the disease a second time.
able to spread the disease to others through physical contact.
probably still sick with the disease.
When a person receives a vaccine, his or her body
receives antibodies against a specific pathogen.
produces memory cells that provide resistance to that pathogen.
produces antigens to fight the specific pathogen.
immediately begins fighting the infection caused by the pathogens.
Unlike passive immunity, in active immunity antibodies are produced by
the mother of an infant.
your own body.
other animals.
an autoimmune disease.
What happens when a person who is allergic to ragweed encounters ragweed?
Ragweed antigens bind to mast cells, which release histamine.
Ragweed antibodies attach the immune system.
Mast cells release antihistamines into the bloodstream.
The cells of the immune system become weakened.
Autoimmune diseases result when the immune system
fails to distinguish self from non-self.
overreacts to certain antigens.
is weakened by vaccines.
all of the above.
HIV weakens the immune system by killing mainly
antibodies.
B cells.
helper T cells.
killer T cells.
An example of an autoimmune disease is
AIDS.
allergies.
multiple sclerosis.
strep throat.
An infectious disease is one that is caused by
heredity.
materials in the environment.
pathogens.
an organ transplant.
Which of the following is NOT a step in identifying the pathogen that causes a specific disease?
The pathogen should be found in the body of a healthy organism.
The pathogen should be isolated and grown in a pure culture.
The purified pathogens should cause the same disease in a new host.
The pathogen should be isolated from the second host.
An example of an infectious disease that is caused by a virus is
athlete's foot.
trichinosis.
the common cold.
Lyme disease.
Which of the following is an example of a disease-carrying organism and the disease it spreads?
tall grass and Lyme diseae
the deer tick and Lyme disease
the Nile river and West Nile disease
insecticides and malaria
A person who has received a vaccine against polio
is able to produce antibodies against polio.
is more susceptible to the polio virus than someone who has not had the vaccine.
has polio antibodies in the bloodstream.
has antipolio killer T cells in the bloodstream.
The sneezing, runny nose and itch eyes associated with allergies are caused when
smooth muscles reduce the size of air passageways in the lungs.
the immune system attacks the body's own cells.
mast cells release histamine.
infected cells produce interferon.
The symptoms of the inflammatory response include
runny nose and a cough.
redness, heat, swelling, and pain.
unusual infections of the lungs, mouth, throat, and skin.
formation of a vaccine.
Which of the following presents a risk of spreading HIV?
abstaining from sex
sharing a needle
kissing someone on the cheek
using a sterile needle to receive a medical injection
All of the following are ways that HIV can be spread EXCEPT
sharing needles for intravenous drug use.
tending to another person's bleeding wound when you have a cut on your hand.
using another person's hairbrush.
sexual contact.
Negative feedback means that an increase in a substance will trigger
decreased production of that substance.
increased production of that substance.
increased production of other substances.
stopping the production of another substance.
The function of the kidneys is to regulate the balance of water and salts and to
break down nutrients.
remove wastes.
absorb nutrients.
prevent infection.
In what structure in the image do filtration and reabsorption occur?
kidney
renal vein
urinary bladder
ureter
Dialysis processes blood outside the body and
carries urine to the urinary bladder.
pumps blood thoughout the body.
returns filtered blood to the body.
forces water into cells and tissues by osmosis.
The endocrine system
affects only the excretory system.
releases hormones.
competes with the nervous system.
functions in preventing homeostasis.
The image shows the body's
hormones.
target cells.
endocrine glands.
exocrine glands.
Which structure in the image regulates the level of calcium in the blood?
C
E
F
A
What is the function of the structure labeled F in the image?
to produce sex hormones
to produce thyroxin
to produce insulin and glucagon
to produce releasing hormones
Which structure in the figure releases numerous hormones and regulates many of the other endocrine glands?
B
D
F
H
Which gland fails to produce enough of its hormone in the disease diabetes mellitus?
adrenal
hypothalamus
pancreas
parathyroid
The main organs of the excretory system are the
kidneys.
lungs.
intestines.
adrenals.
Which of the following is NOT part of a nephron?
urethra
tubule
glomerulus
Bowman's capsule
What percentage of the filtrate's water that enters Bowman's capsule is reabsorbed into the blood?
99 percent
80 percent
50 percent
less than 25 percent
When the hypothalamus detects a decreased solute concentration in the blood, it directs the kidneys (through the pituitary) to
excrete less urine.
return more water to the blood by filtration.
return more water to the blood by reabsorption.
return less water to the blood by reabsorption.
Which of the following are involved in regulating the activity of the kidneys?
the composition of the blood
regulatory hormones that are released in response to the composition of blood
both a and b
none of the above
Dialysis performs the function of the
liver.
ureter.
kidneys.
urinary bladder.
What materials are removed from the blood through dialysis?
urea and excess salts
water
ADH and hydrogen
glucose
Unlike nonsteroid hormones, steroid hormones
remain outside the target cell.
bind to receptors inside the target cell.
have no target cells.
are made of proteins.
One way the endocrine system helps maintain homeostasis is by having
each gland secrete only one hormone.
two hormones with opposite effects regulate certain bodily functions.
only steroid hormones regulate important functions.
the pituitary gland regulate all the other glands.
Which endocrine gland secretes sex hormones?
adrenal medulla
testis
hypothalamus
pituitary
Which gland produces epinephrine and norephinephrine in response to stress?
parathyroid
hypothalamus
pituitary
adrenal
Which structure begins production of sperm?
scrotum
epididymis
testis
vas deferens
One menstrual cycle usually lasts about a
day.
week.
month.
year.
During the menstrual cycle, high levels of LH cause the
corpus luteum to disintegrate.
follicle to release a mature egg.
uterine lining to detach from the uterus.
the lining of the uterus to thicken.
Which hormones stimulate sperm production?
FSH and testosterone
estrogens
androgens
testosterone and progesterone
A zygote is a
two-celled embryo.
solid ball of about 50 cells.
blastocyst.
fertilized egg cell.
During the process of fertilization, which step happens first?
The sperm's nucleus enters the oocyte cell.
Enzymes break down the protective layer of the oocyte.
A sperm attaches to an oocyte.
The plasma membrane of the oocyte changes.
What is the result of gastrulation?
a blastocyst
a zygote
the amnion
three cell layers
Which of the following is a function of the placenta?
mixing the blood of the mother and the fetus
protecting the fetus from any drugs or alcohol in the mother's body
transferring nutrients to the fetus
cushioning and protecting the fetus
Which of the following is characteristic of infancy?
rapid physical growth
the start of puberty
menopause
reaching 70 percent of one's adult height
Which of the following usually develop(s) during childhood?
communication skills
social skills
the body and limbs
all of the above
Which of the following is NOT a function of the female reproductive system?
to produce eggs
to prepare the body to carry an embryo
to deliver sperm
to release eggs into the oviducts
Which organ system is responsible for making and delivering sperm?
female reproductive system
endocrine system
nervous system
male reproductive system
Which of the following is NOT a phase in the menstrual cycle?
menstruation
proliferation
fertilization
ovulation
The testes and the ovaries do not begin producing mature reproductive cells until
birth.
fertilization.
gastrulation.
puberty.
Testosterone is needed for the development of
eggs.
sperm.
the uterus.
all of the above
Which of the following are required for fertilization to occur inside the female body?
Sperm must swim into an oviduct.
An oocyte must be present in the oviduct.
The nucleus of a sperm must fuse with an oocyte nucleus.
all of the above
Where does fertilization usually occur?
oviduct
ovary
uterus
vagina
Which of the following forms during gastrulation?
endoderm
ectoderm
mesoderm
all of the above
Which of the following processes happens last?
gastrulation
implantation
fertilization
ovulation
The placenta connects the
fetus to the mother's uterus
ectoderm to the endoderm.
umbilical cord to the mother's vagina.
uterus to the cervix.
Which of the following stages of the human life cycle occurs first?
puberty
adulthood
adolescence
childhood
Which of the following secondary sex characteristics is caused by sex hormones?
deepening of the voice
development of breasts in females
development of facial hair in males
all of the above
