the edge of a continent

a deep-sea hot spring where heated seawater forces its way up through the crust

convergent boundary

divergent boundary

transform boundary

Type of boundary between plates "I" and "N"

Type of boundary between plate "B" and "D"

Type of boundary between plate "L" and "B"

flat floors of the ocean

chains of volcanically active islands that are formed by subduction zones

location of maximum ocean depths

underwater volcanoes

small "hill" at the bottom of the continental slope; created by the sediments that fall from the shelf

steep gradient that leads to the deep ocean floor

underwater extension of the coastal plain; biologically rich

long chain of mountains w/a central rift boundary; located along a divergent boundary

creates earthquakes

subduction; ocean trench forms; volcanic mountain range

subduction; ocean trench forms; volcanic island arc

rift valley forms

crust buckles and forms into mountain chains

mid-ocean ridge forms; widening of ocean basins

Which of the follwing layers of our atmosphere controls earth's weather?

Our climate is controlled by what type of energy from the sun?

The suns rays are most concentrated on the Earth when they

What is the driving force behind wind and currents?

Which one of the following is NOT one of the most important greenhouse gases?

When objects move over a long distance over the Earth's surface, they are forced to bend to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere. What is this phenomena called?

Which layer of the ocean is mixed by wind, waves, and current?

The movement of large volumes of bottom water to the surface is known as

Water masses in the ocean sink or rise to a certain depth based on their

What type of excess gas have the oceans absorbed that have caused them to become more acidic?

Cyclonic storms are rotating storms that are formed over

At which place on the Earth is the level of radiation the highest?

What is the driving force behind wind?

Which layer of the Earth is known as the permanent thermocline?

Units for salinity are measured in

The density of seawater depends on

Which of the following is NOT a way in which trace elements usually enter the ocean?

Dissolved gases are an important part of the chemistry of seawater. What gas do marine plants and phytoplankton produce through photosynthesis?

The pH of the ocean is dropping, causing the ocean to become more alkaline. What is this process called?

What two ions compose about 85% of the ions contained in seawater?

How are waves formed?

Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences the formation of waves?

What type of energy does a wave have?

In deep water, wave speed is dependent on the

Waves with a water depth less than 1/20th the wavelength

What is responsible for moving sand and sediments down a beach?

Sudden movements of Earth's crust can cause what type of wave?

The highest level that a tide rises in a day is

As we dive underwater, we lose colors of the visible light spectrum. Which color of visible light do we lose first?

a semi-enclosed area where fresh water and seawater meet and mix

What type of estuary is formed by the drowning of low land around mouths of rivers when sea levels rose after the last ice age?

What type of estuary is formed by sediments/silt accumulating rather then being washed away by currents/ocean waves?

What type of estuary is formed by ocean waves/currents pushing sediments forward?

What type of estuary is formed by land sinking due to movements of the Earth's crust?

What type of estuary is formed as deep valleys are cut as a result of retreating glaciers?

The estuarine community that has bottoms that become exposed at low tide are called

Which type of estuarine community has high primary production and serves as a nursery for young of many species?

Organisms that can only tolerate a narrow range of salinities are called

Organisms that can tolerate a wide range of salinities are called

Which type of estuarine community usually replaces salt marshes in subtropical/tropical areas?

A vertical root extension that help exchange gases called a pneumatophore would be found in what type of estuarine community?

What type of estuarine community can only be found in an estuary if water clarity permits?

What type of community may be the only source of hard substrate in an estuary?

A sea-star or brittle star would be considered

Organisms that burrow or dig on the bottom, disturbing and oxygenating the sediments are called

This type of community can only develop on the continental shelf if water clarity permits and there are sheltered, shallow waters.

Which shelf community would only be found in clear, cold waters with rocky bottoms?

This community of the continental shelf has infauna, epifauna, and meiofauna

What draws water back to the Earth during the water cycle?

What is the Earth's major resevoir of carbon?

Organisms such as fallen leaves, dead bodies, and animal waste enter the carbon cycle by which process?

Which of the following is responsible for releasing carbon back into the atmosphere?

How is nitrogen released back into the atmosphere?

What happens as phosphorus erodes from rock and soil?

On Earth, where is the main reservoir of phosphorus?

Which one of the following is considered a biotic factor?

All individuals of the same species living together is called a

Resources that affect the growth of a population are called

As a population becomes more crowded, the growth rate of that population will

The maximum number of individuals that any habitat can support is called

What happens when species coexist by sharing a resource to become specialized?

What happens when one species eliminates another by outcompeting it?

If the sea otters in this food chain were removed, what would happen to the sea urchin and kelp populations?

Which type of symbiosis happens when one species benefits and one is harmed?

Which type of symbiosis happens when both species benefit?

Which type of symbiosis happens when one species benefits and the other seems to have no effect?

What makes an organism "successful" (biologically)?

Light does not penetrate in which of the following zones? (select ALL that apply)

If an organism consumes primary producers, what trophic level is applicable?

On average, how much energy is transferred to the next level of the food chain?

Pelagic organisms that drift with the currents are

Organisms that are sessile or move about on the bottom are considered