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WorksheetsBIO 105 Semester 1 Final Exam Practice
Total questions: 82
Worksheet time: 42mins
Plant chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight to
chemical energy
oxygen & carbon dioxide
kinetic energy
electrical energy
Every living thing on Earth and all of the places where life exists is known as
a biological community
an ecosystem
a biome
the biosphere
Which of the following types of cells lack a nucleus?
plant
protists
fungi
archaea
animal
Investigating the molecular structure of DNA in order to understand the chemical basis of inheritance is an example of which approach utilized in the study of biology?
emergent properties
mutualism
systems biology
reductionism
Living things are divided into three different domains. Which of these domains are classified as prokaryotes?
Archaea and Monera
Bacteria and Eukarya
Bacteria and Archaea
Eukarya and Monera
Bacteria and Protista
Which is most likely to be successful in an evolutionary sense?
an organism that lives 100 years and leaves two offspring, both of whom survive to reproduce
a female who mates with 20 males and produces two offspring who live to reproduce
an organism that dies after five days of life but leaves ten offspring, all of whom survive to reproduce
a male who mates with 20 females and fathers one offspring
a reproductively sterile individual who never falls ill
What is Charles Darwin's most significant original contribution to understanding both the unity and diversity of life?
He explained the relationship between genes and evolution.
He observed that individuals in a population generally displayed variation for a number of traits.
He suggested that survival depends upon competition.
He documented examples of organisms that had evolved over time.
He proposed a mechanism to explain the process of evolution.
Which of the following represents the correct hierarchy of biological organization from large-scale to smaller scale?
biosphere → ecosystems → populations→ communities → organisms
biosphere → ecosystems → communities → populations → organisms
biosphere → communities → populations → ecosystems → organisms
communities → populations → organisms → ecosystems → biosphere
ecosystems → biosphere → communities → populations → organisms
Which is a controlled experiment
the experiment is repeated many times to ensure that the results are accurate.
the experiment proceeds at a slow pace to guarantee that the scientist can carefully observe all reactions and process all experimental data.
there are at least two groups, one of which does not receive the experimental treatment.
there are at least two groups, one differing from the other by two or more variables.
What is necessary for a good scientific hypothesis?
It must lead to testable predictions.
It must generate quantitative data.
It must explain a large body of specific observations.
It must be proven to be true.
Which of the following constitutes a controlled experiment?
growing one set of ten seedlings under white light at 30°C and one set of a different type of seedlings under red light at 25°C and measuring their growth over a period of two weeks
growing one set of ten seedlings under white light and one set of the same type of seedlings under red light and measuring their growth over a period of two weeks
setting up a bird feeder and compiling a list of all of the bird species seen at the feeder over a period of several weeks
using a microscope to observe organisms present in a sample of pond water and recording the number of each type of organism observed
Which four of these elements make up approximately 96% of living matter?
carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium
carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen
carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen
carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen
The nucleus of a calcium atom contains 20 neutrons and 20 protons. Which of the following is a correct statement concerning calcium?
The calcium atom has a mass number of 40 and an atomic number of 20.
The calcium atom has a mass number of 40 and an atomic number of 40.
The calcium atom has a mass number of 40 and an atomic number of 60.
The calcium atom has a mass number of 20 and an atomic number of 60.
The calcium atom has a mass number of 20 and an atomic number of 40.
Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and a mass number of 35. How many electrons are needed to complete the valence shell of a chlorine atom?
7
3
0
9
1
A covalent chemical bond is one in which
protons and neutrons are shared by two atoms so as to satisfy the requirements of both atoms.
an electron from a full outer electron shell of one atom is shared so as to occupy the outer electron shell of both atoms.
electrons are removed from one atom and transferred to another atom so that the two atoms become oppositely charged.
outer-shell electrons of one atom are transferred to fill the inner electron shell of another atom.
outer-shell electrons of two atoms are shared so as to occupy the outer electron shells of both atoms.
What bond is formed by sharing of electrons between atoms?
a polar covalent bond
a nonpolar covalent bond
a hydrophobic interaction
an ionic bond
When is a covalent bond is likely to be polar
the two atoms sharing electrons are equally electronegative.
the two atoms sharing electrons are the same element.
the two atoms sharing electrons are different elements.
oxygen is one of the two atoms sharing electrons.
one of the atoms sharing electrons is much more electronegative than the other atom.
How is an ionic bond is formed?
transfer of a proton from one atom to another.
transfer of an electron from one atom to another.
sharing of a pair of protons between two atoms.
sharing of a single electron between two atoms.
sharing of a pair of electrons between two atoms.
Which is the strongest molecular interaction?
van der Waals interactions
van der Waals interactions in a nonpolar environment
covalent bonds
ionic bonds in an aqueous environment
hydrogen bonds
One liter of a solution of pH 8 has how many more hydroxyl ions (OH-) than 1 L of a solution of pH 4?
100,000 times more
10,000 times more
50,000 more
32 times more
5 times more
What type of bonds do carbon atoms most likely form?
covalent bonds
ionic bonds
covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds
hydrogen bonds
Which of the following is a monomer?
DNA
triglyceride
disaccharide
amino acid
Which summarizes the relationship between dehydration reactions and hydrolysis?
Dehydration reactions create monomers, and hydrolysis reactions assemble polymers.
Dehydration reactions split water molecules and add hydroxyl groups to polymers, and hydrolysis reactions remove hydroxyl groups from polymers.
Dehydration reactions break down polymers, and hydrolysis reactions create monomers.
Dehydration reactions assemble polymers, and hydrolysis reactions break down polymers.
The chemical formula C6H12O6 is probably a
lipid
monosaccharide
hydrocarbon
glycerol
Which of the following statements is true of saturated fats?
They contain fewer hydrogen atoms than unsaturated fats having the same number of carbon atoms.
They are generally solid at room temperature.
They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
They are more common in plants than in animals.
There are 20 different amino acids. What makes one amino acid different from another?
different asymmetric carbons
different side chains (R groups) attached to an α carbon
different side chains (R groups) attached to the amino groups
different side chains (R groups) attached to the carboxyl carbon
The α helix and β pleated sheet are examples of which level of protein structure?
primary
secondary
tertiary
quatenary
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaterary
Which is a primary function of RNA molecules?
transmit genetic information to offspring.
act as a pattern or blueprint to form DNA.
make a copy of itself, thus ensuring genetic continuity.
function in the synthesis of proteins.
Nucleotides are composed of
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and an amino acid.
a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.
a nitrogenous base and a pentose sugar.
a nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.
Which are purines?
adenine and thymine
uracil and cytosine
thymine and uracil
cytosine and guanine
guanine and adenine
If a DNA sample was 15% adenine, what would be the percentage of thymine?
50
35
30
15
Fats/lipids are
likely saturated if they are solid at room temperature
unsaturated if they have one or more double bonds
healthier when unsaturated
all of these
The level protein structure least affected by disrupted hydrogen bonds.
primary
secondary
tertiary
quaternary
Which isn't part of the endomembrane system?
chloroplast
plasma membrane
Golgi apparatus
nuclear envelope
The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain
water
pyruvate
oxygen
NAD+
The finest resolution can be achieved by using a
transmission electronic microscope.
confocal fluorescence microscope.
scanning electron microscope.
phase-contrast light microscope.
Most appropriate technique to observe movements of condensed chromosomes during cell division?
super-resolution microscopy
scanning electron microscopy
standard light microscopy
transmission electron microscopy
Which of the following won't be part of a bacterium?
plasma membrane
ribosomes
DNA
endoplasmic reticulum
flagella
What are the two domains that prokaryotes belong in?
Bacteria and Eukarya
Bacteria and Archaea
Bacteria and Protista
Archaea and Protista
Proteins destined for export are synthesized in this part of the cell?
rough ER
smooth ER
lysosomes
Golgi vesicles
free cytoplasmic ribosomes
Due to the detoxifying activity of the liver which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process of detoxification and therefore abundant in liver cells?
smooth ER
rough ER
Golgi apparatus
nuclear envelope
lysosomes
Which is a function of the Golgi apparatus?
synthesis of cytoplasmic proteins
detoxification of toxins
assembly of ribosomal subunits
protein modification and sorting
Most of the volume of a plant cell is frequently occupied by which organelle?
vacuole
Golgi apparatus
lysosome
mitochondrion
peroxisome
Which is found exclusively in plant cells?
plastids
peroxisomes
Golgi apparatus
nuclei
Which organelle contains its own DNA and ribosomes?
rough ER
mitochondrion
vacuole
Golgi apparatus
peroxisome
Which pathway is taken by a protein destined for secretion from an animal cell?
plasma membrane → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → rough ER
Golgi → rough ER → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
rough ER → transport vesicle → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane
rough ER → transport vesicle → Golgi → transport vesicle → lysosome → plasma membrane
Passive movement of fluids and bacteria from the interior of the small intestine through the space between cells of the intestinal wall can cause serious infection and medical complications. Defects in which of the following would be associated with such a condition?
gap junctions
cell walls
tight junctions
middle lamella
desmosomes
What are plasmodesmata in plant cells most similar to in animal cells?
peroxisomes
desmosomes
gap junctions
extracellular matrix
tight junctions
Which best describes the fluid mosaic model?
consist of a phospholipid bilayer composed of a variety of fatty acids.
consist of protein molecules embedded in a fluid bilayer of phospholipids.
consist of a single layer of phospholipids and proteins.
consist of a phospholipid bilayer between two layers of hydrophilic proteins.
Cell membranes are primarily composed of
phospholipids and cellulose.
proteins and cellulose.
cholesterol and proteins.
glycoproteins and cholesterol.
phospholipids and proteins.
How do unsaturated fatty acids help keep any membrane more fluid at lower temperatures?
The double bonds form kinks in the fatty acid tails that prevent adjacent lipids from packing tightly together.
Unsaturated fatty acids have a higher cholesterol content that prevents adjacent lipids from packing tightly together.
Unsaturated fatty acids are more polar than saturated fatty acids.
The double bonds result in shorter fatty acid tails and therefore thinner membranes.
A hydrophobic gas nitrous oxide (N2O) (laughing gas) moving into a cell is an example of
active transport across the lipid bilayer.
facilitated diffusion through the lipid bilayer.
diffusion through the lipid bilayer.
osmosis through the lipid bilayer.
cotransport across the lipid bilayer.
Why are cell membranes are asymmetrical?
Proteins only function on the cytoplasmic side of the cell membrane, which results in asymmetry across the membrane.
Cell-to-cell communication requires different proteins on the surfaces of interacting cells.
The molecular composition of the inner and outer layers of the cell membrane is determined by genes.
The two sides of a cell membrane face different environments and carry out different functions.
Which molecules pass through a cell membrane most easily?
large hydrophobic
small hydrophobic
large polar
small ionic
large and hydrophilic
Which statement is true about diffusion?
It is very rapid over long distances.
It requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
It is an active process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration.
It is a passive process in which molecules move from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration.
Why does water pass quickly through cell membranes?
the bilayer is hydrophilic.
it moves through hydrophobic channels.
water movement is tied to ATP hydrolysis.
it is a small, nonpolar molecule.
it moves through aquaporin channel proteins.
Submerging a plant cell in distilled water causes
plasmolysis of the cell.
lysis of the cell membrane.
bursting of the cell.
the cell becoming turgid.
the cell becoming flaccid.
A red blood cell submerged in distilled water will result in
plasmolysis of the cell.
lysis of the cell.
the cell becoming turgid.
the cell becoming flacid.
Transport by sodium-potassium pump requires
low intracellular concentrations of sodium.
high intracellular concentrations of sodium.
high intracellular concentrations of potassium.
low intracellular concentrations of potassium.
energy from ATP.
How are pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis different?
pinocytosis brings only water molecules into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis brings in other molecules as well.
pinocytosis increases the surface area of the plasma membrane, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis decreases the plasma membrane surface area.
pinocytosis is nonselective in the molecules it brings into the cell, whereas receptor-mediated endocytosis is highly selective.
pinocytosis requires cellular energy, but receptor-mediated endocytosis does not.
pinocytosis can concentrate substances from the extracellular fluid, but receptor-mediated endocytosis cannot.
What is the role of kinases in signal transduction?
inactivate relay molecule to turn off signal transduction.
regulate gene expression by serving as a transcription factor.
inactivate second messengers such as cAMP.
activate protein kinases or other relay molecules in a series.
What do G proteins do in signal transduction?
transducing the signal from an activated receptor to the next protein in the pathway.
binding extracellular signal molecules to activate the pathway.
converting ATP to cATP to amplify the signal.
phosphorylating relay molecules in the pathway.
When large molecules are broken into smaller ones it is defined as
catalysis.
metabolism.
anabolism.
dehydration
catabolism
Making large molecules from smaller ones is
catalysis
metabolism.
anabolism
dehydration.
catabolism
Energy transformations are always associated with an increase in the
free energy of the system.
free energy of the universe.
entropy of the system.
entropy of the universe.
Which is true of metabolism in its entirety in all organisms?
Metabolism depends on a constant supply of energy from food.
Metabolism manages the increase of entropy in an organism.
Metabolism specifically refers to the biochemical pathways involved in synthesis of macromolecules.
Metabolism consists of all the energy transformation reactions in an organism.
Which does science test?
a data set
a hypothesis
an observation
a conclusion
a control group
What makes each element unique?
Each element has a unique atomic mass.
Each element has a unique atomic number.
Each element has a unique number of protons.
Each element has a unique number of neutrons.
Each element has unique radioactive properties.
An atom with atomic number 11 would have what type of chemical behavior in bonding with other elements?
It would form ions with a +1 charge.
It would form ions with a +2 charge.
It would form ions with a -1 charge.
It would form ions with a -2 charge.
It would form two covalent bonds with other atoms.
Which are compounds?
H2O, O2, and CH4
H2O and O2
O2 and CH4
CH4 and O2, but not H2O
H2O and CH4, but not O2
In a single molecule of water, two hydrogen atoms are bonded to a single oxygen atom by
hydrogen bonds.
nonpolar covalent bonds.
polar covalent bonds.
ionic bonds.
van der Waals interactions.
Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
amino
carbonyl
carboxyl
phosphate
hydroxyl
Testosterone and estradiol are male and female sex hormones, respectively. How do they differ from each other?
Testosterone and estradiol are structural isomers but have the same molecular formula.
Testosterone and estradiol are cis-trans isomers but have the same molecular formula.
Testosterone and estradiol have different functional groups attached to the same carbon skeleton.
Testosterone and estradiol are enantiomers of the same organic molecule.
Living organisms increase in complexity as they grow, resulting in a decrease in the entropy of an organism. How does this relate to the second law of thermodynamics?
Living organisms do not obey the second law of thermodynamics, which states that entropy must increase with time.
Living organisms do not follow the laws of thermodynamics.
As a consequence of growing, organisms cause a greater increase in entropy in their environment than the decrease in entropy associated with their growth.
Living organisms are able to transform energy into entropy.
Which is an example of potential energy?
the muscle contractions of a person mowing grass
water rushing over Niagara Falls
light flashes emitted by a firefly
a molecule of glucose
A system at chemical equilibrium
consumes energy at a steady rate.
releases energy at a steady rate.
consumes or releases energy at a steady rate, depending on whether it is exergonic or endergonic.
can do no work.
Metabolic pathways that release stored energy by breaking down complex molecules are known as
catabolic pathways.
anabolic pathways.
bioenergetic pathways.
endergonic pathways.
As a result of an oxidation-reduction reaction the oxidizing agent
gains electrons and gains potential energy.
gains electrons and loses potential energy.
loses electrons and loses potential energy.
loses electrons and gains potential energy.
In animal cells, glycolysis occurs in the
cytosol.
outer mitochondrial membrane.
inner mitochondrial membrane.
mitochondrial matrix.
nucleus
The ATP produced in glycolysis is generated by
chemiosmosis
electron transport.
photophosphorylation
oxidative phosphorylation.
substrate-level phosphorylation.
The complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration occurs through which of the following sequence of metabolic reactions?
glucose → citric acid cycle → glycolysis → pyruvate oxidation → electron transport chain
glucose → pyruvate oxidation → glycolysis → electron transport chain → citric acid cycle
glucose → glycolysis → pyruvate oxidation → citric acid cycle → electron transport chain
glucose → glycolysis → citric acid cycle → pyruvate oxidation → electron transport chain
glucose → pyruvate oxidation → citric acid cycle → glycolysis → electron transport chain
The net production of Glycolysis from each molecule of glucose results in a which of the following?
2 NAD+, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
4 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 4 ATP
2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
6 CO2, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate, and 2 ATP
6 CO2, 2 pyruvate, and 30 ATP
