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Year 9 - ESS

Total questions: 122

Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Iceland is able to use the large amount of volcanoes to its advantage. The underground magma is used to heat and supply electricity for a large portion of the country. The use of this type of energy has great advantage over burning coal because

a)

renewable resources are being used

b)

all answer choices are correct

c)

the cost is much less than coal

d)

it does not create CO2 which may contribute to climate change

2.

Which of the following statements is not true of temperature in Earth's layers?

a)

The heat in the interior of the Earth is maintained by internal pressure and density

b)

The lithosphere has a higher temperature than the asthenosphere

c)

Radioactive substances inside the Earth release energy which creates heat

d)

heat increases with depth from the Earth's surface

3.

The intense heat from Earth's interior that warms the magma beneath the Earth's surface is called

a)

geothermal energy

b)

hydrogen energy

c)

tidal power

d)

solar energy

4.

Waves travel at different speeds through the Earth's interior. What property distinguishes the Earth's crust, mantle, and core?

a)

mass

b)

pressure

c)

composition

d)

temperature

5.

The pie chart illustrates the fuel sources for electricity in the country. Which of the following statements is true according to the pie chart?

a)

Renewable resources are the main source for electricity in the country

b)

Nuclear energy accounts for a large part of the non-renewable resources in the country

c)

Fossil fuels are the main energy source for electricity in the country.

d)

Non-renewable resources are used as often as renewable resources in the country

6.

Which diagram best represents the type of plate movement that results in FOLDED mountains?

a)
b)
c)
d)
7.

Like the layers of the ocean, the Earth's crust is divided into part based on physical properties. Which of the following statements best describes a layer of the Earth?

a)

The asthenosphere has the greatest density

b)

The mesosphere has the least density

c)

The outer core has the least density

d)

The inner core has the greatest density

8.

In which of these ways can volcanoes help build up new land?

a)

by adding water vapor to the atmosphere

b)

by adding heat to Earth's surface

c)

by adding gases to the atmosphere

d)

by adding lava to Earth's surface

9.

As you move northwest through the Hawaiian Islands, the age of the islands increases. The older islands are northwest of the new islands because they

a)

age faster than those to the east

b)

formed from old, recycled, silica-rich magma

c)

were made of less lava than the southwestern islands

d)

formed first and were moved away from the hot spot

10.

Where on the ocean floor is new ocean crust being created?

a)

the continental shelf

b)

the continental slope

c)

the deep ocean trenches

d)

the mid-ocean ridges

11.

Which occurrence is NOT caused by the motion of Earth's plates?

a)

ocean tides

b)

mountain formation

c)

earthquakes

d)

volcanoes

12.

The movement of the two continents as shown in picture can best explained by

a)

plate tectonics

b)

coastal flooding

c)

magnetic changes

d)

volcanic eruptions

13.

Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur in areas of the Pacific Ocean called the "Ring of Fire." Scientists agree that the reason for this is

a)

That part of the Earth is hotter than all other parts of Earth.

b)

A large number of people live in these areas.

c)

The ocean weighs so much that it forces magma up.

d)

plate boundaries are located in those areas

14.

The image represents the type of plate movement found on the San Andreas fault line. What type of motion would you expect to find this region?

a)

convergent motion

b)

divergent motion

c)

transform motion

d)

sea floor spreading

15.

Which of the following would be the least likely cause of volcanic eruption?

a)

gas pressure within Earth's crust

b)

new magma flowing into an already full magma chamber

c)

tectonic plates sliding past each other

d)

tectonic plates colliding

16.

Look at the picture of the table. According to this information, the earthquake that produced this damage had a magnitude of about

a)

3.0

b)

5.0

c)

2.5

d)

6.5

17.

Which of these statements does NOT support the theory of plate tectonics?

a)

The continents appear to fit together like pieces of a puzzle

b)

South American mountain ranges align with African mountain ranges

c)

Similar fossils are found on different continents

d)

Antarctica seems to have always been covered with glaciers

18.

Earthquakes are most likely to occur where

a)

the density cracks thin areas of Earth's crust

b)

heat causes the mantle to expand

c)

there are plate boundaries

d)

bubbles of magma rise to the surface

19.

What is the core made of?

a)

steel

b)

magnesium

c)

aluminum

d)

iron

20.
What describes the outer core?
a)
solid
b)
liquid
c)
viscous
d)
gas
21.
Why is the inner core solid?
a)
its unknown
b)
what it's made of
c)
the pressure
d)
it is colder than the outer core
22.
Which layer of the Earth is the only liquid layer?
a)
Outer Core
b)
Inner Core
c)
Mantle
d)
Lithosphere
23.
What layer is a semisolid and acts like a plastic?
a)
Lithosphere
b)
Mantle
c)
Asthenosphere
d)
crust
24.
What happens to pressure as we move from the crust to the inner core?
a)
Pressure Decreases
b)
Pressure Increases
c)
Nothing
25.
What happens to temperature as we move from the crust to the inner core?
a)
Decreases
b)
Increases
c)
Nothing
26.
Less dense materials rise to the top.
a)
True
b)
False
27.
Which layer of Earth has the GREATEST density?
a)
crust
b)
mantle
c)
outer core
d)
inner core
28.
Identify layer  #20.
a)
mantle
b)
pizza crust
c)
inner core
d)
outer core
29.

The element that has the highest density found throughout the composition of the Earth is _____.

a)

Iron

b)

Aluminum

c)

Magnesium

30.

If the pressure is greater than the temperature, the layer will be _________.

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

semi-liquid rock

31.

If the temperature is greater than the pressure, the layer will be _________.

a)

solid

b)

liquid

c)

semi-liquid rock

32.

____________ is the outermost system which is an invisible layer of gases that surround the planet.

a)

biosphere

b)

hydrosphere

c)

geosphere

d)

atmosphere

33.

What is the atmosphere made of?

a)

Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Trace gases

b)

Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Helium

c)

Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Trace gases

d)

Nitrogen and Oxygen

34.

If you climbed a mountain, what would you expect the temperature to do?

a)

decrease (get colder)

b)

increase (get warmer)

c)

stay the same

35.

Where is most of Earth's water located?

a)

Oceans

b)

Lakes

c)

Ponds

d)

Swamps

36.

What is a reservoir?

a)

A natural location where water is stored

b)

An underground hide out

c)

A plant eating dinosaur

d)

A layer of the hydrosphere

37.

Where is most of Earth's freshwater located?

a)

Oceans

b)

Lakes

c)

Glaciers and Ice Caps

d)

Groundwater

38.

Which of the following is NOT a type of rock?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Isoceles

d)

Sedimentary

39.
Middle part of the mantle that is partially molten rock, or putty like, or semisolid.
a)
Asthenosphere
b)
Mesosphere
c)
Lithosphere
d)
Crust
40.
What two layers make up the core?  
a)
Mesosphere and 
Asthenosphere 
b)
Inner and Outer core
c)
Lithosphere and Outer Core
d)
Inner core and Mesosphere
41.
The central or inner most part of the earth, made of 2 layers.  
a)
Mantle 
b)
Crust
c)
Core
42.
Made of mostly iron and nickel.
a)
Mantle and crust
b)
Mantle and core
c)
Inner core and outer core
d)
Crust only
43.
Outer most layer of the earth.
a)
Core
b)
Mantle 
c)
Crust
44.
Thin layer that has two layer called oceanic and continental.  
a)
Crust
b)
Core
c)
Mantle
d)
Atmosphere
45.
Includes the crust and upper mantle that is divided into several constant moving plates of solid rock that floats on the layer below it. 
a)
Asthenosphere 
b)
Mesosphere
c)
Lithosphere 
d)
Crust
46.
A cold rigid layer or brittle layer located on the outside. 
a)
Inner core
b)
Outer core 
c)
Crust 
d)
Lithosphere
47.
The inner most layer is ...
a)
hot, metallic liquid
b)
hot, metallic solid
c)
cold, brittle
d)
cold, molten
48.
Thickest layer of the Earth that is mostly solid, except for the semi solid upper part. Made of three mechanical layers.
a)
Mantle
b)
Crust 
c)
Core
49.
Oceanic crust is.....
a)
Younger and less dense than continental crust
b)
Thinner, younger, and more dense than continental crust
c)
older, thicker, and less dense than continental crust
d)
Bigger and younger than continental crust
50.
Earth's plates are....
a)
Constantly moving and changing the face of the Earth
b)
Never moved
c)
Move seldom and very fast
d)
move when they feel like it
51.
What was the name given to all the continents when they were joined as one super continent?
a)
Supreme Continent
b)
Eurasia
c)
Plate tectonics
d)
Pangea
52.

Describe the most likely relationship between these mountains and nearby tectonic plates.

a)

The mountains are probably formed by earthquakes

b)

The mountains are probably formed by the movement of glaciers

c)

The mountains are probably located near the edge of 2 tectonic plates.

d)

The mountains are probably formed by running water.

53.

Tectonic plates float on top of the ________

a)

Crust

b)

Mantle

c)

Inner Core

d)

Outer Core

54.
This is the theory that states that all the continents started as a single massive continent and have been MOVING apart for over 200 million years and the man that proposed it.
a)
The Big Bang Theory, Einstein
b)
The Pangea Theory, Hutton
c)
The Tectonic Plate Theory, Darwin
d)
The Continental Drift Theory, Wegner
55.
Which is older oceanic or continental crust?
a)
Oceanic
b)
Continental
56.

Alfred Wegener used __________ to prove that Pangea once existed ?

a)

graham crackers and frosting

b)

math

c)

a metal detector

d)

fossils

57.
What does the theory of continental drift state?
a)
The continents were once joined in a super-continent and have moved over time
b)
Continents are stationary and do not move
c)
The Earth is broken into lithospheric plates that move due to convection currents
d)
none of the above
58.
Scientists recently discovered that rocks collected from the Franklin Mountains in West Texas and rocks collected from mountains in eastern Antarctica were exactly the same age. Further research showed that the rocks were chemically and geologically the same and came from the same magma source. This discovery provides evidence of —
a)
coastal erosion.
b)
plate tectonics.
c)
ocean currents.
d)
glacial melting.
59.
The layer that makes up most of the earth's mass and volume is the
a)
crust
b)
mantle
c)
core
d)
asthenosphere
60.
Earth's crust is broken up into several large rocky pieces called ...
a)
plates
b)
faults
c)
fossils
d)
puzzle pieces
61.

Is there a pattern to the locations of earthquakes and volcanoes around the globe?

a)

No, earthquakes and volcanoes are random.

b)

Yes, earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur near the boundaries of tectonic plates.

c)

yes, earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur in the middle of tectonic plates.

d)

No, earthquakes and volcanoes usually occur under water.

62.

Most earthquakes tend to occur at which location?

a)

The central regions of very large continents

b)

Groups of islands farthest from any continents

c)

The boundaries between continents and oceans

d)

The steep slopes of the very oldest mountains

63.

A map is provided that presents information on a certain region of the Earth. Based on the information on the map, at which location are mountains most likely to form?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

64.

A map is provided that shows the location of the Aleutian Islands in comparison to some of Earth’s tectonic plates is provided. Based on the information provided, which of the following is most likely a feature of the Aleutian Islands?

a)

The climate is getting older.

b)

They were formed by volcanic activity.

c)

These islands are the oldest on Earth.

Earthquakes do not occur there

65.

The Ring of Fire is an area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur. What claim can be made about the Ring of Fire from this information?

a)

It is the only place on Earth where earthquakes can happen.

b)

The edges of the tectonic plates are moving in this area.

c)

It represents the areas where tectonic plates are the thickest.

d)

It has been getting larger since Earth first formed.

66.

Peru and Chile are part of South America, which sits on the South American tectonic plate. The Nazca plate is moving toward the South American plate. It is pushed downward, which causes it to slide under the South American plate. Based on this information, what feature could we expect to see off the coast of Peru and Chile?

a)

new Continent formation

b)

Poor fishing conditions

c)

Deep ocean trench

d)

Severe tropical storms

67.

What major events cause islands to form in the Pacific Ocean?

a)

tsunamis

b)

severe storms

c)

volcanic eruptions

d)

erosion

68.

Two plates come together or collide at what boundary?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

69.

Two plates spread or move apart at what boundary?

a)

Convergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

70.

Two plates slide past each other at what boundary?

a)

Covergent

b)

Divergent

c)

Transform

71.

New oceanic crust (sea floor) is created at this boundary.

a)

Divergent Oceanic

b)

Divergent Continental

c)

Convergent Oceanic

d)

Transform

72.

Oceanic crust (sea floor) is destroyed at this boundary.

a)

Convergent Oceanic

b)

Divergent Oceanic

c)

Convergent Continental-Continental

d)

Divergent Continental

73.

The process where oceanic crust slides under another plate and is melted is called ___________.

a)

seafloor spreading

b)

subduction

c)

continental drift

d)

recycling

74.

What two crustal features occur near every subduction zone?

a)

Volcanoes and Trenches

b)

Rift Valleys and Mid Ocean Ridges

c)

Volcanoes and Rift Valleys

d)

Mid Ocean Ridges and Trenches

75.

A divergent boundary on land creates what feature?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Rift Valley

c)

Subduction Zone

d)

Deep Ocean Trench

76.

A divergent boundary in the ocean creates what feature?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Rift Valley

c)

Deep Ocean Trench

d)

Subduction Zone

77.

When two continental plates converge (collide) what type of crustal feature is formed?

a)

Mid Ocean Ridge

b)

Subduction Zone

c)

Rift Valley

d)

Folded Mountains

78.

The process that occurs at a divergent oceanic boundary that creates new crust (sea floor) is called?

a)

Subduction

b)

Seafloor Spreading

c)

Continental Drift

d)

Volcanism

79.

What is the 'magic' that is happening in the mantle that helps move the 'lithospheric plates'?

a)

Convection

b)

Subduction

c)

Seafloor Spreading

80.

If an earthquake occurs at the bottom of the ocean floor what could form as result?

a)

Volcano

b)

Tsumani

c)

Tidal Wave

d)

Hurricane

81.

Aside from Earthquakes, what is the only thing you will find at transform boundaries?

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Subduction Zones

c)

Folded Mountains

d)

Fault lines

82.

What is the only event associated with ALL plate boundaries?

a)

Volcanoes

b)

Earthquakes

c)

Subduction

d)

Deep Trenches

83.

The only type of crust that will subduct if two plates converge is...

a)

Oceanic

b)

Continental

84.

These are NOT plate boundary features. They are areas where hot mantle plumes push up through the lithospheric plates to create volcanic islands such as Hawaii.

a)

Hotspots

b)

Convergent Boundary

c)

Divergent Boundary

d)

Transform Boundary

85.

Tsunamis are formed from what two types of convergent boundaries?

a)

Continental-Continental

b)

Oceanic-Continental

c)

Oceanic-Oceanic

86.
What type of plate boundary is this?
a)
Transform
b)
Convergent
c)
Divergent
d)
Plate
87.
When one plate sides under neath another, it _________ and the magma _________.
a)
hardens, sinks
b)
melts, sinks
c)
hardens, rises
d)
melts, rises
88.
Magma that reaches the surface is called:
a)
Vent
b)
Hot spot
c)
Lava
d)
Cinders
89.
The belt of volcanoes around the rim of the Pacific Ocean is called:
a)
Island arc
b)
Ring of Fire
c)
Lava plateau
d)
Hawaii
90.
Shield volcanoes have:
a)
gently sloping sides
b)
a steep cone shape
c)
moderately sized sides
d)
long cracks along plate boundaries
91.
Explosive eruption that hurls ash, gases, cinders, and bombs from the main vent.
a)
Volcano bomb
b)
Geyser
c)
Geothermal energy
d)
Pyroclastic flow
92.
A chain of volcanic islands formed where two oceanic plates collide is called:
a)
island arc
b)
hot spot
c)
Hawaii
d)
geyser
93.
Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a:
a)
caldera
b)
pipe
c)
magma chamber
d)
vent
94.
The Hawaiian islands are made from this type of volcano.
a)
Composite
b)
Cinder Cone
c)
Shield
d)
Big
95.
Which is NOT a property of magma from an explosive eruption?
a)
thick and sticky
b)
high viscosity
c)
high silica content
d)
thin and runny
96.
An opening through which the lava flows is called:
a)
crater
b)
caldera
c)
vent
d)
pipe
97.
The Andes Mountains and volcanoes formed at...
a)
a divergent plate boundary
b)
a hot spot
c)
a convergent plate boundary
d)
a caldera
98.
This common type of volcano is made up of alternating layers of ash and lava.
a)
Shield volcano
b)
Composite / Stratovolcano
c)
Cinder cone
d)
Fissure volcano
99.
Volcanoes that have recently erupted are known as:
a)
Extinct Volcano
b)
Dormant Volcano
c)
Active Volcano
d)
What's a volcano?
100.
A volcano that has erupted in the last 2000 years but not recently is known as....
a)
Dormant
b)
Active
c)
Extinct
d)
Angry
101.
Volcanoes that have not erupted for at least 10,000 years are described as...
a)
Sleeping
b)
Dormant
c)
Active
d)
Extinct
102.
__________ volcanoes are formed from fast flowing, lava which flows easily over the surface, forming larger volcanoes with gentle sides.
a)
Cone
b)
Composite
c)
Angel
d)
Shield
103.
What percent of the Earth's volcanoes reside in the Ring of Fire?
a)
75%
b)
100%
c)
90%
d)
0%
104.
What causes deformation of rock?
a)
Stress in the earth's crust
b)
water
c)
time
d)
tyme
105.

Type of fold: downfolds or troughs

a)

anticlines

b)

synclines

c)

monoclines

d)

benchmarks

106.
a)
syncline
b)
anticline
107.
a)
syncline fold
b)
anticline fold
c)
syncline & anticline folds
108.
a)
normal fault
b)
reverse fault
c)
strike-slip fault
109.
a)
normal fault
b)
reverse fault
c)
strike-slip fault
110.
a)
normal fault
b)
reverse fault
c)
strike-slip fault
111.
a)
normal fault
b)
reverse fault
c)
strike-slip fault
112.

An upward fold in the rock that makes an arch

a)

anticline

b)

syncline

c)

folded mountain

d)

fault block

113.

What do we use to measure earthquakes?

a)

Richter scale and mercalli scale

b)

ruler and digital scale

c)

book and a wave machine

d)

Magnitude and longitude

114.

On the Richter scale what does the measurement increase by when the measurement goes up one whole number?

a)

factor of 30

b)

factor of 10

c)

factor of 100

d)

factor of 900

115.

How is magnitude calculated?

a)

From a logarithmic measurement of the waves

b)

From the intensity and the damage caused to the land

c)

by an isoeismal map

d)

by interviews of people who experienced the earthquake

116.

Which is more useful to measure the impact of an earthquake?

a)

Magnitude

b)

intensity

117.

What is the range for the Mercalli intensity scale?

a)

l to Xll

b)

l-X

c)

1-10

d)

infinity

118.

What is intensity?

a)

the measure of impact and damage the earthquake had

b)

the measurement of energy released from the earthquake

c)

the measurement of waves from an earthquake

119.

The source of new oceanic crust being produced at the mid-ocean ridge is known as __________________.

a)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

b)

Subduction

c)

Deep-Ocean Trench

d)

Sea-Floor Spreading

e)

Magnetic Striping

120.

Evidence that the Earth's magnetic poles have flipped and is linked to sea-floor spreading is called _________?

a)

Mid-Ocean Ridge

b)

Subduction

c)

Deep-Ocean Trench

d)

Sea-Floor Spreading

e)

Magnetic Striping

121.

Which scientist proposed the theory of sea-floor spreading?

a)

Isaac Newton

b)

Rube Goldberg

c)

Alfred Wegener

d)

Harry Hess

122.

What do you call the device used to detect underwater objects?

a)

sonar

b)

seismograph

c)

ultrasound

d)

infrasound

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