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CA1 Review

Total questions: 143

Worksheet time: 2hrs 23mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Antibiotics only work against what organisms ?

a)

viruses

b)

bacteria

c)

prions

2.

A vaccine triggers your body to produce _____________ which help fight infections.

a)

antibiotics

b)

antibodies

c)

antigens

3.

Viruses can affect which types of organisms? SELECT ALL

a)

plants

b)

animals

c)

bacteria

d)

bricks

4.

Influenza is caused by a ___________________.

a)

virus

b)

bacteria

c)

prion

5.

When a virus enters a cell and it immediately makes copies of itself this is called _______________________________.

a)

remediation

b)

replica

c)

replication

6.
Viruses are...
a)
prokaryotic
b)
eukaryotic
c)
non-living
d)
endospores
7.
Needs host cell to reproduce.
a)
Virus
b)
Bacteria
c)
Fungus
d)
Protozoan
8.
How does a virus cause a person to develop the common cold?
a)
invades the host cell to reproduce
b)
removes energy from the host cell
c)
produces toxins in the host cell
d)
protects the host cell from bacteria
9.
When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.
a)
outer coat
b)
genetic material
c)
core
d)
cytoplasm
10.
One reason that viruses are considered to be nonliving is that they are not made of ______.
a)
protein
b)
viruses
c)
bacteria
d)
cells
11.
What do viruses have in common with living cells? They both...
a)
store genetic information
b)
have chloroplasts
c)
use glucose for cellular respiration
d)
have endoplasmic reticulum
12.
What part of the virus is number 1?
a)
Capsid
b)
DNA
c)
Surface Markers
d)
Envelope
13.
What part of the virus is number 3?
a)
Capsid
b)
DNA
c)
Surface Markers
d)
Envelope
14.
What part of the virus is number 4?
a)
Capsid
b)
DNA
c)
Surface Markers
d)
Envelope
15.
What part of the virus is number 2?
a)
Capsid
b)
DNA
c)
Surface Markers
d)
Envelope
16.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
17.
Which type of replication allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?
a)
active (lytic)
b)
mitosis
c)
hidden (lysogenic)
d)
cellular respiration
18.
Viruses 
a)
have many cells
b)
are misfolded proteins
c)
are a protein coat around genetic material
d)
endospores
19.
What is the main function of the projections on the surface of a virus?
a)
They aid in respiration
b)
They help the virus grow
c)
They help the virus invade its host by attaching to specific sites on the host
d)
They help the virus digest food molecules
20.
Reasons that viruses are considered to be nonliving is because
a)
They are not cellular
b)
They cannot reproduce on their own
c)
They cannot make proteins
d)
all of the above
21.
Which of the following is NOT a possible part of a virus?
a)
 Capsid
b)
   DNA
c)
 Nucleus
d)
RNA
22.

The ___________ cycle allows replication of the phage genome without destroying the host.

a)

lysogenic

b)

lytic

23.

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by breaking it open?

a)

lytic

b)

lysogenic

24.
What process is this?
a)
phagocytosis
b)
lytic cycle
c)
lysogenic cycle
d)
formation of antibodies
25.
Certain viruses only infect certain cells.
a)
true
b)
false
c)
depends upon the DNA in the virus
d)
depends upon the bacteriophage
26.
How do viruses reproduce?
a)
They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
b)
They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
c)
They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
d)
They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.
27.
Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nucleic acids
c)
proteins
d)
lipids
28.
Which is the only structure you would expect to see when examining a prokaryotic cell with a compound microscope?
a)
nucleus
b)
chloroplast
c)
cell membrane
d)
mitochondria
29.
Which cell part is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
30.

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called ________________.

a)

Metabolism

b)

Mitosis

c)

Heterozygous

d)

Homeostasis

31.
What is the capsid of a virus?
a)
the disease it causes
b)
the receptors to which it binds
c)
the genetic material
d)
its protein coat
32.
What is one way that a lysogenic infection differs from a lytic infection?
a)
A lysogenic virus does not act on bacteria as a lytic virus does.
b)
A lysogenic virus can remain in the host DNA for a longer period without becoming active.
c)
A lysogenic virus contains RNA instead of DNA.
d)
A lysogenic virus directs the production of new viruses right away.
33.

Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?

a)

osmosis

b)

diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

passive transport

34.
Which of the following macromolecules are a prominent part of animal tissues that function in insulation, helping animals conserve heat?
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
Nucleic acids
35.

Plants and animal cells have...

a)

Mitochondria and chloroplasts

b)

Nucleus and chloroplast

c)

Cell wall and chloroplast

d)

Mitchochodria and cytoplasm

36.

Which organelle is the command center for eukaryotic (plant and animal) cells?

a)

Cell wall

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Lysosome

37.

what is the function of a lysosome?

a)

To create energy for the cell

b)

To command the cell what to do

c)

To remove waste using digestive enzymes from the cell

d)

To protect the cell

38.

Which of the following are prokaryotic cells?

a)

Plant

b)

Animal

c)

Bacteria

d)

Plant and Animal

39.

What is the difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?

a)

Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus or organelles, but a eukaryotic cell does

b)

Eukaryotic cells do not have a nucleus or organelles, but prokaryotes do

40.

Which of the following is a eukaryotic cell?

a)

Bacteria

b)

Plant

c)

Plant and animal

d)

Animal

41.

How can you tell that this is a prokaryote or eukaryote cell?

a)

It is a prokaryote because it doesn't have a nucleus

b)

It is a eukaryotic cell because it has a cell wall and a nucleus

c)

It is eukaryotic because it does not a nucleus nor a cell membrane

d)

It is prokaryote because it has a cell wall

42.

What is the purpose of the nucleus?

a)

It is the command center, contains DNA, and cell division

b)

It protects the cell

c)

It stores energy for the cell

d)

It gets rid of waste in the cell

43.

The outermost layer of a plant cell and animal cell is...

a)

Plant cell - cell membrane, animal cell - cell wall

b)

Plant cell - cell wall; animal cell - cell membrane

c)

Plant and animal cell - cell wall

d)

Plant and animal cell - cell membrane

44.

"Post office" of the cell that packages proteins and fats:

a)

ER

b)

Golgi Body

c)

Nucleus

d)

Cytoplasm

45.

"Envelopes" of the cell, used for transporting material:

a)

ER

b)

Golgi Body

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Chloroplast

46.

What does a plant cell have that an animal cell doesn't have?

a)

Cell Membrane and Cell Wall

b)

Cell Wall and Mitochondria

c)

Cell Wall and Nucleus

d)

Cell Wall and Chloroplast

47.

What is the jelly-like substance that keeps the organelles floating?

a)

Cell Membrane

b)

Nucleus

c)

ER

d)

Cytoplasm

48.

What are the "protein-makers" of a cell?

a)

Ribosomes

b)

Mitochondria

c)

ER

d)

Golgi Body

49.

Which organelle holds the cell together? (found in both an animal and plant cell)

a)

Cell Wall

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cell Membrane

d)

Ribosome

50.
What is the main purpose of the mitochondria?
a)
Store genetic material
b)
Convert food molecules to energy
c)
Trap sunlight and use it to make food
d)
They ship proteins and other substance across the cell membrane
51.
Which of the following correctly lists the organizational hierarchy of organisms from simplest to most complex?
a)
Cells, organs, organelle, tissues, organ systems organisms
b)
Organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms
c)
Tissues, organelles, cell, organs, organ systems, organisms
d)
Tissues, organs, cells, organelles, organ systems, organisms
52.
What's the simplest unit of life?
a)
Cell
b)
Nucleus
c)
Organelle
d)
Protist
53.
Where does cellular respiration take place?
a)
Mitochondria
b)
Nucleus
c)
ER
d)
Ribosomes
54.
What part of the cell is its delivery system?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Nucleolus
c)
Mitochondria
d)
ER
55.
What are structures that perform specific functions inside the cell called?
a)
Organisms
b)
Organelles
c)
Cell membrane
d)
DNA
56.
Which of these words describes you and other humans?
a)
Stimulus
b)
Prokaryotic
c)
Eukaryotic
d)
Protist
57.
What is a function of a vacuole?
a)
Make prteins
b)
Store water
c)
Make sugar
d)
Harden the cell
58.
Where does photosynthesis take place?
a)
Cell wall 
b)
Chloroplast
c)
Mitochondria
d)
Vacuole
59.
What structure is found in Eukaryotes but not in prokaryotes?
a)
Ribosomes
b)
Cytoplasm
c)
DNA
d)
Nucleus
60.
Which organelle is responsible for packaging and preparing the assembled proteins to be sent to other areas?
a)
ER
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Cell membrane
d)
Golgi body
61.

It is true, not all cells have a true nucleus, but all cells must have some sort of

a)

DNA

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Osmosis

d)

Call Wall

62.

This part of the cells controls what moves in and out

a)

cell wall

b)

cell membrane

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

organelles

63.
What kind of cell is this?
a)
Eukaryotic
b)
Prokaryotic
64.

Which of the following is the most significant difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

Prokaryotic cells have cell membrane, eukaryotic cells do not

b)

Prokaryotic cells have ribosomes, eukaryotic cells do not

c)

Eukaryotic cells have DNA, prolkaryotic cells do not

d)

Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotic cells do not

65.
Proteins are produced at which cellular structures?
a)
nuclei
b)
ribosomes
c)
mitochondria
d)
chloroplasts
66.
First type of cell to appear on Earth?
a)
Plant
b)
Animal
c)
Prokaryotic
d)
Eukaryotic
67.
What type of cell is pictured?
a)
Prokaryotic
b)
Eukaryotic
c)
Plant
d)
Animal
68.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many differences, but they also share some common features.  Which of the following may be found in either type of cell?
a)
Golgi bodies
b)
ribosomes
c)
mitochondria
d)
nucleus
69.
Which of the following would be found in both eukaryotic AND prokaryotic cells?
a)
chloroplast
b)
cytoplasm
c)
nucleus
d)
endoplasmic reticulum
70.
Which of the following in NOT a characteristic of eukaryotic cells?
a)
DNA is separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane
b)
Large
c)
Complex 
d)
Lack membrane-bound organelles
71.
Which of the following is NOT a type of eukaryotic cell?
a)
mushroom cell
b)
pea leaf cell
c)
bacterial cell found in Swiss cheese
d)
alligator stomach cell
72.
How are prokaryotes and eukaryotes similar?
a)
They both contain membrane-bound organelles.
b)
They both have cell membranes.
c)
The both have nuclei.
d)
They both have chloroplasts.
73.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
74.
Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site.  What is this called?
a)
reusablility
b)
denaturation
c)
specificity
d)
fragility
75.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
76.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
77.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
78.
Any substance that is acted upon by an enzyme is called a(n)?
a)
Coenzyme
b)
Substrate
c)
Vitamin
d)
Polypeptide
79.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
80.
Enzymes are...
a)
nucleic acids
b)
proteins
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
81.
An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.  True or False? 
a)
true
b)
false
82.
What is the function of an enzyme?
a)
enzymes break themselves into small pieces
b)
enzymes slow down chemical reactions
c)
enzymes speed up chemical reactions
d)
enzymes combine products to form reactants 
83.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
84.
Which of these is most likely an enzyme?  
a)
Sucrose
b)
Galactose
c)
Fructose
d)
Amylase
85.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
86.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
87.
Letter C...
a)
active site
b)
enzymes
c)
substrate
d)
products
88.
Letter E...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
89.
Which enzyme is most efficient in a basic solution?
a)
A
b)
B
90.
Which biomolecule is found in pastas and breads? (Hint: it is a polymer)
a)
Lipid
b)
Protein
c)
Simple Carbohydrate
d)
Complex Carbohydrate
91.
Which biomolecule is made of nucleotides and include your DNA? (Hint: they carry genetic information)
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipids
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
92.
Which biomolecule includes sugars and starches? (Hint: simple or complex)
a)
Lipids
b)
Proteins
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Nucleic Acids
93.
Which biomolecule group includes fats, oils, and waxes?
a)
Proteins
b)
Nucleic Acid
c)
Lipids
d)
Carbohydrate
94.
The monomer (building block) of a nucleic acid is
a)
Monosaccharide
b)
Amino Acid
c)
Nucleotide
d)
Polysaccharide
95.
Lipids can be digested into what smaller subunits?
a)
nucleic acids
b)
amino acids
c)
fatty acids
d)
glucose
96.
Which 2 molecules contains the elements C-H-O and function pertains to energy?
a)
Lipids and Protein
b)
Carbohydrates and Nucleic Acids
c)
Protein and Carbohydrates
d)
Carbohydrates and Lipids
97.
Which biomolecule is a main source of quick energy?
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Protein
c)
Lipid
d)
Carbohydrate
98.
What is the function of a nucleic acid?
a)
Stores genetic information
b)
Stores energy
c)
Quick source of energy
d)
Builds structures
99.
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen are elements in what biomolecule?
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic acid
100.

Which biomolecule helps form muscles?

a)

Nucleic Acid

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Lipids

101.
Which biomolecule has sugars and starches?
a)
Lipids
b)
Proteins
c)
Carbohydrates
d)
Nucleic Acid
102.
Which biomolecule functions include enzymes­ which speeds the rate of chemical reactions, structural components in cells, mechanical functions in muscles and cytoskeleton, cell signaling, and immune response; provides structure and helps with chemical reactions 
a)
Protein
b)
Lipids
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
103.
Which biomolecule includes fats, such as triglycerides, oils, waxes, and steroids (cholesterol); insoluble in water; provides energy storage, insulation, part of cell membrane, and hormones 
a)
Nucleic Acid
b)
Lipids
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Protein
104.
This is a ____.
a)
Golgi body
b)
plasma membrane
c)
lysosome
d)
cell wall
105.
Which process involves the movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Active transport
c)
osmosis
d)
phagocytosis
106.
if you put a plant in salt water it will ...
a)
swell because water diffuses into the cells
b)
swell because water diffuses out of the cell
c)
shrivel because water diffuses out of the cell
107.
The process where only water is allowed to pass through the cell membrane from a high to low concentration.
a)
meiosis
b)
respiration
c)
diffusion
d)
osmosis
108.
When the concentration of particles inside of a cell is the same as the concentration of particles outside of the cell. 
a)
active transport
b)
concentration
c)
diffusion
d)
equilibrium
109.
Cells use energy to move materials across a membrane (low to high concentration).
a)
Active transport
b)
Passive transport
c)
Diffusion
d)
Osmosis
110.
Cells transport material across a cell membrane without using energy (high to low concentration)
a)
Passive transport
b)
Concentration
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Active Transport
111.
Cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses it (for large particles)
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Permeable
d)
In high concentration
112.
Particles are removed from a cell (pushed out).
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Permeable
d)
In high concentration
113.
 Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane? 
a)
simple osmosis
b)
active transport
c)
simple diffusion
d)
facilitated diffusion
114.
Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration. How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?
a)
active transport
b)
passive transport
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
co-transport
115.
 In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
a)
cell membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
 mitochondrion
d)
nucleus
116.
During diffusion molecules tend to move 
a)
   up the concentration gradient
b)
 from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration
c)
 in a direction that doesn’t depend on concentration
d)
 down the concentration gradient
117.

In passive transport, substances move across the cell membrane ________ the concentration gradient

a)

AGAINST

b)

ALONG

c)

WITH

d)

BETWEEN

118.

What macromolecule is embedded into the lipid bilayer and helps to transport molecules?

a)

Carbohydrate

b)

Lipid

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

119.

Which describes an isotonic environment?

a)

Too much water in the cell will cause the cell to burst - the percentage of water is higher outside the cell than inside the cell

b)

Too little water in the cell will cause the cell to shrink - the percentage of water is lower outside the cell than inside the cell

c)

Concentrations of water are equal inside and outside the cell

120.

The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

a)

active transport

b)

osmosis

c)

diffusion

d)

random movement

121.

The movement of materials from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration would require...

a)

glucose

b)

energy (ATP)

c)

fish

d)

chips

122.
All living things want to remain in...
a)
chaos
b)
homeostasis
c)
limbo
d)
plasmolysis
123.

Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Diffusion

c)

Endocytosis

d)

Facilitated Diffusion

124.

What are the three types of passive transport?

a)

osmosis, diffusion, active transport

b)

active transport, facilitated diffusion, osmosis

c)

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

d)

facilitated diffusion, active transport, diffusion

125.
What type of transport is this?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Exocytosis
c)
Diffusion
d)
Sodium-Potassium Pump
126.
What type of transport is this?
a)
Endocytosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Exocytosis
d)
Osmosis
127.
What type of organelle is used during endocytosis and exocytosis?
a)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
b)
Golgi Body
c)
Vesicle
d)
Lysosome
128.

In a saltwater solution, salt is considered the _______.

a)

solvent

b)

solute

c)

solution

129.

Which of these solution types has the highest concentration of solute particles?

a)

Hyptonic

b)

Isotonic

c)

Hypertonic

130.
 An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Stay the same
b)
Shrink- get smaller
c)
Swell- get bigger
131.
What is the definition of  Selective Permeability?
a)
The movement of materials across the cell membrane that requires NO ENERGY from the cell.
b)
The movement of materials through (or across) the cell membrane
c)
The ability of the cell membrane to allow some things to pass through while preventing other things from passing through.
d)
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to a area of low concentration 
132.
In this given scenario, corn syrup is hypertonic to an egg with a dissolved shell. What will happen to the egg when it is place in corn syrup?
a)
It will stay the same.
b)
It will swell- get bigger.
c)
It will shrink- get smaller.
133.
In a scenario, salt is placed into a bowl of water.  What is the solvent?
a)
salt
b)
water
c)
saltwater
134.
 If a cell containing 5% salt is placed into a glass of water with 20% salt, the water is _______ compared to the cell.
a)
hypertonic-
b)
hypotonic
c)
isotonic
135.
Both side of a selectively- permeable membrane are equal. The sides are ______.
a)
isotonic
b)
hypertonic
c)
hypotonic
136.
Where will the water go?
a)
Into the cell
b)
Out of the cell
c)
Equally in & out - it's isotonic
d)
There is no water
137.
A blood cell is placed into the jar, as seen. Where will the water go?
a)
Into the cell
b)
Out of the cell
c)
Equally in & out - it's isotonic
d)
The water is a lie
138.
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Shrink
b)
Swell
c)
Stay the same
139.

If the dots represent sugar which is more concentrated

a)

Inside the cell

b)

Outside the cell

c)

Neither they are equal (equilibrium)

140.

If the dots represent sugar, what direction will water flow?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Into and out equally (equilibrium)

141.

If the percentage represents sugar, what direction will water flow?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Into and out equally (equilibrium)

142.

If the miligrams are referring to the amount of sugar, what direction will water flow?

a)

Into the cell

b)

Out of the cell

c)

Into and out equally (equilibrium)

143.

What are TWO ways you can predict the movement of water?

a)

from a [High] of water to a [Low] of water

b)

towards the [Lower] of solutes

c)

towards the [Higher] of solutes

d)

from a [Low] of water to a [High] of water

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