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ENV101 Exam 1: Chapters 1,2,5

Total questions: 69

Worksheet time: 1hrs 24mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The ______ was the time period when humans began to farm and raise animals.
a)
hunter-gathering period
b)
Industrial Revolution
c)
Agricultural Revolution
2.
The ______ was the time when humans started using machines to produce goods.
a)
scientific period
b)
Agricultural Revolution
c)
Industrial Revolution
3.
_____ is the fair treatment of all people concerning environmental problems.
a)
A sustainable society
b)
Environmental justice
c)
Applied science
4.
Overpopulation, overconsumption, pollution, and loss of biodiversity are examples of ______________________.
a)
environmental challenges 
b)
pollution 
c)
envirnomental factors 
5.
Using more resources than the environment can support is known as______________________.
a)
exessive use 
b)
over consumption 
c)
wasteful 
6.
Moral principles that guide people’s actions are called ______________________.
a)
compass 
b)
ethics
c)
instincts 
7.
What is being tested in an experiment?
a)
ideas 
b)
hypothesis 
c)
rules 
8.
A(n) ______ is the environment where an organism lives.
a)
diversity 
b)
ecosystem 
c)
EPA 
d)
Earth 
9.
Which one of the following environmental issues is the primary cause of the others?
a)
Increasing resource use
b)
Destruction of habitat
c)
Premature extinction
d)
Human population growth
10.

True or False? Humans affect the environment but the environment does NOT affect us.

a)

True

b)

False

11.
What is the definition of ecological footprint?
a)
is the footprint of ecologist
b)
is a measure of the impact living things have on the environment.
c)
is a kind of plant that grows in the rainforrest.
d)
a measure of the impact humans have on the environment.
12.

What are some solutions for overpopulation? (select all that apply)

a)

Consider adoption as one of the ways to have a child

b)

Eliminate parks to make way for growth

c)

Build more to accommodate population growth

d)

Better education on overpopulation issues

13.

Which one of these is not a reason for the rapid population growth?

a)

Increased Birth Rate

b)

Poverty

c)

Increased Death Rate

d)

Easy Access to Essential Resources

14.

In what century did the world's population reach 1,000,000,000?

a)

18th Century

b)

19th Century

c)

20th Century

d)

21st Century

15.

Researchers are developing a new fertilizer designed to improve the growth of endangered Hawaiian plants. The fertilizer was applied to one hundred plants in a greenhouse. The temperature, humidity and amount of water were kept constant. Which is best for the researchers to do next?

a)

A compare plants that received fertilizer plants that received none

b)

B begin selling the fertilizer to gardeners living in hot, dry climates

c)

C change the conditions in the greenhouse and retest the fertilizer

d)

D test the fertilizer on plants that are adapted to cooler climates

16.

A scientist investigates the effect of carbon dioxide on plant height. The scientist grows plants in several closed containers. All the plants receive the same amounts of water and light, but the air in each container has a different amount of carbon dioxide. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

a)

the amount of carbon dioxide in each container

b)

the number of plants in each container

c)

the amount of water provided to the plants

d)

the height of each plant after a period of time

17.
This variable in an experiment is the one being changed by the scientist. 
a)
dependent variable
b)
independent variable
c)
data
d)
control group
18.

If you increase the amount of spinach you eat, then you will increase the iron in your blood.

What's the dependent variable?

a)

increase the amount of iron in your blood

b)

spinach you eat

c)

you are

19.

If I ride my bike to school instead of walking, then I will get to school faster. What is the dependent variable?

a)

The school

b)

How fast you get to school

c)

Riding a bike or walking

d)

You are

20.
What is the part of the experiment that is left alone or “natural", and is used to compare back to?
a)
Independent Variable
b)
Dependent Variable
c)
Control Group
d)
Experimental Group 
21.

You will want your experiment to have ____ independent variable(s) in it for the experiment to be valid.

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

As many as possible

22.

When a roller coaster is at the top of a hill it has

a)

high potential energy

b)

high kinetic energy

c)

low potential energy

d)

equal amounts of kinetic and potential energy

23.

What is potential energy?

a)

The energy an object has due to its position or condition.

b)

The energy an object has due to its chemical composition.

c)

The energy an object has due to its atomic structure.

24.

What is kinetic energy?

a)

The energy an object has due to its motion.

b)

The energy an object has due its chemical composition.

c)

The energy an object has due to its atomic structure.

25.

Select all of the objects that have potential energy. (You may click more than one answer!)

a)
b)
c)
d)
26.

Select all of the objects that have kinetic energy. (You may click more than one object!)

a)
b)
c)
d)
27.
The pH scale is a range from:
a)
1-7
b)
0-14
c)
1-5
d)
1-20
28.
A(n) ______ is a substance with a pH less than 7
a)
Acid
b)
Alkaline
c)
Base
d)
Buffer
29.
A(n) _______ is a substance with a pH greater than 7.
a)
Base
b)
Acid
c)
Buffer
d)
Water
30.
Complete the sentence.
A substance that is more basic has a _____ pH than a substance that is acidic.
a)
lower
b)
higher
c)
the same
d)
none of the above
31.

Water has a neutral because

a)

it has more H+ ions than OH-

b)

it has more OH- ions than H+

c)

it does not produce any ions

d)

it has an equal amount of H+ and OH- in solution

32.

Pollution is a _____ externality.

a)

negative

b)

positive

33.

Price _____ encourage people to pollute less by adding taxes to gasoline or adding subsidies to electric vehicles.

a)

incentives

b)

controls

c)

equalities

34.

Who would say that

Ecology and nature are central to humanity?

a)

Ecocentric

b)

Technocentric

c)

Anthropocentric

35.
A power company is given free land by the government to reduce the cost of providing wind-generated electricity to rural residents. This is an example of a
a)
command and control approach
b)
cap and trade system
c)
subsidy
d)
green tax
36.
A law that prohibits dumping wastes into the ocean and punishes people who dump wastes demonstrates which approach to environmental policy?
a)
green tax
b)
command-and-control
c)
cap-and-trade
d)
subsidy
37.
What major entity of the U.S. government has the chief responsibility for overseeing environmental regulations?
a)
Environmental Impact Statement
b)
Environmental Protection Agency
c)
National Park Service
d)
Supreme Court
38.
Sometimes, a company that generates pollution will pay extra taxes, based on the amount of pollution it produces. These are known as
a)
green taxes
b)
command and control taxes
c)
subsidy taxes
d)
cap and trade taxes
39.
What statement about cap-and-trade systems is true?
a)
It prohibits companies from emitting any pollution.
b)
It consistently reduces pollution in all areas.
c)
It issues permits that allow companies to emit a percentage of the overall amount of a given pollutant.
d)
It always leads to positive environmental results.
40.
Ultimately, where do economies get their resources and put their wastes?
a)
factories
b)
cities
c)
households
d)
ecosystems
41.

What is the atomic number?

a)

the number of protons in the nucleus

b)

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

c)

the number of neutrons in the nucleus

d)

the number of protons in the energy levels

42.

What is the mass number?

a)

the number of protons in the nucleus

b)

the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus

c)

the number of neutrons in the nucleus

d)

the number of protons and electrons in the atom

43.

Autotrophs

a)

use photosynthesis.

b)

are at the top of the food chain.

c)

are able to survive without oxygen.

d)

cannot assimilate carbon.

e)

are primary consumers.

44.

The biomass available for consumption by the herbivores and the decomposers is called

a)

Net primary productivity

b)

Secondary productivity

c)

Standing crop

d)

Gross primary productivity

45.

Which ecosystem would have the greatest primary productivity?

a)

taiga

b)

savanna

c)

tundra

d)

temperate deciduous forest

46.
Buffer is defined as
a)
ability to resist pH change
b)
ability to prevent pH from decreasing
c)
ability to resist a pH increase
d)
ability to resist pH change when small amount of acid added
47.

What might happen if buffers did not exist within the human body?

a)

Our blood and other bodily fluids might become too acidic or basic.

b)

Our stomach acid would not be able to break down food.

c)

We would not be able to process glucose within our cells.

d)

We would not be able to inhale oxygen into our lungs.

48.
Which of the following removes carbon from the atmosphere?
a)
Combustion
b)
Respiration
c)
Photosynthesis
d)
Death
49.
Which process converts carbon in the form of sugar into carbon dioxide gas?
a)
Bioremediation
b)
Photosynthesis
c)
Respiration
d)
Transpiration
50.
Carbon can be found in...
a)
The atmosphere
b)
Soil
c)
Fossil fuels
d)
All of the above
51.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
52.
Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?
a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
53.

What converts nitrogen gas into a usable form for plants and animals?

a)

bacteria

b)

rain

c)

fungi

d)

car exhaust

54.

How is nitrogen "fixed" into a usable form for plants?

a)

Through action of bacteria only

b)

Through lightning only

c)

Through action of bacteria and lightning

d)

Through photosynthesis

55.

How do animals get the nitrogen they need?

a)

From the air they breathe

b)

From the water they drink

c)

From the food they eat

d)

From the sun

56.

Gas that makes up 78% of our atmosphere.

a)

Oxygen

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Carbon Dioxide

57.

This is NOT a part of the phosphorus cycle.

a)

Phosphate is incorporated into sedimentary rocks

b)

Phosphate bound to soil

c)

Atmospheric phosphate

d)

Phosphate is absorbed from the soil by plants

58.
Which of the following statements is true of the phosphorus cycle?
a)
Phosphorus enters the atmosphere as phosphates.
b)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes the processes of erosion, and weathering.
c)
Phosphates are used in carbohydrate and glucose storage.
d)
The phosphorus cycle utilizes bacteria to breakdown phosphates and make them available for plants.
59.
What role do decomposers play in the phosphorous cycle?
a)
absorb phosphorous 
b)
release phosphorous into atmosphere
c)
return phosphorous into the soil
d)
combustion
60.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
61.

In general, algal blooms occur when

a)

toxins accumulate in shellfish.

b)

nutrients decrease in the water.

c)

nutrients increase in the water.

62.

What happens if a population grows past its carrying capacity?

a)

The population keeps growing

b)

The population starts to die off

c)

The entire species will go extinct

d)

The carrying capacity just increases

63.

The largest number of individuals that an environment can support long term is...

a)

carrying capacity

b)

emigration

c)

immigration

d)

population density

64.
What part of the water cycle does this picture show?
a)
condensation
b)
precipitation
c)
evaporation
65.
What is the energy source for the water cycle?
a)
the sun
b)
the earth
c)
water
d)
the moon
66.

The total fertility rate is

a)

the number of deaths of children before age 5

b)

the number of children born per 1000 women

c)

the average number of children born per woman in her lifetime

d)

the number of deaths of children per 1000 women

67.

Demography is

a)

a graph that shows the percentage of males and females by age group

b)

the pattern or arrangement of where people live

c)

the statistical study of populations

d)

the number of people living in a space per square mile

68.

A population pyramid is

a)

a graph that sows the percentage of males and females by age group

b)

the pattern or arrangement of where people live

c)

the statistical study of populations

d)

the number of people living in a place

69.

A herbivore is also known as...

a)

primary consumer

b)

secondary consumer

c)

tertiary consumer

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