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WorksheetsBio Midterm
Total questions: 135
Worksheet time: 2hrs 15mins
Which element would need to be removed from the molecule in Figure 6-2 to make it unsaturated?
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Phosphorus
Consider the energy diagram for a chemical reaction in Figure 6-3. Overall, is energy released or absorbed?
Absorbed, because the energy level increases during the reaction.
Absorbed, because the energy level of the products is greater than that of the reactants.
Released, because the reaction is initiated by the addition of heat.
Released because the energy level of the reactants is greater than that of the products.
Which is the best description of activation energy?
Heat added to initiate a reaction.
Heat released as the reaction proceeds.
Heat stored within the reactant molecules.
Heat stored within the product molecules
A spontaneous chemical reaction occurs more rapidly when the reactants are held at 35 C rather than 25 C. Why would this be the case?
The activation energy would be lower
The activation energy would be higher
The net energy release would be lower
The net energy release would be greater
How does an enzyme influence a biological reaction?
It increases the net energy difference between reactants and products
It decreases the activation energy necessary to initiate the chemical change
It increases the kinetic energy of reactants, thereby increasing their tendency to collide
It decreases the kinetic energy of reactants, enabling them to undergo chemical change more easily
A student set up four test tubes containing starch solution in which to perform starch digestion. Supplies included amylase (enzyme that digests starch) and an incubator. In which tube listed would starch digestion proceed most quickly?
Tube 1: No amylase, room temperature (25 C)
Tube 2: No amylase, body temperature (37 C)
Tube 3: Amylase present, room temperature (25 C)
Tube 4: Amylase present, body temperature (37 C)
When added to water, how does an acid affect the pH and H+ concentration?
Both pH and H+ decrease
Both pH and H+ increase
The pH decreases while the H+ increases
The pH increases while the H+ decreases
Which element is found in proteins but not carbohydrates or lipids?
C
B
N
O
In humans and other multicellular organisms, which substance plays a central role as an energy source?
Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
Water
Glycogen, used to store energy in the liver and muscle tissue, is an example of which type of molecule?
Carbohydrate
Protein
Saturated fatty acid
Steroid
Amino acids are the building blocks of which macromolecule?
Carbohydrate
DNA
Lipid
Protein
An organism's genetic information is stored in which type of macromolecule?
DNA
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
What would happen to the structure in Figure 7-4 if part D is completely removed?
It would become more rigid
It would disintegrate
It would have holes in it
It would collapse in on itself
Where are you least likely to find water in the structure shown in Figure 7-4?
A
B
C
E
Which of the following pictures in Figure 7-5 most likely approximate the motion phospholipids make in a plasma membrane?
A
B
C
D
Which statement is a fundamental principle of the cell theory?
All cells have a plasma membrane.
Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotic cells.
Living organisms are composed of cells.
The genetic material in cells is DNA
Which statement is true about bacterial cells?
The cells are very large
The cells have no nucleus
They are eukaryotes
They have organelles
Which is present only in eukaryotic cells?
Cell membrane
Chromosomes
DNA
Nucleus
Which substance on the plasma membrane helps identify chemical signals from outside the cell?
Carbohydrate chain
Cholesterol
Membrane protein
Transport protein
Which organelle converts sugar into energy?
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Nucleus
Ribosome
A scientist at the polar ice cap was studying an in ice sample from hundreds of meters below the surface. While examining the ice, the scientist found some cells from many years ago. Using an electron microscope, the scientist identified these cell structures: a cytoskeleton, mitochondrion, nucleus, cell wall, and ribosomes. What kind of organism did the scientist find?
Animal
Bacteria
Plant
He did not have enough information
Chloroplasts are organelles that convert light energy to sugars. These organelles are found only in plants. Which organelles are found only in animals?
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
At what point in the process of diffusion is dynamic equilibrium reached?
When the movement of the molecules stops being random
When the molecules are mixed and stop moving
When the rate of change in the solution slows by one half
When there is continuous movement but no change
What is a major difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?
Active transport moves substances against the concentration gradient
Active transport uses proteins in the process
Facilitated diffusion moves molecules through the plasma membrane
Facilitated diffusion requires large amounts of energy
A plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell?
It will swell
It will shrink
It will stay the same
It will wilt
Algal cells are placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the plant cell?
They will begin to swell.
It will shrink
It will stay the same
It will willt
What types of materials are expelled from cells during exocytosis?
Large molecules such as hormones
Positive and negative ions
Small molecules such as carbon dioxide
Water and glyceral
Which of the following is an example of passive transport?
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Facilitated Diffusion
Na+/K+ ATPase pump
Which of the diagrams in Figure 8-1 show how energy is produced in a cell?
A
B
C
D
Which of the processes shown in Figure 8-2 do not use a cell's energy?
A
B
C
D
What is the main purpose of the cycle shown in Figure 8-3?
Sugar production
Destruction of CO2
Production of ADP
Production of NADP
In which types of organisms does the process show in Figure 8-4 take place?
Plants only
Animals only
Neither plants nor animals
Both plants and animals
During photosynthesis light energy is converted to the energy in chemical bonds. What also happens according to the predictions of the second law of thermodynamics.
Chemical energy is converted to light energy
Matter is lost in the process
Heat is released in the process
The light and chemical energy are equal
An organism that uses hydrogen sulfide as a source of energy is categorized as which of the following.
Photoautotroph
Chemoautotroph
Heteroautotroph
Thermoautotroph
Which of the following metabolic pathways is anabolic?
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Breakdown of actin in muscles
Alcohol fermentation
Which of the following is a substrate used in cellular respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Rubisco
Cellular respiration
Muscle contraction
In which of the following processes is chemical energy converted to mechanical energy?
Photosynthesis
A rock rolling down a hill
Cellular respiration
Muscle contraction
What results from the removal of a phosphate group from ATP?
The production of mechanical energy
The release of energy
The creation of energy
The absorption of energy by chlorophyll
The energy acquired in the light-dependent reactions is used in the light-independent reactions to build glucose molecules. How is this energy transferred from light-dependent to light independent reactions?
In the bonds of ATP and NADPH molecules
In the bonds of 5-carbon ribulose molecules
In the bonds of 3-carbon phosphoglycerate molecules
In the bonds of carbon dioxide molecules
Infer why chloroplasts are found mostly in the leaves of plants.
The large surface area of leaves allows for maximum light absorption
The waxy coating on the surface of leaves helps prevent evaporation
Chlorophyll interferes with the xylem and phloem in the stems and trunks of plants
The large surface area of leaves allows for contact with oxygen
Which of the following is an accurate description of how structure enhances function in the thylakoid?
Thylakoid membranes have a large surface area that provides the space needed to hold large numbers of electron-transporting molecules
Thylakoid membranes serve as an impermeable surface that prevents the flow of electrons into the stroma
Thylakoid membranes can open and close depending on humidity to prevent evaporation from the cell
Thylakoid membranes act as an oxygen barrier allowing the aerobic steps of photosynthesis to proceed
If yellow, red, and orange pigments exist in the leaves of trees, why are leaves green except for in the autumn?
Chlorophyll is the most abundant of all the pigments.
Chlorophyll molecules are the largest of the all pigment molecules
Chlorophyll reproduces faster than the other pigments
Green is the color of the spectrum most easily seen by humans
Which of the following is an accurate summary of chemiosmosis?
Oxygen atoms diffuse down their concentration gradient out of the stroma into the grana through ion channels in the membrane
Hydrogen atoms diffuse down their concentration gradient out of the chloroplasts into the thylakoid membrane
Hydrogen atoms move up their concentration gradient through active transport out of the thylakoid into the stroma through ion channels in the membrane
Hydrogen atoms diffuse down their concentration gradient out of the thylakoid into the stroma through ion channels in the membrane.
Which of the following is the second step of the Calvin Cycle?
Molecular nitrogen is fixed into nitrate
Two phosphate groups are joined to form glucose
Chemical energy is transferred to 3-PGA molecules.
Rubisco converts organic carbon dioxide into inorganic molecules
Predict the photosynthetic pathway that might be used by a saguaro cactus.
C4 Pathway
C3 Pathway
CAM
Nitrogen fixation
Which of the following are produced by reactions that take place in the thylakoids and are consumed by reactions in the stroma?
Carbon dioxide and water
Carbon dioxide and ATP
ATP and NADPH
ATP and Oxygen
When light strikes chlorophyll molecules, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by which of the following?
Splitting water into 2H+ and O2-
Fixing carbon
Oxidizing glucose
Breaking down ATP
The energy acquired in photosynthesis is used to make glucose. Where is the glucose made in plants?
In the thylakoid
In the thlakoid membrane
In the stroma
Outside the chloroplast
The reactions of the Calvin cycle are not directly dependent on light, but they usually do not occur at night. Which of the following statements explains why not?
The Calvin cycle depends on products of light reactions
Carbon dioxide is not available at night
It is too cold at night for reactions to take place.
Most plants do not make the 4-carbon compounds that would be needed for the Calvin cycle to occur at night.
What happens when an aerobic organism is placed in an anaerobic environment?
Glycolysis stops, stopping the citric acid cycle
The electron transport chain stops, stopping the citric acid cycle
The citric acid cycle stops, stopping the electron transport chain
The citric acid cycle stops, stopping glycolysis
Where does the oxygen used in cellular respiration end up?
Water
ATP
NADH
Glucose
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
It provides electrons for the electron transport chain
It combines with carbon monoxide to form carbon dioxide
It is needed for the production of light and heat
It is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain
In what organisms does alcoholic fermentation take place?
Yeast and some bacteria
Viruses
Fruit flies
Plants
According to Figure 14-1, the correct chronological order of organisms as they developed are ______.
Birds, dinosaurs, jawed fish, prokaryotes
Dinosaurs, jawed fish, birds, prokaryotes
Jawed fish, dinosaurs, prokaryotes, birds
Prokaryotes, jawed fish dinosaurs, birds
What was the source of the original atmosphere of early Earth?
Light elements from space
Volcanoes
Meteorite impacts
Outgassing from rocks
What assumption must be made to calculate an age using radiometic dating?
The rate of decay of the isotopes
The amount of the isotopes measured in the material
The age of the material being analyzed
The amount of the isotopes present in the material when it formed
What evidence is there that modern archaebacteria may be most like the hypothesized earliest cells on Earth?
Both archaebacteria and early cells share morphological similarities, including a membrane-bound nucleus
Photosynthesis allows both archaebacteria and the earliest cells to harness energy from the Sun.
Archaebacteria thrive in extreme environments of intense heat or pressure, and microfossils suggest early life forms lived in volcanic environments
Archaebacteria can only survive in warm, shallow water similar to the primordial seas in which cells evolved on early Earth.
Banded red rock formations dating from about 1.8 billion years ago were formed from oxygen reacting with free iron ions. Eventually these rocks were no longer being formed, and oxygen began to accumulate in the atmosphere. Integrate this information and your knowledge of conditions on early Earth. What logical conclusions can you draw?
Oxygen could not accumulate in the atmosphere until most of the free iron ions were used up
Oxygen had to have been present in the atmosphere before 1.8 billion years ago
Oxygen can be released by banded iron formations
Early life could not evolve before oxygen was present to sustain them
Fossil evidence proves that cyanobacteria were thriving as long as 3.5 million years ago. Integrating this evidence and your own knowledge of cyanobacteria, identify the most significant effect these organisms had on the ecosystem of the planet as a whole.
Cyanobacteria extract energy from inorganic compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, so they could survive in places like hydrothermal vents at the ocean floor
Cyanobacteria were among the first cells adapted as predators, so they spurred coevolution among their prey in an early "arms race"
Cyanobacteria were some of the first photosynthetic prokaryotes. They oxygen they produced formed the protective ozone layer
Cyanobacteria were the first eukaryotic cells. They harbored smaller prokaryotes that evolved into mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Which of these is evidence for the endosymbiote theory?
Mitochondria and chloroplasts cannot live on their own outside a cell
Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain their own circular DNA
Mitochondria and chloroplasts are surrounded by a membrane
Mitochondria and chloroplasts both transform energy from one form to another
What implication does the endosymbiote theory have for phylogeny?
The origin of eukaryotes is much earlier than previously believed
The phylogenetic tree includes places where the branches separate and come back together
Eukaryotes and prokaryotes had independent orgins , so there are really two phylogenetic trees
It will be impossible to trace the phylogenetic relationships of eukaryotes
Which is a reasonable description of the origin of a photosynthetic eukaryotic cell?
An early eukaryote phagocytized a smaller cell, which did not die but provided the cell with energy
An early eukaryote phagocytized a smaller cell, which did not die but used light to provide the cell with sugar
An early eukaryote phagocytized a smaller cell, which did not die but provided the cell with energy. Later that same cell or its descendants became host to a photosynthetic prokaryote
An early eukaryote had the ability to photosynthesize. It was parasitized by a smaller photosynthetic prokaryote that provided the cell with additional sugar
How would the diaphragm change in Figure 34-1 to inhale?
Flatten and lower
Expand and go higher
Flatten and go higher
Expand and lower
Examine the organ marked with an X an Figure 34-1. When air exits this organ, it will travels through all of the following structures except the-
Trachea
Esophagus
Bronchus
Bronchioles
How is the blood located in the vein at C in Figure 34-2 different than the blood in all other veins of the body?
It is rich with oxygen
It is rich with carbon dioxide
It doesn't reach the lung
It doesn't reach the heart
Examine Figure 34-3, which shows a nephron. which of the following processes occurs in Structure B?
Filtration
Dialysis
Reabsorption
Urination
Which of the following organ systems is primarily responsible for maintaining the pH level off the blood?
Cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
Respiratory system
Excretory system
Which type of respiration takes place only in the lungs?
Cellular respiration
Intercellular respiration
Internal respiration
External respiration
An allergic reaction has caused a patient's larynx to swell up. As the larynx swells, the patient's airway is cut off. A paramedic team is preparing to treat the problem. Paramedic A suggests making an incision into the patient's pharynx in order to insert a tube that would carry oxygen to the lungs. Paramedic B suggests making an incision in the trachea to insert the tube. Which paramedic's procedure should be followed?
Paramedic A, because the pharynx is closer to the mouth than the trachea
Paramedic A, because the pharynx leads directly to the lungs
Paramedic B, because the trachea is positioned below the larynx
Paramedic B, because the trachea is connected to the lungs by the pharynx
Which of the following is a function of the circulatory system?
Remove wastes from the bloodstream
Transport materials to fight infections
Transport gases out of the body
Produce digestive enzymes
A patient has a large amount of glucose in her urine. What does this most likely indicate?
The patient is in good health
The patient's kidney's are damaged
The patient's circulatory system is failing
The patient is eating too many carbohydrates
Which of the following blood components do the kidney's filter?
Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Which of the following would most likely occur first if the circulatory system suddenly stopped functioning?
Blood clots would form in the arteries
Cells would die from a lack of oxygen
Skin cells would become infected with bacteria
Body temperature would fall, causing hypothermia
What is the main function of cilia in the respiratory system?
Prevent food from passing the epiglottis
Prevent the alveoli from drying out
Prevent dust from entering the lungs
Prevent the trachea from being burned
As altitude increases, the amount of oxygen in the air decreases. If an athlete moves from Miami, which is at sealevel, to Denver, which is at an altitude of about 1500 m, what will happen to her breathing rate when she exercises?
The athlete's lugs will have to work the same amount regardless of altitude
The athlete will need to breathe at a faster rate to get enough oxygen into her blood
The athlete's lung capacity will decrease when she get to Denver because of the oxygen there
The athlete's cells will require less oxygen to produce ATP in Denver
During which of the following processes inside the nephron do water and nitrogenous wastes exit the bloodstream?
Absorption
Reabsorption
Filtration
Urea formation
During filtration and reabsorption, which of the following particles never leave the bloodstream?
Salt
Water
Glucose
Red blood cells
Which body systems do the lungs belong to?
Respiratory system only
Respiratory and circulatory systems
Respiratory and immune systems
Respiratory and excretory systems
A scientist dissecting a mammal removes a large vessel from the mammal's hind leg and finds a valve inside the vessel. What type of vessel did the scientist most likely find?
Artery
Capillary
Vein
Ureter
A doctor finds that her patient's white blood cell count is higher than normal. What does this most likely indicate?
The patient is healthy
The patient has an infection
The patient's kidneys are functioning poorly
The patient's blood pressure is too low
Which of the following organ systems is primarily responsible for the process of internal respiration?
Circulatory system
Integumentary system
Lymphatic system
Excretory system
Examine Figure 34-4. Which of the following correctly describes the contents of the pulmonary artery shown?
Oxygen-poor blood
Oxygen-rich blood
Carbon dioxide-poor air
Carbon dioxide-rich air
In which structure shown in Figure 34-4 is gas from the atmosphere exchanged with gas from the bloodstream?
Alveoli
Bronchiole
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary artery
A patient is complaining of shortness of breath. A doctor takes a biopsy of the patient's lung tissue and sees that the alveoli are breaking down. Which of the following diagnoses is the most reasonable?
Increased blood pressure
Decreased red blood cell concentration
Rh factor complications
Increased whit blood cell count
How is salt excreted from the body?
Through urine alone
Through urine and breath
Through sweat and breath
Through urine and sweat
Von Willebrand disease is a medical condition in which a person's blood clots extremely slowly when a vessel has been damaged. Which of the following blood components is most likely malfunctioning in a person with Von Willebrand disorder?
Plasma
Platelets
Red blood cells
White blood cells
A person's blood vessels become partially clogged with fat deposits. What is the most likely effect of this?
Increased blood pressure
Decreased red blood cell concentration
Rh factor complications
Increased white blood cell count
What type of system is shown in Figure 35-1?
Reverse feedback
Positive feedback
Negative feedback
Anti feedback
What is likely to have triggered hormone production show in Figure 35-1?
The presence of the body chemical
A decrease in the body chemical
A total lack of the body chemical
An increase in the body chemical
Which best describes the difference between chemical and mechanical digestion?
Chemical digestion requires the use of enzymes, mechanical digestion does not involve enzymes
Chemical digestion occurs only in the small intestine, mechanical digestion occurs in all digestive organs
Chemical digestion involves physically breaking down food, mechanical digestion breaks the bonds in food
Chemical digestion occurs only when the body's pH is acidic, mechanical digestion requires alkaline surroundings
Which digestion processes occur first?
Chemical digestion occurs in the stomach
Mechanical digestion in the esophagus
Chemical and mechanical digestion in the mouth
No digestion occurs at first, food is only moistened
Which correctly describes the path food takes through the organs of the digestive system?
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
Mouth, stomach, esophagus, large intestine, small intestine, anus
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, anus
Mouth, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine anus
A person is choking and coughing. Which of the following most likely occurred?
Food has entered the person's lungs
Food has entered the person's trachea
Food has entered the person's esophagus
Food has entered the person's epiglottis
Vomiting is often accompanied by a burning sensation in the throat. What is the most likely cause of this?
Acid from the stomach
Amylase in the mouth
Peristalsisin the small intestine
The high temperature of digested food
Which best describes the importance of mechanical digestion?
It allows proteins and other organic compounds to be broken down into their component molecules
It makes food particles more acidic so that chemical digestion can occur in the digestive organs
It speeds the work of enzymes by allowing food to be transported to the stomach more quickly
It increases the surface area of food, allowing chemical digestion to occur more efficiently
Which of the following might result if food moves very quickly through the large intestine?
The food would not be fully digested
The feces would be eliminated as diarrhea
The body could not eliminate any wastes
The appendix might become inflamed
A chemical is released by an organ into the bloodstream where it travels to the body's bones. Here it binds to receptors on the cell membranes of the targeted tissue. What type of chemical is it?
Amino-acid hormone
A carbohydrate
A protein
A steroid hormone
Once progesterone reaches its targeted tissue, it is able to passively pass into a cell. What is progesterone?
An amino-acid hormone
A carbohydrate
A protein
A steroid hormone
Which of the following organs are involved with chemical digestion?
Esophagus, liver, small intestine, large intestine
Mouth, pancreas, stomach small intestine
Small intestine, gall bladder, kidneys, mouth
Stomach, pancreas, pituitary, large intestine
When do diabetics need to take insulin?
When levels of calcium in the blood are at low levels
When levels of calcium in the blood are at high levels
When levels of glucose in the blood are at low levels
When levels of glucose in the blood are at high levels
How does the adrenal gland help us when we are afraid?
It releases enzymes that hep to make our sense more acute so we can react more readily
It releases enzymes that digest more carbohydrates providing us with extra energy
It releases hormones that increase heart and breathing rates, and makes glucose available to our muscles
It releases hormones that increase the strength of our bones by stimulating the absorption of calcium
Which is most likely a result of damage to the liver?
Decrease in nutrient absorption
Decrease in bile production
Increase in heartburn sensations
Increase in pepsin levels
Where does most digestion occur?
Mouth
Large intestine
Small intestine
Stomach
A person experiences digestive discomfort within 2 hours of eating meat, beans, or eggs. Which of the following organs is most likely the source of this diffiulty?
Large intestine
Mouth
Small intestine
Stomach
Which of the following is an example of negative feedback?
You turn on cold water in the shower when the water temperature feels too hot
When you put a stopper in the drain of a sink, the water will fill the sink
After clothes are dry, a dryer goes through a cooling down phase
When a commode is flushed, water fills the bowl until the float signals that it is full
Evaluate the following symptoms: A person has a swelling on their neck and is losing weight despite an increase in eating habits. Which organ is most likely affected?
Adrenal gland
Pancreas
Pituitary gland
Thyroid gland
Which is the most likely result of damage to the anterior pituitary gland?
Bones do not grow properly
Blood calcium levels are high
The bloodstream contains excess water
Daily injections of insulin are needed
How might digestion be affected if the body's pH remained at a constant level of 7?
Food would be digested at a faster rate
Some enzymes would not work well
Mechanical digestion would be slowed
Blood glucose levels would rise
Which of the following statements regarding the digestive system is correct?
All organs contain glands that release enzymes for chemical digestion
Wherever mechanical digestion occurs, chemical digestion also occurs
Peristalsis occurs in each organ, enabling nutrients to be more easily absorbed
The pH of each organ is the same so the food can easily move through the system
The body regulates availability of sugar to its cells partly through two hormones secreted by the pancreas. Which is the correct description of the production of these two hormones during the time immediately following one meal to before the next meal 12 hours later?
Insulin production decreases and then increases followed by increasing glucagon production
Glucagon production increases then decreases, followed by insulin increases in production
Insulin production increase then decreases, followed by insulin increases in production
Glucagon production decreases and then increases followed by increasing insulin production
What is responsible for breaking food molecules into smaller molecules?
Acid
Mechanical action
Bile
Enzymes
A tissue is observed to contain nerve cells, muscle fibers, and oil glands, Where is this tissue found?
Dermis
Epidermis
Hair
Nails
Which of the following describes the role of keratin in the epidermis?
Keratin allows the skin to fall off
Keratin allows new skin to grow
Keratin makes the skin waterproof
Keratin protects the skin from UV light
Which Correctly sequences the events that occur when a person gets a cut that bleeds?
Bleed, clot, scab, white blood cells, cell division, new skin
Bleed, scab, clot, white blood cells, cell division, new skin
Bleed, clot, new skin, scab, cell division, white blood cells
Bleed, scab, clot, cell division, white blood cells, new skin
In which type of tissue would you expect to find the most mitochondria?
Bicep
Hair
Arm bone
Skin
What would be the result if the heart were made of skeletal muscle?
It would beat according to its own pacemaker
It would not contain any striations when dissected
You would have to think about controlling its beating
It would not be strong enough to pump blood throughout the body
What might occur if a scab does not form over a cut that has damaged blood vessels?
Bacteria may enter the body
Skin cells may not divide
The cut may not bleed
White blood cells will attack the skin
A person running for a long period of time feels tired. She keeps running and feels her breathing quicken. Which explains what is most likely happening in the cells of her leg muscles?
The fast-twitch muscles are taking over in the leg
The excess ATP produced is used for breathing
Oxygen is taken from the muscles to be used in the lungs
The cells have switched from aerobic to anaerobic respiration
Which of the following describes functions of the peripheral nervous system?
Integrates perception, movement, and intellect
Transmits external stimuli and motor responses
Regulates body temperature, thirst, and appetite
Regulates respiration, blood pressure, and heat rate
Which structure shown in Figure 22-1 is not found in animal cells?
A
C
D
F
Which picture shown in Figure 22-2 is the most likely outcome?
A
B
C
D
Which of the following tissues would limit the rate of transpiration the most?
Cuticle
Phloem
Trichomes
Xylem
Which of the following hormones does not affect plant growth?
Auxin
Cytokinins
Ethylene
Gibberellins
The stems of a plant growing out of the side of a cliff will grow upward because of-
Gravitropism
Photoperiodism
Phototropism
Thigmotropism
Changes in the shapes of guard cells result in the opening and closing of stomata. Which of the following ideas would most likely explain how a guard cell can change its shape?
Heat causes the guard cell to expand or contract
Water moving into and out of the guard cell causes it to swell or shrink
The cuticle around the guard cell thickens when auxin binds with the cell's hormone receptors
Sugar crystals in the walls of the guard cells can move from a pentagonal shape to a hexagonal shape.
Cellulose is a type of plant fiber that is indigestible to humans. Wood is mostly made of cellulose fibers. Infer what type of cell contains cellulose.
Collenchyma cells
Guard cells
Parenchyma cells
Sclerenchyma cells
Based on your knowledge of stem structure in a plant, why will removing the bark of a tree kill the tree?
Removing the bark removes phloem, preventing nutrient movement to the roots
Removing the bark removes cambium and prevents further growth of the tree
Removing the bark allows pathogens into the sensitive tissues beneath
Removing the bark destroys the ability of the tree to draw water from the ground
How could you increase the bushiness of a plant?
Trim the plant's apical meristems
Trim the plant's lateral meristems
Trim the plant's intercalary meristems
Trim the plant's cork cambium meristems
A researcher notices that the cells of the stem have elongated in a plant she is observing. Which hormone(s) might cause this to occr?
Auxin only
Gibberellins only
Auxin and gibberellins
Cutokinins and gibberellins
Which of the following plant hormones would not be found in a growing seedling?
Auxin
Cytokinins
Ethylene
Gibberellins
A scientist does a chemical analysis of a wilted flower that just dropped from a plant. Which hormone would most likely be found in the flower?
Auxin
Cytokinins
Ethylene
Gibberellins
Which function do stems and roots share?
Transpiration
Photosynthesis
Support of the plant body
Intake of water and nutrients
A nursery manager wants to increase the rate of growth for the nursery's seedlings. Which would be the best hormone to apply to the seedlings' tissue?
Auxin
Cytokinins
Ethylene
Gibberellins
A potted plant is tipped on its side. Within a few days, the plant stem bends upward by around 90 degrees. Which hormone is most likely responsible for this change?
Auxin
Ethylene
Cytokinins
Gibberellins
How does the spacing of the cells in the spongy mesophyll aid in a leaf's function?
The loosely packed cells allow the leaf to be flexible so that the leaf can bend in the wind
The tightly packed cells have a large surface area in which light energy can be collected
The loosely packed cells allow ingredients used photosynthesis to move readily through the leaf
The tightly packed cells form a barrier from the exterior environment and protect the leaf from diseases and predators
