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Biology 9 LT1 Revision S2

Total questions: 115

Worksheet time: 1hrs 26mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Weakened microbes that stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies used to fight future invasions by the same microbe. Example: chicken pox, measles, small pox

a)

Vaccine

b)

Disease

c)

Immunity

2.

Compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

a)

HIV

b)

AIDS

c)

Antibiotics

3.

Disease causing agents such as bacteria and viruses are called _______________.

a)

pathogens

b)

antibodies

c)

villians

d)

particles

4.

What is the primary function of your immune system?

a)

to create organelles

b)

to protect your body from pathogens

c)

to aid in blood circulation

d)

to protect your bones and muscles

5.

Skin protects a person from pathogens by _______________.

a)

being thin and easy to allow things through

b)

shedding occasionally

c)

serving as a protective layer that keeps foreign objects out

d)

allowing bacteria to enter if it is healthy

6.
What do antibodies attach to on the pathogen?
a)
Anti inflammatory
b)
Antigens
c)
Antiseptic
d)
Antibodies
7.
Pathogens are recognized by their...
a)
antigens
b)
antibodies
c)
killer t-cells
d)
B-cells
8.
The picture below illustrates one internal part of the body’s immune system. What process is illustrated in the picture?  
a)
a skin cell destroying germs.
b)
inflammation near an opened wound
c)
a white blood cell destroying pathogens
d)
mucus in the lungs destroying pathogens
9.
 Liz notices that shortly after cutting her arm accidentally the area around the cut is turning red and feeling hot.  Which immune system defense is Liz experiencing?  
a)
inflammation
b)
white blood cell clotting
c)
skin
d)
fever
10.
__________ immunity is when the bodies makes its own antibodies.
a)
passive
b)
active
c)
cell mediated
d)
false
11.

Which pathogen is non-living?

a)

Virus

b)

Bacteria

c)

Fungi

d)

Parasite/Protist

e)

They are all alive

12.

Which pathogen has spores that are carried through the air?

a)

protist/parasite

b)

fungi

c)

bacteria

d)

virus

13.
Viruses reproduce themselves by...
a)
dividing into two identical copies
b)
causing cells to transform into viruses
c)
making host cells reproduce copies of the viruses
d)
planting eggs inside host organisms
14.

First line defenses include

a)

skin

b)

hair

c)

mucus

d)

all of the above

15.

A pathogen is defined as

a)

A a contaminated surface or food.

b)

B a disease-causing organism.

c)

C a transmissible disease.

d)

D a virus.

16.

Which describes the features of passive immunity?

a)

A Long term

b)

B Short term

17.

The diagram shows one way the body defends itself against pathogens.

What is the name of this defence mechanism?

a)

A antibody production

b)

B egestion

c)

C phagocytosis

d)

D vaccination

18.

A child is vaccinated against measles. After a period of time the child is infected with the measles virus. The graph shows the concentration of measles antibodies in the child’s bloodstream during this time.

Which statement is consistent with the information in the graph?

a)

A After the vaccination, the child produced memory cells.

b)

B The child had passive immunity against measles.

c)

C The measles virus contains antibodies.

d)

D The vaccination failed to protect the child against measles.

19.

How does passive immunity differ from active immunity? In passive immunity

a)

antibodies are produced by lymphocytes

b)

immunity depends on vaccination

c)

immunity is specific to one type of antigen

d)

no memory cells are produced

20.

What is not a consequence of vaccination?

a)

Antigens trigger an immune response

b)

Antibodies lock onto antigens

c)

Memory cells are produced

d)

Phagocytes produce antibodies

21.

The antibodies that give immunity to a disease can be acquired in the following different ways:

1- feeding on breast milk

2- infection by disease

3-vaccination

Which gives active immunity?

a)

1 and 2 only

b)

1 and 3 only

c)

2 and 3 only

d)

1,2 and 3 only

22.
Cells that ingest pathogens are
a)
plasma cells
b)
phagocytic cells
c)
helper T cells
d)
antibodies
23.
Y shaped proteins that may mark pathogens for destruction are
a)
antigens
b)
T cells
c)
antibodies
d)
neutrophils
24.

By which route would an HIV infection not be transmissible?

a)

A blood

b)

B saliva

c)

C sharing needles for injections

d)

D semen

25.

The body has defences to protect itself from diseases.

What is a mechanical barrier to diseases?

a)

A hairs in the nose

b)

B plasma

c)

C stomach acid

d)

D white blood cells

26.

A secondary immune response will be faster when...

a)

The individual has encountered the pathogen already

b)

The individual's macrophages are on high alert

c)

The individual has encountered the pathogen and has memory B cells circulating

d)

Antibodies are produced by T cells

27.

What is the function of antibodies within the immune system?

a)

Antibodies kill off any antigen that enters the body.

b)

Antibodies are only made when you are given a vaccination for specific antigens.

c)

Antibodies bind to specific antigens to flag for destruction.

d)

Antibodies are part of an external defense mechanism.

28.
What function does mucus play in the immune system?
a)
traps foreign particles from entering the body
b)
moistens food
c)
produces WBCs
d)
acts as a lubricant
29.
He belived that having cowpox gave people ___________ from smallpox
a)
Immunity
b)
Vaccinaton
c)
Innoculation
d)
Innocence
30.
Edward Jenner succeeded in creating a vaccine against smallpox by injecting patients with material of which disease?
a)
Small pox
b)
Cow pox
c)
Cattle Virus
d)
Measles Virus
31.
Which one is a way the body defends against a pathogen?
a)
Fever
b)
Stomach Acid digesting
c)
White Blood Cells fighing
d)
All of these are correct
32.
Which is an example of passive immunity?
a)
people being vaccinated against disease
b)
people taking vitamins to boost their immune response
c)
people receiving antibodies from their mothers before birth
d)
people producing antibodies against organisms that cause diseases they have had previosuly
33.

Doctors sometimes use a vaccine to prepare the body to defend itself against future infections. These vaccines most often contain

a)

antibodies

b)

antibiotics

c)

white blood cells

d)

weakened pathogens

34.
What do memory cells do?
a)
Kills the virus
b)
Eats the virus
c)
Patrol the area and make the immune system work faster next time.
d)
Makes antibodies
35.
A vaccines main goal is to:
a)
make people sick
b)
prevent disease
c)
start an epidemic
d)
start a pandemic
36.

An immune response is primarily due to the body’s white blood cells recognizing

a)

a hormone imbalance

b)

abiotic organisms

c)

foreign antigens

d)

known antibiotics

37.

Which pathogen is treated with antibiotics?

a)

virus

b)

bacteria

c)

parasite

d)

fungi

38.

Vaccines are used to prevent diseases by which type of pathogen?

a)

virus

b)

bacteria

c)

parasite

d)

fungi

39.

Which pathogen is a single-celled, prokaryotic organism.

a)

bacteria

b)

virus

c)

fungi

d)

parasite

40.

An organism that lives on or in a host, and causes it harm while it takes its nutrients is called

a)

a host

b)

a parasite

c)

a cell

d)

a virus

41.
One way to prevent the spreading of disease is:
a)
to cough without covering your mouth.
b)
to wash your hands often.
c)
to rub your eyes and nose when sick.
42.

If a patient has a serious infectious disease, to reduce the spread to others a hospital would..

a)

Isolate the patient

b)

Give the patient paracetamol

c)

Give the patient anithistamine

d)

Send the patient home

43.
Which vector could lead to a malaria epidemic?
a)
fly
b)
bat
c)
mosquito
44.
Which best explains why a contagious disease is likely to become an epidemic?
a)
failure to follow safety rules when handling bacteria
b)
lack of understanding as to how the disease is spread
c)
creation of supergerms due to the overuse of antibiotics
45.
How are quarantines used to slow the spread of an epidemic?
a)
Quarantines prevent individuals from eating food that is potentially contaminated.
b)
Quarantines allow enough time for antibiotics to take effect in infected individuals.
c)
Quarantines keep infected individuals separate so they cannot pass the disease to others.
d)
Quarantines keep people inside their homes so that family members can provide care for each other.
46.

Bacteria are ______________ than plant and animal cells.

a)

smaller

b)

larger

47.

All bacteria cause illness and disease.

a)

TRUE

b)

FALSE

48.

A living cell that a virus infects is called a ________ cell.

a)

mast

b)

host

c)

cast

d)

partner

49.

Replication is ...

a)

the process by which a virus can make copies of itself

b)

repeating a cell again and again

c)

using a scientific tool to make copies of bacteria

d)

how fungi grow larger by feeding off of dead materials

50.

Which scientist isolated developed penicillin?

a)

Koch

b)

Snow

c)

Pasteur

d)

Einstein

51.

5. What are the two main types of white blood cells?

a)

phagocytes and lymphocytes

b)

phagocytes and antibodies

c)

antigens and leukocytes

d)

leukocytes and phagocytes

52.

What is the key role of phagocytes?

a)

to recognise antigens and produce antibodies

b)

to make antigens on the surface of pathogens

c)

to engulf and digest pathogens

d)

to replicate pathogens

53.

What is the role of lymphocytes?

a)

to make antigens on the surface of pathogens

b)

to recognise antigens and produce antibodies

c)

to engulf and digest pathogens

d)

to replicate pathogens

54.
20 people became sick with the flu after a school dance. What is the best explanation for how they got sick?
a)
Contact with environmental source
b)
Contact with an infected animal
c)
contact with a contaminated object
d)
contact with an infected person
55.
A disease that can be passed from one person to another through pathogens.
a)
Communicable disease
b)
Noncommunicable disease
56.
_______ Is any condition that interferes with the proper functioning of the body or mind
a)
disease
b)
infection
c)
pathogen
57.
What is a non-communicable disease?
a)
An illness that can be passed on by germs from person to person.
b)
A disease that cannot be passed on to another person.
58.

Chicken pox is an example of a ___________________________ disease.

a)

non-communicable

b)

exposure

c)

abrasion

d)

communicable

59.

Coughing, sneezing, and runny nose are all _______________ of the common cold.

a)

access points

b)

abrasions

c)

organisms

d)

symptoms

60.

What type of disease pattern spreads rapidly over countries and continents?

a)

Outbreak

b)

Pandemic

c)

Epidemic

d)

Endemic

61.

What do we call a disease that can spread between living things in close contact?

a)

Physiological disease

b)

Genetic disease

c)

Infectious disease

d)

Contagious Disease

62.

What type of disease pattern spreads rapidly in a population or region affecting more than expected?

a)

Endemic

b)

Pandemic

c)

Epidemic

d)

Outbreak

63.

A disease is a disruption in the structure of function of a living thing.

a)

True

b)

False

64.
Mechanical movement to inhale and exhale air
a)
Gas Exchange
b)
Respiration
c)
Breathing
d)
Transport
65.

Gas exchange is needed to supply _____________ to cells and remove __________________

a)

carbon dioxide; oxygen

b)

oxygen; food

c)

oxygen; carbon dioxide

d)

carbon dioxide; water

66.
Respiration is the 
a)
Intake of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide over a membrane
b)
Release of energy from food inside cells
c)
Mechanical movement to inhale and exhale air
d)
Feature that enable an animal to survive in its habitat
67.

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

a)

to provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body

b)

to bring oxygen to the body

c)

to break down food and absorb nutrients

d)

to remove oxygen from the body and deliver carbon dioxide

68.
Which of the following are features of the alveoli that adapt them to gas exchange?

I. High surface area
II. Thin walls
III. Dry surfaces
a)
I and II only
b)
I only
c)
II and III
d)
I, II, and III
69.
The trachea leads to the...
a)
Bronchioles
b)
Bronchi
c)
Esophagus
d)
Pulmonary Vessel
70.

The air sacs that are covered with capillaries where gas exchange takes place.

a)

Bronchi

b)

Trachea

c)

Oxygen

d)

Alveoli

71.
Letter D is pointing to which Respiratory organ?
a)
Alveoli
b)
Diaphragm
c)
Lung
d)
Bronchi
72.

Which one of the following is a feature of an anaerobic respiration?

a)

uses oxygen

b)

produces large amount of energy

c)

no alcohol made

d)

does not use oxygen

73.

Which one of these is the correct WORD equation for aerobic respiration?

a)

glucose + oxygen -> carbon + water

b)

glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

c)

glucose -> carbon dioxide + water

d)

starch + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

74.

What makes alveoli suitable as a gas exchange surface?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

75.

Which one of the following helps you get an active immunity ?

a)

antibodies from a mother's milk

b)

injection of antibodies

c)

injecting a pathogen

d)

taking medicines

76.

Where does haemoglobin become oxyhaemoglobin?

a)

heart

b)

kidneys

c)

liver

d)

lungs

77.

In a person with a low platelet level, which process is slower than normal?

a)

antibody formation

b)

blood clotting

c)

oxygen carriage

d)

phagocytosis

78.
When air pressure inside the lungs is less than air pressure in the atmosphere...
a)
Air moves into the lungs
b)
Air moves out of the lungs
79.

What are the main muscles of inhalation?

a)

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles

b)

The scalenes and the abdominal muscles

c)

The diaphram and abdominal muscles

d)

The diaphragm and latissimus muscles

80.
All living things do which of the following?
a)
Chemosynthesis
b)
Respiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
all of the answers
81.
What is one of the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
energy
b)
glucose
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
water
82.
______________ produces the most ATP.
a)
photosnthesis
b)
aerobic respiration
c)
anaerobic respiration
d)
glycolysis
83.
Where does aerobic respiration take place?
a)
Cytoplasm
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Stroma
d)
Thylakoid
84.
Which type of respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen?
a)
Aerobic
b)
Anaerobic
85.
Which type of respiration occurs without the presence of oxygen?
a)
Aerobic 
b)
Anaerobic 
86.
What are the two reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
C6H12O6 & 6CO2
b)
6 CO2 & 6H2O
c)
C6H12O6 & 6O2
d)
6CO2 & 6O2
87.
Glycolysis takes place in the 
a)
mitochondria
b)
cell membrane
c)
cytoplasm
d)
nucleus
88.
Which is not a waste product of cellular respiration?
a)
Water
b)
Heat
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Oxygen
89.
We can test the presence of carbon dioxide in exhaled air by bubbling it into .................... . 
a)
limewater
b)
lime juice
c)
lime
d)
water
90.
Identify the diaphragm.
a)
C
b)
D
c)
E
d)
F
91.
What is the tube that is also known as your windpipe?
a)
Esophagus
b)
Bronchi
c)
Trachea
d)
Alveoli
92.

What are the main muscles of inhalation?

a)

The diaphragm and intercostal muscles

b)

The scalenes and the abdominal muscles

c)

The diaphram and abdominal muscles

d)

The diaphragm and latissimus muscles

93.

What happens when the intercostals contract during inhalation?

a)

The diaphragm relaxes

b)

The ribs are elevated

c)

Pressure in the lungs increases

d)

The size of the thoracic cavity decreases

94.

Which addictive component of tobacco smoke causes an increase in blood pressure?

a)

carbon monoxide

b)

carcinogens

c)

nicotine

d)

tar

95.

The most common cause of emphysema is?

a)

Allergies

b)

Cigarette smoking

c)

Prolonged steroid use

d)

Anxiety

96.
Thick, sticky, dark fluid when tobacco burns is called
a)
Nicotine
b)
Ammonia
c)
Tar
d)
Cilia
97.

A cancer causing substance is called

a)

Carcinogen

b)

Nicotine withdrawal

c)

Sidestream smoke

d)

Carbon dioxide

98.
A disease in which the lining of the airways becomes very swollen and irritated is...
a)
Emphysema
b)
Bad Breath
c)
Chronic Bronchitis
99.
A disease in which the tiny air sacs and wall of the lungs destroyed and permanently damaged is....
a)
Emphysema
b)
Chronic Bronchitis
c)
Chronic Cough
d)
High blood pressure
100.
Tiny, hair-like projections that move together in sweeping motion
a)
ribcage
b)
trachea
c)
pharynx
d)
cilia
101.

State which of these is the waste gas that is expelled from the body during exhalation.

a)

Sulfur Dioxide

b)

Oxygen

c)

Carbon Monoxide

d)

Carbon Dioxide

102.

Identify what structure is indicated by the blue arrow in the picture.

a)

Abdomen

b)

Pharynx

c)

Oesophagus

d)

Vocal Cords

e)

Diaphragm

103.

Identify what structure is indicated by the blue arrow in the picture.

a)

Abdomen

b)

Pharynx

c)

Trachea

d)

Vocal Cords

e)

Bronchi

104.

In inhaled air, recall if there is a higher concentration of carbon dioxide or oxygen.

a)

Oxygen

b)

Carbon Dioxide

105.

Recall what structure in fish is adapted for gas exchange.

a)

Gills

b)

Fins

c)

Scales

d)

Lungs

106.

Planet Pneumo-Lumo (found way out beyond Pluto) has an atmospheric pressure of 1000mmHg. Oxygen makes up 25% its atmosphere. What is the Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PO2) on Pneumo?

a)

25mmHg

b)

250mmHg

c)

500mmHg

d)

750mmHg

107.

What is sign for brain to send impulse for breathing?

a)

high CO2 level

b)

low CO2 level

c)

high O2 level

d)

high blood concentration

108.

During gas exchange what enters from alveoli to the capillaries?

a)

CO2

b)

CO

c)

O2

d)

nitrogen

109.

Secondhand smoke harms who?

a)

Everyone around a smoker

b)

Only non-smokers

c)

Only smokers

d)

No one

110.

Many chemicals in cigarettes are considered carcinogenic because they cause what?

a)

Emphysema

b)

Cancer

c)

Heart disease

d)

Liver Failure

111.

Smoking interferes with the lungs' ability to provide what to the rest of the body?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Ammonia

c)

Water

d)

Carbon dioxide

112.

What is the relationship between nicotine and adrenaline?

a)

Nicotine removes adrenaline

b)

Nicotine is a substitute for adrenaline

c)

Nicotine triggers the release of adrenaline

d)

Nicotine reduces the effect of adrenaline

113.

Cigarettes and e-cigarettes both contain:

a)

Nicotine

b)

Tobacco

c)

Formaldehyde

d)

Tar

114.

Why do cigarette packages include tobacco warnings?

a)

to inform people of the negative effects of smoking

b)

to promote smoking

115.

Short-term effects of smoking.

a)

Mouth Cancer

b)

emphysema

c)

increased heart rate, hand tremors, bad breath

d)

Lung Cancer

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