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WorksheetsDNA and Protein Synthesis Review
Total questions: 132
Worksheet time: 3hrs 34mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
What is a codon?
a)
a sequence of 3 amino acids
b)
a sequence of three nitrogen bases
c)
a sequence of 3 enzymes
d)
a sequence of 3 proteins
2.
The DNA nucleotide is composed of three parts. Which two components make up the nucleotide backbone?
a)
ribose sugar and base
b)
ribose sugar and phosphate group
c)
nitrogen base and deoxyribose sugar
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate group
3.
Which type of RNA delivers the genetic code to the ribosome?
a)
tRNA
b)
mRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
tmRtmRNA
4.
What is the function of transfer RNA?
a)
It is a part of the ribosome.
b)
It bonds to other RNA molecules, leading to their destruction.
c)
It delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome.
d)
It carries the information coding for the amino acid sequence of a protein.
5.
Which nucleotide is complementary to adenine?
a)
adenine
b)
thymine
c)
cytosine
d)
guanine
6.
Which of these is part of the description of protein?
a)
a folded chain of amino acids
b)
a folded chain of carbohydrates
c)
a branched chain of fatty acids
d)
a branched chain of nucleic acids
7.
Which most directly affects the sequence of amino acids in a protein?
a)
the DNA in the nucleus of the cell
b)
the amino acids found in the cytoplasm
c)
the type of cell in which the protein is made
d)
the region of the cell in which the protein is made
8.
How are the amino acids linked together during translation?
a)
by creating peptide bonds
b)
by creating hydrogen bonds
c)
by creating covalent bonds
d)
by creating phospate bonds
9.
How many amino acids can be represented by a single 3-base DNA sequence?
a)
1
b)
3
c)
6
d)
8
10.
DNA codes for __________ which determine ___________
a)
mRNA, tRNA
b)
mRNA, ribosomes
c)
proteins. traits
d)
proteins, peptide bonds
11.
The drawing shows the structure of what molecule?
a)
A DNA molecule
b)
A lipid molecule
c)
A carbohydrate molecule
d)
A protein molecule
12.
Which correctly outlined the central dogma
a)
DNA --> mRNA --> rRNA
b)
DNA --> tRNA --> protein
c)
DNA --> mRNA --> protein
d)
DNA --> amino acid --> protein
13.
Which of the following best defines a gene?
a)
A diploid cell containing two sets of chromosomes
b)
A unit made up of chromosomes that control for a specific trait
c)
A segment of DNA that codes for a particular protein
d)
All the other answers are correct.
14.
What is the difference between DNA and RNA
a)
DNA has uracil and RNA has thymine
b)
DNA is involved in transcription and RNA is involved in translation
c)
DNA contains thymine and RNA contains uracil
d)
DNA is made of nucleotides and RNA is not
15.
What will be the resulting mRNA from this DNA sequence:
GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?
GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?
a)
CTA-ATG-TCT-AAT-GTA
b)
GAU-UAG-UGA-UUA-GUT
c)
CUA-AUG-UCU-AAU-GUA
d)
CAT-ACA-TAC-ATA-TAG
16.
What type of bonds hold the nitrogen bases in the DNA rungs together?
a)
ionic bonds
b)
hydrogen bonds
c)
peptide bonds
d)
james bonds
17.
What will be the complementary DNA sequence resulting from the following:
GAT-TAC-AGA-TTA-CAT?
a)
CTA-ATG-TCT-AAT-GTA
b)
GAU-UAG-UGA-UUA-GUT
c)
CUA-AUG-UCU-AAU-GUA
d)
CAT-ACA-TAC-ATA-TAG
18.
DNA is copied during a process called ______________ which results in an identical copy of itself.
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Transcription
c)
Replication
d)
Translation
19.
Which type(s) of RNA is(are) involved in protein synthesis?
a)
transfer RNA
b)
messenger RNA
c)
tRNA and mRNA
d)
tRNA, mRNA, and rRNA
20.
Genes contain instructions for assembling _______________.
a)
Nucleosomes
b)
Proteins
c)
Purines
d)
Pyrimidines
21.
Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?
a)
ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine
b)
phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
c)
phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine
d)
deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine
22.
Which illustration of a chromosomal change best represents a chromosome mutation known as a deletion?
a)
ABCDEFG —> ABCDEF
b)
ABCDEFG —> ABEDCFG
c)
ABCDEFG —> ABCDEFGH
d)
ABCDEFG —> ABCDEFGKMN
23.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each with two new strands.
b)
each with one new strand and one original strand.
c)
each with two original strands.
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands.
24.
Unlike DNA, RNA contains...
a)
a phosphate group
b)
thymine
c)
guanine
d)
uracil
25.
What is produced during transcription?
a)
Protein
b)
tRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
DNA
26.
The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA determines the order of ______________ in proteins.
a)
nucleic acids
b)
lactic acids
c)
Phosphates
d)
amino acids
27.
In a portion of a gene, the nitrogenous base sequence is T-C-G-A-A-T. Which nitrogenous base sequence would normally be found bonded to this section of the gene?
a)
A-C-G-T-A-A
b)
A-C-G-U-U-A
c)
A-G-C-T-T-A
d)
U-G-C-A-A-U
28.
DNA controls traits through the order of its--
a)
phosphates
b)
sugars
c)
carbons
d)
nitrogen bases
29.
How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?
a)
As a pattern of phosphate and sugars
b)
In the double helix shape of the condensed chromosome
c)
As a sequence of nucleotides
d)
In the ratio of adenine to guanine
30.
Which type of RNA functions as a blueprint for the genetic code?
a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)
RNA polymerase
31.
What happens during the process of translation?
a)
The cell uses information from messenger RNA to produce proteins.
b)
Messenger RNA is made from DNA.
c)
Copies of DNA molecules are made.
d)
Transfer RNA is made from messenger RNA.
32.
During translation, the type of amino acid that is added to the growing polypeptide depends on the:
a)
anticodon on the mRNA only.
b)
codon on the mRNA only.
c)
codon on the mRNA and the anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached.
d)
anticodon on the tRNA to which the amino acid is attached only.
33.
Which two processes are involved in protein synthesis?
a)
Replication and Transcription
b)
Replication and Translation
c)
Transcription and Translation
34.
Which of the following molecules is made during transcription?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
protein
d)
mRNA
35.
Which of the following bases is found only in RNA?
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Thymine
d)
Uracil
36.
Which form of RNA carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome?
a)
amino RNA
b)
ribosomal RNA
c)
transfer RNA
d)
messenger RNA
37.
What are the three base segments of mRNA called?
a)
anticodons
b)
codons
c)
triplets
38.
Transcribe the following sequence of DNA into RNA:
AAG CTT TGC
AAG CTT TGC
a)
TTC GAA ACG
b)
UUC GAA ACG
c)
TTC GUU UCG
d)
UUC GUU UCG
39.
What is the monomer of DNA and RNA?
a)
amino acids
b)
nucleotides
c)
fatty acids
d)
monosaccharide
40.
Which of the following would be a DNA nucleotide?
a)
phosphate, deoxyribose, uracil
b)
phosphate, deoxyribose, thymine
c)
phosphate, ribose, uracil
d)
phosphate, ribose, thymine
41.
What would be the complementary DNA strand for the following nucleotide sequence?
TCG ATA CGA
TCG ATA CGA
a)
AGC ATA GCT
b)
AGC TAT GCT
c)
AGC UAU GCU
d)
UGC TUT GCT
42.
Which scientist(s) built the 3D model of the DNA double helix?
a)
Watson and Crick
b)
Hershey and Chase
c)
Franklin
d)
Char gaff
43.
Which of the following terms means that in each molecule of DNA made during replication there is one original strand and one new strand?
a)
Antiparallel
b)
Semi-conservative
c)
Complementary base-pairing
44.
Proteins are chains of amino acids bonded together. Which is the correct sequence for making proteins?
a)
Information is DNA is transferred into RNA and then made into protein
b)
Information in DNA is formed into protein directly.
c)
Information in RNA mutates into DNA and then is made into protein
d)
Information in RNA uses thermal energy to make protein
45.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
46.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
47.
Cytosine always pairs with
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
48.
In DNA, Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
49.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleus
50.
In DNA, Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
51.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
52.
DNA is a polymer made of:
a)
Nucleotides
b)
Ribosomes
c)
Purines
d)
Pyrimidines
53.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
54.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
55.
A change in a DNA sequence(order) that affects genetic information.
a)
Recessive trait
b)
Mutation
c)
Allele
56.
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
57.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
58.
DNA replication results in
a)
2 completely new DNA molecules
b)
2 DNA molecules that each contain a strand of the original
c)
1 new DNA molecule and 1 old
d)
1 new molecule of DNA
59.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
60.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
61.
order of replication
a)
3, 4, 2, 1
b)
3, 1, 4, 2
c)
2, 1, 4, 3
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
62.
order of replication
a)
3, 4, 2, 1
b)
3, 1, 4, 2
c)
2, 1, 4, 3
d)
3, 4, 1, 2
63.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
64.
Which process?
a)
mutation
b)
transcription
c)
respiration
d)
translation
65.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
66.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
67.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
68.
What monomers are DNA and RNA consisted of?
a)
nitrogen base
b)
nucleotides
c)
sugar-phosphate backbone
d)
blood
69.
Where do nucleotides joined to each other
a)
sugar and phosphate backbone
b)
membranes
c)
polynucleotide
d)
adenine to cytocine
70.
DNA has a ______ strand; RNA has a ______ strand.
a)
double/double
b)
double/triple
c)
double/single
d)
single/single
71.
One strand of DNA/RNA that is composed of many nucleotides is a ______?
a)
nitrogenous base
b)
momnonucleotide
c)
backbone
d)
polynucleotide
72.
DNA replication is considered _____ because it uses the old strands as templates?
a)
RNA
b)
wasteful
c)
semiconservative
d)
aggressive
73.
In how many directions does the DNA replication proceed at many sites simultaneously?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
74.
What enzyme initiates DNA replication?
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
tRNA
c)
RNA polymerase
d)
mRNA
75.
Transcription is the production of ___ from ___.
a)
protein, RNA
b)
RNA , DNA
c)
DNA, RNA
d)
DNA, protein
76.
Translation is the production of ___ from ___.
a)
RNA, protein
b)
DNA, protein
c)
RNA, DNA
d)
protein, RNA
77.
What type of bond join the nitrogen bases together in DNA?
a)
covalent
b)
hydrogen
c)
mutual
d)
peptide
78.
Which is not one of the three types of RNA?
a)
mRNA (messenger)
b)
rRNA (ribosomal)
c)
tRNA (transfer)
d)
nRNA (nitrogen)
79.
Identify the complementary DNA strand: ATTACGAT
a)
GAAGTGCA
b)
TAATGCTA
c)
TCTUCAAA
d)
CGGCACG
80.
In RNA, the nitrogen base____ replaces ____ that was present in DNA.
a)
A, U (adenine, uracil)
b)
C, G (cytosine, guanine)
c)
U, T (uracil, thymine)
d)
U, A (uracil, adenine)
81.
What is the transcribed mRNA strand for CATTAA
a)
GUAAUU
b)
GTAATT
c)
AUGGUU
d)
CATTAA
82.
The "central dogma" states that genetic information flows from
a)
Protein-->mRNA-->DNA
b)
Protein-->DNA-->mRNA
c)
mRNA-->DNA-->Protein
d)
DNA-->mRNA-->Protein
83.
The three parts of a nucleotide are
a)
mRNA, phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
nitrogen base, phosphate, sugar
c)
sugar, phosphate, mRNA
d)
mRNA, nitrogen base, sugar
84.
The rungs of the DNA molecules consist of
a)
a pair of nitrogen bases
b)
sugar and phosphate
c)
single strands
d)
single nitrogen bases
85.
The backbone (sides) of the DNA and RNA molecules are made of alternating
a)
nitrogen bases and phosphates
b)
sugars and nitrogen bases
c)
phosphates and sugars
d)
nitrogen bases
86.
Transcription takes place in the
a)
cytoplasm
b)
ribosome
c)
mitochondrion
d)
nucleus
87.
Translation occurs in the
a)
nucleus
b)
mitochondria
c)
cytoplasm
d)
golgi apparatus
88.
The codon (set of 3 nitrogen bases) codes for 1 of 20
a)
endoplasmic reticulum
b)
RNA
c)
genes
d)
amino acids
89.
What monomers are DNA and RNA consisted of?
a)
nitrogen base
b)
nucleotides
c)
sugar-phosphate backbone
d)
blood
90.
Which two processes are involved in protein synthesis?
a)
Replication and Transcription
b)
Replication and Translation
c)
Transcription and Translation
91.
Which of the following molecules is made during transcription?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
protein
d)
mRNA
92.
Which of the following bases is found only in RNA?
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Thymine
d)
Uracil
93.
Which form of RNA carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome?
a)
amino RNA
b)
ribosomal RNA
c)
transfer RNA
d)
messenger RNA
94.
What are the three base segments of mRNA called?
a)
anticodons
b)
codons
c)
triplets
95.
Transcribe the following sequence of DNA into RNA:
AAG CTT TGC
AAG CTT TGC
a)
TTC GAA ACG
b)
UUC GAA ACG
c)
TTC GUU UCG
d)
UUC GUU UCG
96.
What would be the complementary DNA strand for the following nucleotide sequence?
TCG ATA CGA
TCG ATA CGA
a)
AGC ATA GCT
b)
AGC TAT GCT
c)
AGC UAU GCU
d)
UGC TUT GCT
97.
Which of the following terms means that in each molecule of DNA made during replication there is one original strand and one new strand?
a)
Antiparallel
b)
Semi-conservative
c)
Complementary base-pairing
98.
Proteins are chains of amino acids bonded together. Which is the correct sequence for making proteins?
a)
Information is DNA is transferred into RNA and then made into protein
b)
Information in DNA is formed into protein directly.
c)
Information in RNA mutates into DNA and then is made into protein
d)
Information in RNA uses thermal energy to make protein
99.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
100.
Cytosine always pairs with
a)
Adenine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
101.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
ribosome
d)
nucleus
102.
In DNA, Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
103.
What does DNA stand for?
a)
Deoxyribonucleic acid
b)
Denitrogenous acid
c)
Deribonucleic acid
d)
Diribonucleic acid
104.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
105.
What are the three components of a nucleotide?
a)
sugar, hydrogen, nitrogen base
b)
sugar, oxygen, nitrogen base
c)
sugar, phosphate, nitrogen base
d)
sugar, phosphate, protein
106.
A change in a DNA sequence(order) that affects genetic information.
a)
Recessive trait
b)
Mutation
c)
Allele
107.
The enzyme that unwinds the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
108.
Why does DNA replicate?
a)
To create another copy for the new cell
b)
To create a duplicate copy in case the original gets damaged
c)
To create a new copy to replace the damaged original
109.
Name this structure
a)
double helix
b)
nucelotide
c)
twisted ladder
d)
hydrogen bond
110.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
111.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
112.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
113.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
114.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
115.
What process is going on in this photo?
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Replication
d)
All the above
116.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
117.
How many amino acids are coded for by this sequence of nucleotides:
ATG GGA ACT CCA
ATG GGA ACT CCA
a)
4
b)
2
c)
6
d)
12
118.
Which change below would result in a different Amino Acid?
3'-GCT-5'
3'-GCT-5'
a)
GTT
b)
TCT
c)
TCC
d)
GCA
119.
What amino acid is represented by the codon AUG?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Methionine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
120.
If the DNA sequence of a gene is TAC CCC GGA GAG, what mRNA sequence will be produced in transcription?
a)
RNA Polymerase
b)
AUG GGG CCU CUC
c)
ATG GGG GGT GTG
d)
AUG GGG CCU CUG
e)
AUG CCG GCA CGG
121.
What amino acid would be added to the protein being formed during translation if the mRNA codon reads "CCU?"
a)
Isoleucine
b)
Stop
c)
Methionine
d)
Proline
122.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUGCCAGUAUGA
a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
123.
What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUG GCA AAC CGU
a)
Met-Ala-Asn-Ala
b)
Met-Ala (because the third codon codes for STOP)
c)
Ileu-Ala-Asn-Ala
d)
Met-Ala-Asn-Arg
e)
Ileu-Ala-Asn-Ala
124.
At what point in the cell cycle does DNA replication occur and why?
a)
before a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions
b)
before a cell divides, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells
c)
during cell division, to ensure that the DNA will fit into the resulting cells
d)
after a cell divides, to provide each of the two resulting cells with a complete set of DNA instructions
125.
Which choice describes DNA after replication has taken place?
a)
one molecule with two original strands and one molecule with two new strands
b)
two molecules, each with one original and one new strand
c)
two molecules, each with two new strands
d)
two molecules, each with two old strands
126.
The sequence of DNA below is part of a gene. How many amino acids are coded for by this segment?
a)
4
b)
8
c)
12
d)
20
127.
Which of the following would most likely cause a mutation?
a)
the placement of ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum
b)
the insertion of a nucleotide into DNA
c)
the movement of transfer RNA out of the nucleus
d)
the release of messenger RNA from DNA
128.
A diagram of a cellular process is shown below. Which of the following identifies the process shown at point Z?
a)
Translation
b)
Translocation
c)
Replication
d)
Transcription
129.
Which of the following carries amino acids to the site of protein synthesis?
a)
mRNA
b)
rRNA
c)
tRNA
d)
nRNA
130.
Base your answer to the following question on the structures represented in the diagram below. What is the relationship between these three structures?
a)
DNA is made up of proteins that are synthesized in the cell.
b)
Protein is composed of DNA that is stored in the cell.
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell.
d)
The cell is composed only of DNA and protein.
131.
Genes for medically important proteins can be cloned and inserted into bacteria, as shown in the diagram below. Why can bacteria recognize a human gene and then produce a human protein?
a)
DNA replication in bacteria and humans is the same.
b)
. Bacterial cells contain the same organelles as human cells.
c)
The basic components of DNA are the same in humans and bacteria.
d)
Bacterial cells and human cells contain the same kind of chromosomes.
132.
The diagram below represents a portion of a DNA molecule. The letters represent different types of
a)
sugar molecules
b)
nitrogen bases
c)
enzymes
d)
proteins
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