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WorksheetsAPES 2022 Ecosystems review
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 31mins
Which of the following is a characteristic of all deserts?
High temperatures
Low precipitation
Low evaporation
High biodiversity
The distribution of natural resources in terrestrial biomes is impacted by all of the following EXCEPT. . .
animal habitats
nutrient level in soil
altitude
latitude
What is the defining difference between the marine, freshwater, and estuary biomes?
Salinity (dissolved salt)
Sunlight
Oxygen
Amount of Water
Why is it important that plants like cattails and mangroves live only in the region of the estuary that is brackish water and stays partly flooded during the day?
they have adaptations for living in freshwater and saltwater and need the waters to flood their roots each day.
because if they lived close to the ocean, the turtles would eat them all
because the water is too cold farther up by the river
The process of excessive nutrient input and subsequent plant and algae growth is called ___________________________.
decomposition
eutrophication
photosynthesis
succession
Algae are an important part of the water environments becasue... (select all that apply)
they produce approximately 70% of the oxygen on earth
they are saprophytes that recycle nutrients
they are the major food producers in those environments
they are the major food consumers in those environments
How many calories will be passed on from 250 to the next trophic level?
2,500
25
2.5
10%
A food chain shows more feeding relationships than a food web
true
false
What's is an abiotic factor?
a living thing
a non-iving thing
a producer
What kind of organisms are usually primary consumers?
plants
herbivores
carnivores
Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.
Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year. This results in larger apples from year to year.
Which statement below would not indicate a bottleneck occurred in a population?
there are reduced population numbers
there is lower genetic diversity
species are better suited to adapt to future environmental changes
extinction may occur
If a few individuals from a mainland population colonize an island, which of these is true?
the genotypes of the island represent all the genotypes in the mainland population
the genetic diversity on the island will be much greater than the genetic diversity on the mainland
the island population will be much more susceptible to a disturbance
the island population will be less susceptible to extinction
There must be a certain amount of abiotic factors in an ecosystem to allow organisms to survive. Factors that are too low or too high cause the organisms to die
range of tolerance
limiting factors
zone of intolerance
zone of physiological stress
All of the following are considered anthropogenic disruptions EXCEPT:
Pollution
Hurricanes
Logging
Overharvesting
Which of the natural disruption time lines is the slowest?
Episodic
Random
Semiotic
Periodic
Disruptions are always detrimental.
True
False
We don't know of any organisms that have adapted to use natural disruptions to their advantage.
True
False
What do we mean when we refer to "commons" in environmental science?
shared values
shared resources
shared personalities
shared classes
Which of the following quotes seems to be taken directly from the tragedy of the commons (Nature 1968)?
"Among the savage nations of hunters and fishers, every individual who is able to work is more or less employed in useful labor, and endeavors to provide....the necessaries and conveniences of life, for himself, and such of his family or tribe"
"There is one and only one social responsibility of business - to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it...engages in open and free competition without deception or fraud"
"There's no cause for alarm. I chopped down one tree. I am doing no harm. This thing is a thneed ...that everyone needs"
"The rationale herdsman concludes that the only sensible course for him to pursue is to add another animal to his herd. And another, and another...Therein is the tragedy"
Which of the following is an example of a solution to the tragedy of the commons?
Improving literacy among urban populations
Inventing stronger antibiotics
Raising taxes for large corporations
Passing laws to prevent overharvesting
All the clearcutting facts below are true. Which are benefits or pros of clearcutting?
Clearcutting generates more consistent and higher rates of return for the logging companies and its investors
Consumer timber/lumber prices are kept low and predictable when clearcutting is used, since savings are passed on to consumers.
Clearcutting destroys plant life and animal habitats.
Clearcutting is aesthetically unappealing.
Which statement about 1961 to 2011 is best supported by the graph?
Food scarcity improved in both Asia and Africa
Green Revolution techniques worked better in Asia than in Africa
Population growth was higher in Africa than in Asia
Green Revolution techniques worked well in both regions but slowed down dramatically
Millet and rice are not very important food sources for either region, indicating that a conclusion about food security is invalid
Between 1950 and 1990, wheat production in India in average pounds per acre more than tripled, which allowed India to meet its population's need for food. Which of the following best explains this change?
The elimination of poverty in India's rural regions
The use of genetically modified seeds
The increase of microloan programs that provide farmers with credit
The use of large farm tractors and combine harvesters
The use of improved plant hybrids and agricultural chemicals.
------------is the best technique for watering fruit,garden and tree
Rahat
Chain pump
Sprinkler system
Drip system
Nutrients or minerals are removed from soil by dissolving in water
salinization
aeration
compaction
leaching
Which soil particle is the SMALLEST?
sand
silt
clay
they are all the same size
environmental advantage of no-till agriculture
less erosion
decrease in labor costs
increased use of herbicides and pesticides
increased need for irrigation
Emphasis on use of pesticides, herbicides, and monoculture
green revolution
agricultural revolution
industrial revolution
subsistence agriculture
Agriculture that features large numbers of animals in a small area with corn or other feeds being shipped in rather than pasture
IPM
aquaculture
hydroponics
CAFO
Which of the following would be best addressed with contour plowing?
eutrophication
soil erosion
soil salinization
pesticide tredmill
The rearing of aquatic organisms
agroforestry
aquaculture
CAFO
Green Revolution
Which of these would be least likely to affect water holding capacity of soil?
manure
humus
pesticide
sand
clay
The most expensive but most efficient method of irrigation is
Sprinkler
surface
Drip
Basin
Which of the are following are examples of surface irrigation?
Furrow irrigation
Sprinkler irrigation
Center pivot irrigation
Flood irrigation
Waterlogging means______________________________
contains less water
contains too much water
taking water away from an area
adding water to the fields
The process by which groundwater is replenished and can occur naturally through infiltration is called - groundwater ? .
recharge
renergize
discharge
expulsion
One of the world's largest aquifers, the Ogallala Aquifer, an area of approximately 174,000 sq. miles, is found under how many states?
10
9
8
7
What is the decline in the soil health status?
soil degradation
soil erosion
deforestation
Overgrazing
What is a factor that leads to soil degradation?
Deforestation
Overgrazing
Excessive use of pesticides
All of the above
What is the name of the soil conservation method illustrated in the image?
Reforestation
Counter ploughing
Strip planting
Crop rotation
Water that flows over impervious surfaces and into local water resources
surface water
ground water
runoff
watershed
What does ecological footprint measure?
How quantity of natural resources humans need compared to the earth's capacity to provide those resources
The size of cities across the world
The amount of fossil fuels that are burned for energy
The shoe size of the average human
How is ecological footprint measured?
In terms hectares of land required by each person in a selected area for food, water, transport, housing and waste management
In terms of number of years it would take before resources ran out
In terms of the average life expectancy of a nation
In terms of shoe size, e.g. women's 9
Sustainability is making sure that the planet and its resources can continue to provide life.
True
False
The main idea of sustainability is to act responsibly so that the resources on the planet will be able to _____________many generations to come.
feed
wipe out
support
clothe
Which grazing system is being depicted on the image?
Strip grazing
Rotational grazing
Zero grazing
Deferred grazing
Which type of fishing has high rates of bycatch and highly destructive of benthic communities.
Pole Fishing
Long Line Fishing
Purse Seining
Trawling
Which is true about aquaculturing?
The amount of aquacultured fish has decreased significantly in favor of wild-caught fish.
Aquaculturing requires the same inputs as other forms of animal agriculture, including feed and antibiotics.
Aquaculture operations do not affect the surrounding ecosystem in any adverse way.
All of the above are true.
carefully planned and controlled fire that removes flammable small trees and underbrush in the highest risk forest areas
conservation concession
deforestation
prescribed burn
debt for nature swap
