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APES Unit 8 Review

Total questions: 125

Worksheet time: 2hrs 18mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The largest component of municipal solid waste in the US is:
a)
Paper
b)
Plastic
c)
Yard Trimmings
d)
Metal
2.

Endocrine disruptors cause the following impacts to organisms

a)

increased respiratory rate

b)

damage to the cardiovascular system

c)

increased size of individual organisms

d)

birth defects and cancer

3.
The largest component of municipal solid waste in the US is:
a)
Paper
b)
Plastic
c)
Yard Trimmings
d)
Metal
4.

Endocrine disruptors cause the following impacts to organisms

a)

increased respiratory rate

b)

damage to the cardiovascular system

c)

increased size of individual organisms

d)

birth defects and cancer

5.
Which of the following is NOT used as a tertiary treatment to sanitize wastewater?
a)
Chlorine
b)
Ozone
c)
UV light
d)
CFC
6.
DDT is a POP (Persistent Organic Pesticide) that can act as an endocrine disruptor.  Which would it have the greatest effect on?
a)
Producers
b)
Primary Consumers
c)
Secondary Consumers
d)
Autotrophs
7.
The release of a large amount of sewage overflow into a nearby creek would lead to:
a)
High DO, High BOD, Low Fecal Coliform
b)
Low DO, High BOD, Low Fecal Coliform
c)
Low DO, High BOD, High Fecal Coliform
d)
Low DO, Low BOD, High Fecal Coliform
8.
In a river ecosystem, dissolved oxygen concentrations drop quickly downstream from a point-source input of organic matter into the river due to
a)
increasing populations of mayfly and stonefly larvae
b)
increasing bacterial activity as organic matter decays
c)
decreasing bacterial activity as turbidity increases
d)
decreasing water temperature
9.

Aquatic ecosystem that serves as a nursery for many species and suffers from pollution from city harbors like the Chesapeake Bay

a)

estuaries

b)

coral reefs

c)

open ocean

d)

wetlands

10.

Presence of fecal coliform bacteria suggests that

a)

a factory polluted the river

b)

a nearby treatment plant added chlorine to the waste water

c)

the water is safe for drinking

d)

untreated animal waste contaminated the water

11.

Which of the following describe the relationship between D.O. and B.O.D.?

a)

When D.O. decreases, the B.O.D. decreases

b)

When D.O. decreases, the B.O.D. increases

c)

When B.O.D. decreases, the D.O. decreases

d)

When B.O.D. increases, the D.O. decreases

12.

Which water quality test will best determine the disruption of photosynthesis caused by cloudy water conditions from sedimentation?

a)

Temperature

b)

Salinity

c)

Dissolved oxygen

d)

pH

e)

Turbidity

13.

The process of human activities in urban or agricultural areas that load nutrients into surface bodies of water is known as

a)

artificial fertilization

b)

cultural eutrophication

c)

thermal pollution

d)

lake stratification

e)

synthetic primary productivity

14.

Which of the following is a point-source pollutant?

a)

Sediment loading from erosion

b)

Runoff of pesticides from croplands

c)

Animal wastes from feedlots

d)

Fertilizer runoff from urban areas

e)

A sewage treatment plant effluent pipe

15.

Which of the following river conditions would yield the highest dissolved oxygen content?

a)

Fast-moving cold water, large amounts of submerged vegetative biomass

b)

Stagnant, warm water with large clumps of algae

c)

Slow- moving warm waters, low amounts of submerged vegetative biomass

d)

Warm water with little vegetative biomass

16.
Which of the following is a non-point source of water pollution
a)
Effluent from a sewage treatment plant
b)
BP refiner in Indiana discharging ammonia in a river.
c)
Runoff of pesticides from regional farms into the Illinois River.
d)
Hot water discharges from a nuclear power plant.
17.
Increased use of inorganic (lab-made) fertilizers on crops contributes to:
a)
Hypoxia in the Gulf of Mexico
b)
Increase in storm severity in southeastern U.S.
c)
Water shortages in California
d)
Saltwater intrusion on the East Coast.
18.

What is the danger in eating large fish like tuna and shark?

a)

They may be invasive species.

b)

If abundant, they may lead to a crash in other species.

c)

If they are high on the food chain they may contain high levels of mercury or POP's like PCB's

d)

They may contain too many nutrients from fertilizers.

19.
What is it called when a persistent pollutant (like mercury or PCBs) builds up in the tissues of an organism as they continue to eat something that contains the pollutant
a)
Subsidence
b)
Biomagnification
c)
Tragedy of the commons
d)
Bioaccumulation
20.

Organic matter like yard waste in landfills is a problem primarily because

a)

there is a high risk of toxic leaching

b)

it contains bacteria that spreads disease

c)

as it breaks down it can dissolve the containment

d)

it produces methane gas

21.
Incineration of waste is primarily used
a)
to generate heat or electricity
b)
to reduce waste volume and mass
c)
to eliminate heavy metals
d)
when there is no other option
22.
Amount of a toxic material per unit of body weight of test animals that kills half the test population in a certain time
a)
risk assessment
b)
risk management
c)
LD50
d)
LD60
23.
What is the LD-50 for Toxin B?
a)
10 mg
b)
13 mg
c)
25 mg
d)
50 mg
24.

Which of the following consumer products would most likely increase your exposure to bisphenol A?

a)

Wood paneling in the home

b)

Imported fruit from tropical regions

c)

Plastic food containers and water bottles

d)

Perfumes and hairsprays

e)

Oil-based paints

25.

The reduction in coal burning to generate electricity would most likely have the biggest impact on reducing which of the following toxins?

a)

Phthalates

b)

Vinyl chloride

c)

Mercury

d)

Benzene

e)

Radon

26.

Which of the following is used as insulation and is known to cause lung cancer?

a)

Asbestos

b)

Sulfur dioxide

c)

Formaldehyde

d)

Fiberglass

e)

Plywood

27.

Much of the radiation emitted by the earth is captured and trapped in the

a)

stratosphere

b)

lithosphere

c)

asthenosphere

d)

troposphere

e)

mesosphere

28.

Which of the following is a secondary pollutant and major component of photochemical smog?

a)

Carbon monoxide

b)

Methane

c)

Formaldehyde

d)

Radon

e)

Ozone

29.

Which of the following is a strategy for reducing the effects of acid rain?

a)

Applying a layer of granite under lakes

b)

Reducing the depth of soils

c)

Adding methylmercury to lakes

d)

Adding calcium carbonate to soils

e)

Increasing electricity use

30.

ID hazardous wastes and life cycle ”cradle to grave”

a)

CERCLA

b)

RCRA

c)

Clean Water Act

d)

NEPA

31.

Define liability for individual toxic waste sites, clean up those sites from a fund, the Superfund, built from taxes and fines assigned to polluters

a)

CERCLA

b)

RCRA

c)

Clean Water Act

d)

NEPA

32.

The pesticide Atrazine is a(n)

a)

neurotoxin

b)

mutagen

c)

endocrine disruptor

d)

viral disease spread by mosquitoes

33.

Which a point source of pollution?

a)

a factory smokestack

b)

runoff from city streets

c)

pesticides from agricultural fields

d)

fertilized from urban lawns

34.

What is true of endocrine disruptors?

a)

attack hormones that invade the body and cause diseases

b)

blocks receptors of hormones so cells can't get signals

c)

increase the rate of chemical reactions, like enzymes

d)

transports substances in an organism, like insecticides

35.

How are temperature and dissolved oxygen connected?

a)

warm water has less dissolved oxygen

b)

cold water has less dissolved oxygen

c)

there is no relation between temperature and amount of oxygen

36.

Why is it best to recycle aluminum?

a)

it uses less energy to recycle it than to make new aluminum

b)

making new aluminum is dangerous to transport, store, and process

c)

it is hard to find new aluminum, so it should be recycled

d)

if it goes to a landfill, it will leach and increase the pH of lakes and streams

37.

How does temperature and dissolved oxygen result in algae blooms?

a)

low oxygen kills fish, which decompose and produce nutrients for algae

b)

increased temperature increases waste from fish, which provide energy for algae

c)

increased temperature and less dissolved oxygen make fish move, decreasing competition so algae can grow

d)

Increased temperature leads to more dissolved oxygen, which helps algae grow

38.

Why would something be considered a persistent organic pollutant (POP)

a)

its stable and stays in the environment

b)

it controls diseases spread around the world

c)

it can be found in food and is toxic to those that eat it

d)

it has both short and long term health effects

39.

Endocrine disruptors affect what?

a)

red blood cells

b)

hormones

c)

carbon dioxide in blood

d)

hemoglobin levels

40.

What would be a possible consequence of endocrine disruptors that have runoff into a lake?

a)

increased food web interactions

b)

increased dissolved oxygen

c)

increase in birth defects of fish

d)

decreased turbidity of the water

41.

Why are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) so harmful?

a)

they confuse birds during flight because of noise pollution

b)

they are soluble in fat so they accumulate in organisms

c)

they release radioactive materials in water

d)

they release greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

42.

Which would cause eutrophication?

a)

increased recreational use of a lake

b)

cooler temperatures in an area

c)

phosphorus from runoff

d)

increase in fish populations

43.

Which is a supporting ecological service of wetlands?

a)

they are pretty for art and books

b)

ecotourism brings in revenue

c)

wetlands cycle nitrogen

d)

home for many organisms

44.

Releasing lots of sewage and organic wastes will result in

a)

increase in biological oxygen demand

b)

increase in dissolved oxygen

c)

decrease in bacteria

d)

decrease in water temperature

45.

Which are often used to clean up oil spills

a)

booms, skimmers, bacteria

b)

aeration, skimmers, bacteria

c)

aeration, phytoremediation, bacteria

d)

boom, incineration, phytoremediation

46.

What is true of a lake that is experiencing eutrophication?

a)

decreased algae

b)

increased nutrients

c)

decreased sediments

d)

increased oxygen

47.

Which would result from destroying wetlands?

a)

increased biodiversity

b)

increased levels of oxygen

c)

decreased sediments

d)

increased flooding

48.

What is phytoremediation?

a)

using bacteria to break down wastes

b)

breaking down toxins using sunlight

c)

using plants to absorb toxins

d)

toxins moving up the food chain

49.

How can recycling be encouraged?

a)

decreased purchasing of recycled material

b)

decreased fees for using landfills

c)

decreased taxes on recycled material

d)

decreased taxes on fossil fuel companies

50.

Where would you expect to find the greatest concentration of leachate?

a)

at the bottom of the landfill

b)

at the top of the landfill

c)

throughout the landfill

d)

leachate is not created in a landfill

51.

Bacteria in landfills perform anaerobic respiration as they decompose materials very slowly. This process creates

a)

methane

b)

leachate

c)

CO2

d)

oxygen

52.

In a landfill, MSW is covered with soil every day to reduce the impact of

a)

rats, seagulls and smells

b)

methane, leachate and litter

c)

leachate, rats and groundwater pollution

d)

surface water pollution and air pollution

53.

Which soil is best to have under a landfill?

a)

sand

b)

silt

c)

clay

d)

loam

54.

What are the 2 elements that landfills effect (abiotic)?

a)

Water and air

b)

Soil

c)

There are more than 2 elemnts

d)

Water and soil

55.
A sanitary landfill is lined with clay.
a)
True
b)
False
56.
What is leachate?
a)
Water that collects contaminates as it moves downward.
b)
Type of organism that helps to break down compost in a landfill.
c)
The bottom layer of covering in a landfill.
d)
 None of the above is correct.
57.

Which organism in the food web would

contain the highest concentration of chemical pollutants?

a)

producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

58.

Which organism in the food web shown to the right would

contain the lowest concentration of chemical pollutants?

a)

producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

59.

Which organism shown in the food chain above would contain the greatest concentration of chemical pollutants?

a)

phytoplankton

b)

krill

c)

tuna

d)

shark

60.
Concentration of toxins in an organism as a result of ingesting other plants/animals in which the toxins are widely distributed
a)
biomagnification
b)
point-source pollution
c)
artificial eutrofication
d)
consumable pollution
61.
Identify the process shown in this diagram.
a)
Extinction
b)
Toxin Accumulation
c)
Pollution
d)
Biomagnification
62.

True or False: Biomagnification means that animals at the bottom of the food chain have a higher concentration of PCBs.

a)

True.

b)

False.

63.

Oil spills are a form of...?

a)

Animal murder

b)

Environment saving

c)

Pollution

d)

Environment harm

64.

Where was one of the biggest oil spills in the U.S.?

a)

Gulf of Mexico

b)

Texas

c)

Exxon Valdez

d)

Santa Barbra

65.

What are three ways to clean up oil spilled in the water?

a)

burning, skimming, and containment

b)

scooping, looping, and tubing

c)

soaking, booming, and microbes

66.

ALL of the followed were affected by the oil spill EXCEPT for...

a)

fishing and shrimping

b)

tourism

c)

people's jobs

d)

growing of crops

67.

Why was the destruction of the Deepwater Horizon a big problem?

a)

Ships had difficulty navigating around the wreckage.

b)

The well was leaking huge amounts of oil.

c)

Safety valves were very expensive to replace.

68.

Dose causing death of half of the organisms exposed at this level.

a)

LD50

b)

LC50

c)

TC50

d)

TD50

69.

Indicates how poisonous a substance is to biological organisms

a)

toxicity

b)

acute effects

c)

chronic effects

d)

bioaccumulation

70.

Effluent pipes, smokestacks, and oil spills are all examples of

a)

persistance

b)

point-source pollution

c)

nonpoint-source pollution

d)

heavy metals

71.

Which type of pollutant does not require direct contact

a)

Heavy Metals

b)

Radition

c)

POPs

d)

Acids

72.

Living organism that can cause disease in another organism.

a)

pathogen

b)

carcinogen

c)

teratogen

d)

mutagen

73.
An infectious disease:
a)
can be spread from person to person.
b)
can not be spread from person to person.
74.

Plague is transferred to humans via

a)

Bites from an infected animal

b)

Pathogens in the air

c)

Infected water

d)

exposure to sewage

75.

How are climate change and pathogens related?

a)

Pathogens are wiped out at a higher rate as global temperatures rise

b)

Pathogens are no longer able to spread to subtropical regions

c)

Pathogens are able to expand their range due to warming temperatures

76.

Liver disease that develops due to long-time use of alcohol and drugs would be an example of a(n)

a)

chronic effect

b)

synergistic effect

c)

acute effect

d)

additive effect

e)

cumulative effect

77.

The reduction in coal burning to generate electricity would most likely have the biggest impact on reducing which of the following toxins?

a)

Phthalates

b)

Vinyl chloride

c)

Mercury

d)

Benzene

e)

Radon

78.

Which statement best illustrates limitations to determining the toxicities of environmental chemicals?

a)

Humans are not exposed to just one chemical; they are exposed to a mixture of chemicals that may produce synergistic effects.

b)

It is too expensive to test toxins that could be harmful to humans.

c)

The wide genetic variability of humans limits scientists' ability to determine toxicity trends.

d)

Recent legislation has limited the amount of animal testing that can take place.

e)

It is difficult to determine what types of chemicals humans are exposed to.

79.

Which of the following is used as insulation and is known to cause lung cancer?

a)

Asbestos

b)

Sulfur dioxide

c)

Formaldehyde

d)

Fiberglass

e)

Plywood

80.

Much of the radiation emitted by the earth is captured and trapped in the

a)

stratosphere

b)

lithosphere

c)

asthenosphere

d)

troposphere

e)

mesosphere

81.

A ship carrying gasoline runs into shore and spills large amount of gasoline.

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

82.

A farmer stores containers of pesticides in the barn and the containers leak

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

83.

Acid Rain

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

84.

What is the meaning of the word "anoxic"

a)

low oxygen

b)

high oxygen

c)

no oxygen

d)

above average oxygen

85.

Which of the following adds DO to a body of water? (Select ALL that apply)

a)

increasing temperature

b)

increasing aeration

c)

decreasing temperature

d)

decreasing aeration

86.
How does photosynthesis by aquatic plants impact dissolved oxygen levels in the water?
a)
the plants bring in dissolved oxygen with photosynthesis and reduce DO levels
b)
the plants give off dissolved oxygen with photosynthesis and increase DO levels
c)
the plants photosynthesis does not affect DO levels
d)
photosynthesis increases the temperatures with decrease DO levels
87.
How can oxygen be removed from the water?
a)
Aquatic animals breathing during the day and night
b)
Bacteria decomposing dead plants and animals and using dissolved   oxygen to do this
c)
When temperature increases 
d)
All of the above
88.
An excess of which of the following would most likely be associated with the formation of a dead zone?
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Nitrogen
d)
Iron
89.
What does DO stand for?
a)
Dissolved oxygen
b)
Dissolved osmium
c)
Dissolved ozone 
90.
This term refers to an ecological imbalance caused by excess nutrients
a)
Eutrophication
b)
Nitrification
c)
Decomposition
d)
Photosynthesis
91.
The amount of oxygen a quantity of water uses over a period of time at specific temperatures.
a)
Dead zone
b)
Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
c)
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL)
92.
What is it called when coral loses its color?
a)
bleaching
b)
white out
c)
colorization
93.
How are dead zones created? 
a)
Algal blooms remove CO2 from reefs
b)
Algal blooms remove O2 from reefs
c)
oil spills
d)
over-fished reefs
94.

Which organism in the food web would

contain the highest concentration of chemical pollutants?

a)

producers

b)

primary consumers

c)

secondary consumers

d)

tertiary consumers

95.

Which type of tissue that is found in greater amounts in

top predators accounts most for the accumulation of chemical

toxins?

a)

nervous tissue

b)

fat tissue

c)

muscle tissue

96.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs)...

a)

Break down easily

b)

Do not persist in the environment

c)

Accumulate in organisms over time & remain in the ecosystem

d)

Will degrade over time naturally

97.
These are lakes in mountain regions with clear water and few nutrients.
a)
estuarine
b)
oligotrophic
c)
eutrophic
d)
marine
98.
These are lakes in lowland areas with green water from phytoplankton and rich in nutrients.
a)
estuarine
b)
oligotrophic
c)
eutrophic
d)
marine
99.
Which of the following are NOT examples of Endocrine Disruptors?
a)
BPA
b)
PCBs
c)
Nitrogen
d)
DDT
100.
Which of the following best describes an Endocrine Disruptor?
a)
A chemical that disrupts the growth and development of organisms
b)
A chemical that disrupts the digestion of organisms
c)
A chemical that disrupts the blow flow of an organism
d)
A chemical that disrupts the bone structure of an organism
101.
True or False: Humans are completely immune from Endocrine Disruptors.
a)
True
b)
False
102.
Water that has been used by humans, but doesn't contain sanitary waste is called ________________.
a)
gray water
b)
septic water
c)
potable water
d)
none of these
103.
"Turbidity" is the measure of a body of water's ____________________________.
a)
cloudiness
b)
eutrophication
c)
temperature change
d)
flocculation
104.
What is the first step in the water treatment process?
a)
coagulation
b)
filtration
c)
flocs
d)
concentation
105.
During secondary treatment in the aeration tanks, what is working on the sewage waste?
a)
micro-organisms
b)
humans
c)
air titration
d)
oxidation/reduction
106.
What happens after second filtration?
a)
coagulation
b)
first filtration
c)
flocs
d)
chlorination
107.
What are two things that water treatment plants need to do?
a)
Clean and disinfect the water
b)
Boil and evaporate the water
c)
Remove the animals and plants
d)
Add chemicals and remove pesticides
108.

Bacteria in landfills perform anaerobic respiration as they decompose materials very slowly. This process creates

a)

methane

b)

leachate

c)

CO2

d)

oxygen

109.

Which soil is best to have under a landfill?

a)

sand

b)

silt

c)

clay

d)

loam

110.

Lethal dose (LD50) values are determined by the amount of a substance that:

a)

kills at least 50 individuals of the test population exposed to the substance

b)

kills a test population when given at least 50 ml of the substance

c)

kills at least 50% of the test population exposed to the substance

d)

kills a test population when given at least 50g of the substance

111.

Toxicity is determined by

a)

dosage

b)

body weight of the victim

c)

how it enters the body

d)

chemical form of the substance

112.

In what units are Lethal Dose50 (LD50) expressed?

a)

oz/lb

b)

mg/lb

c)

oz/kg

d)

mg/kg

113.

The LD50 for Vitamin A is 2000mg/kg, how many chewable vitamin tablets would a 10kg child have to consume to reach the LD50 if each tablet contains 1mg of Vitamin A

a)

2000 tablets

b)

20000 tablets

c)

1000 tablets

d)

10000 tablets

114.

Something, like PCBs, that causes cancer is called a

a)

mutagen

b)

pathogen

c)

carcinogen

d)

teratogen

115.

Something, like thalidomide, that causes malformed embryos, is called a

a)

mutagen

b)

pathogen

c)

carcinogen

d)

teratogen

116.

What is not true about heavy metals?

a)

They can leach into groundwater

b)

They can be found in e-waste

c)

They can cause mutations to your DNA

d)

They are potent neurotoxins

117.

Which type of pollutant does not require direct contact

a)

Heavy Metals

b)

Radiation

c)

POPs

d)

Acids

118.
What is the LD50 for Toxin B?
a)
10 mg
b)
13 mg
c)
25 mg
d)
50 mg
119.

Which pathogen is non-living?

a)

Virus

b)

Bacteria

c)

Fungi

d)

Parasite/Protist

e)

They are all alive

120.

Which pathogen reproduces using binary fission (Asexual Reproduction)?

a)

Virus

b)

Bacteria

c)

Fungi

d)

Parasite/Protist

121.

Ticks are an example of this way of transmitting (spreading) disease

a)

Air-borne

b)

Vector

c)

Touching a surface

d)

Contaminated food or water

122.
Viruses reproduce themselves by...
a)
dividing into two identical copies
b)
causing cells to transform into viruses
c)
making host cells reproduce copies of the viruses
d)
planting eggs inside host organisms
123.
Vaccines work by...
a)
killing pathogens that are already infecting a host
b)
helping antibodies build immunity against a specific pathogen
c)
causing the body to expel pathogens faster than normal
d)
preventing a specific pathogen from entering the body
124.

How do people get infected dysentery?

a)

They have to come in contact with fecal matter

b)

They play outside with no coat

c)

They didn't eat enough garlic

d)

Eating lunch less than one hour after swimming

125.

Which of the following could someone experience if they put insulation in houses?

a)

Hormone disruption

b)

Mesothelioma

c)

Decreased sperm count

d)

Liver cancer

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