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physical science final exam

Total questions: 114

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The kinetic theory of matter states that atoms and molecules are

a)

particles of all matter

b)

always in random motion

c)

what compose solids, liquids, and gases

d)

always emitting ene4rgy of some form

2.

The warmer an object is, the greater is its

a)

thermal energy

b)

conductivity

c)

radiation potential

d)

potential energy

3.

thermal energy is the result of particles having

a)

translational motions

b)

rotational motions

c)

vibratory motions

d)

all of the above

4.

when the piston of a tire pump is pushed down and air inside is compressed, the inside air

a)

cools

b)

warms

c)

increases in pressure but remains at the same temperature

d)

none of the above

5.

the concept defined in terms of kinetic energy per molecule is

a)

temperature

b)

heat

c)

thermal energy

d)

all of the above

6.

temperature is generally proportional to a substance's

a)

vibrational kinetic energy

b)

average translational kinetic energy

c)

rotational kinetic energy

d)

thermal energy

7.

whether one object is warmer than another relates most directly to

a)

molecular kinetic energy

b)

molecular potential energy

c)

specific heat capacity

d)

thermal equilibrium

8.

the temperature of absolute zero is

a)

0 C

b)

273 C

c)

0 kelvin

d)

-273 kelvin

9.

water changes from a liquid to solid at a temperature of

a)

0 C

b)

-273 kelvin

c)

0 kelvin

d)

-273 C

10.

water turns to steam at a temperature of

a)

100 C

b)

373 K

c)

both of these

d)

none of these

11.

as a gas initially at 0 C is cooled at constant pressure, what quantity decreases by 1/273 for each degree cooled?

a)

mass

b)

volume

c)

temperature

d)

pressure

12.

as a gas initially at 0 C is cooled at a fixed volume, what quantity decreases by 1/273 for each degree cooled?

a)

mass

b)

volume

c)

temperature

d)

pressure

13.

which of these temperatures could result from mixing a container of water at 20 C with one at 24 C

a)

19 C

b)

22 C

c)

24 C

d)

more than 24 C

14.

water normally boils at a temperature of

a)

100 C

b)

212 F

c)

373 kelvin

d)

all of these

15.

heat is simply another word for

a)

temperature

b)

thermal energy

c)

thermal energy that flows from hot to cold

d)

any positive temperature

16.

when heat is added to a bucket of 20 C water, there is an increase in

a)

temperature only

b)

thermal energy only

c)

temperature and thermal energy

d)

neither temperature nor thermal energy

17.

the amount of heat transferred to a system can be measured in

a)

watts

b)

kilograms

c)

calories or joules

d)

calories only

18.

if something is cold, it has decreased

a)

kinetic energy

b)

gravitational potential energy

c)

thermal energy

d)

heat

19.

matter does not contain

a)

heat

b)

thermal energy

c)

mass

d)

energy

20.

the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 C is

a)

1 joule

b)

1 calorie

c)

1 watt

d)

1 newton

21.

which of these is the largest amount of energy

a)

1 calorie

b)

1 joule

c)

1 Calorie

d)

all are the same

22.

water has a high specific heat capacity, which means that water

a)

requires a lot of energy in order to increase in temperature

b)

gives off a lot of energy in cooling

c)

absorbs a lot of energy for a small increase in temperature

d)

all of the above

23.

when a particular substance is said to have a low specific heat capacity, it means that the substance

a)

requires only a little energy in order to increase in temperature

b)

gives off only a little energy in cooling

c)

absorbs only a little energy for a small increase in temperature

d)

all fo these

24.

hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicated that the specific heat capacity for sand is

a)

less than that of plants

b)

more than that of plants

c)

likely the same as that of plants

d)

not enough information to answer

25.

if a certain material heats up quickly and cools down quickly, the material likely has

a)

no specific heat to speak of

b)

a low specific heat

c)

a high specific heat

d)

a low density

26.

relative to most liquids, when temperature changes, water absorbs or releases

a)

less thermal energy

b)

more thermal energy

c)

the same thermal energy but less joules

d)

the same thermal energy but more joules

27.

climate temperature extremes for land masses surrounded by water are normally

a)

less

b)

more

c)

about the same with other factors being equal

d)

none of the above

28.

when the temperature of a strip of iron is increased, the strip

a)

gets bigger in every dimension

b)

shrinks in every dimension

c)

gets longer but shrinks in width

d)

gets wider more than it gets longer

29.

a bimetallic strip used in thermostats relies on the fact that different metals have different

a)

specific heat capacities

b)

thermal energies at different temperatures

c)

rates of thermal expansion

d)

densities

30.

if you increase the temperature of a metal ring, the diameter of the hole in the ring

a)

decreases

b)

remains unchanged

c)

increases

d)

may either increase or decre

31.

water at room temperature

a)

expands when heated

b)

is in a liquid state

c)

becomes a bit less dense when heated

d)

all of the above

32.

the density of water at 4 C will slightly decrease when it is

a)

cooled

b)

warmed

c)

either cooled or warmed

d)

none of the above

33.

thermal conduction mostly involves the motion of

a)

electrons

b)

protons

c)

neutrons

d)

ions

34.

when your foot stands on a tile floor, thermal energy

a)

flows from your foot to the tile

b)

flows from the tile to your foot

c)

flows either way depending on the temperature of the tile

d)

doesnt flow in this case

35.

when author john walks barefoot across hot wooden coals, he is relying on wood's

a)

good conduction

b)

poor conduction

c)

low specific heat capacity

d)

low radiation

36.

thermal convection is linked mostly to

a)

radiant energy

b)

fluids

c)

insulators

d)

conductivity

37.

warm air tends to rise due to

a)

buoyancy

b)

momentum gained by added heat

c)

lower conductivity

d)

repulsive force between molecules

38.

when air rapidly expands, its temperature normally

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

remains unchanged

d)

is unaffected, but not always

39.

which of the following emit radiant energy

a)

ice cubes

b)

the sun

c)

earth

d)

all of these and every other object

40.

heat comes from the sun to earth by the process of

a)

conduction

b)

convection

c)

radiation

d)

conduction and convection, through radiation is greater

41.

radiant energy emitted by earth has the name

a)

terrestrial radiation

b)

electromagnetic radiation

c)

heat radiation

d)

earthly radiation

42.

energy radiated by a hot object is carried in

a)

sound waves

b)

electromagnetic waves

c)

both sound waves and electromagnetic waves

d)

thermal energy

43.

a low temperature source radiates relatively

a)

high frequencies of radiation

b)

low frequencies of radiation

c)

short wavelengths of radiation

d)

long wave length sound waves

44.

the relation F-T tells us that high temperature sources emit electromagnetic waves of

a)

high frequency

b)

low frequency

c)

long wavelengths

d)

high penetrating power

45.

a high temperature source radiates relatively

a)

short wavelengths

b)

long wavelengths

c)

low frequencies of radiation

d)

none of these

46.

all surfaces that absorb radiant energy

a)

emit it as well

b)

reflect it as well

c)

convert it to lower frequencies

d)

conduct it away

47.

the pupil of your eye is black because light that enters your eye

a)

is absorbed

b)

is reflected

c)

is radiated away

d)

turns pink to black

48.

when a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid

a)

releases energy

b)

absorbs energy

c)

neither of the above

49.

when a liquid is changed to a gas, the liquid

a)

releases energy

b)

absorbs energy

c)

neither of the above

50.

when a gas turns to a liquid, the gas

a)

releases energy

b)

absorbs energy

c)

neither of the above

51.

according to the first law of thermodynamics,

a)

there is no such thing as a perpetual motion machine

b)

the energy of a system is constant

c)

the total energy used in any process is conserved

d)

in any process there is a decrease in potential energy

52.

the Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined by which of the following temperatures?

a)

water boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees

b)

water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees

c)

water evaporates at 212 degrees and freezes at 0 degrees

d)

liquid water turns to a gas at 100 degrees and to a solid at 0 degrees

53.

a cold blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by

a)

radiation

b)

conduction

c)

convection

d)

both radiation and conduction

54.

an internal combustion engine uses what kind of energy to do work?

a)

radiation

b)

heat

c)

solar

d)

electrical

55.

temperature is a measure of the average ___ energy of an objects particles

a)

mechanical

b)

kinetic

c)

potential

d)

light

56.

which of the following is the name of a temperature scale

a)

celsius

b)

fahrenheit

c)

kelvin

d)

all of these

57.

convert 75C to degrees Fahrenheit

a)

74 F

b)

102 F

c)

150 F

d)

167 F

58.

the temperature at which all molecular motion stops is

a)

0 C

b)

0 F

c)

0 K

d)

all of the above

59.

convert 500 F to degrees celsius

a)

200 C

b)

296 C

c)

842 C

d)

958 C

60.

when one feels a warm oven, the sensation of warmth is the result of

a)

energy transfer

b)

potential energy

c)

contraction of molecules

d)

molecular transfer

61.

convert 300K to the celsius scale

a)

0 C

b)

27 C

c)

73 C

d)

573 C

62.

convert 458 K to the equivalent Fahrenheit temperature

a)

185 F

b)

237 F

c)

365 F

d)

731 F

63.

the energy transferred between objects with different temperatures is

a)

absoulte zero

b)

heat

c)

potential

d)

cold

64.

which of the following temperatures is impossible to measure

a)

-85 F

b)

-50 C

c)

-20 K

d)

545 F

65.

______ describes how much energy is required to raise an objects temperature

a)

conduction

b)

radiation

c)

specific heat

d)

convection

66.

calculate the energy transferred when raising the temperature of 16 kg of water by 3 C

a)

785 J

b)

2.2 KJ

c)

1.26 x 10^5 J

d)

2.0 x 10^5 J

67.

____ does not involve the movement of matter

a)

conduction

b)

radiation

c)

heat

d)

convection

68.

calculate the specific heat for a 20 g piece of metal if 30 J of energy is required to raise temperature by 12.5 K

a)

0.12 J/kg x K

b)

7.5 J/kg x K

c)

120 J/kg x K

d)

48 J/kg x K

69.

heat always moves from an object of ____ temperature to an object of ___ temperature

a)

moderate, high

b)

higher, lower

c)

lower , higher

d)

zero , high

70.

a drill but will get hot after extended use. this is because of

a)

potential energy

b)

refrigeration

c)

mechanical heating

d)

solar heating

71.

solar panels gather ___ energy from the sun

a)

kinetic

b)

radiated

c)

potential

d)

mechanical

72.

when energy is transformed, the amount of usable energy

a)

decreases

b)

remains constant

c)

increases

d)

none of the above

73.

a solar heating system that utilizes an electric fan to move warm air throughout a home is called a(n)____

a)

active

b)

aggressive

c)

convective

d)

passive

74.

which item below contains insulation material?

a)

stainless steel fork

b)

aluminum pie pan

c)

brass nail

d)

plastic foam cup

75.

evaporation causes a ___ effect

a)

basking

b)

radiation

c)

cooling

d)

heating

76.

heat engines use ___ to convert potential chemical energy and internal kinetic energy into mechanical energy

a)

conduction

b)

combustion

c)

radiation

d)

convection

77.

an engine transforms chemical energy of a fuel into work done by

a)

a carburetor

b)

friction

c)

spark plugs

d)

pistons

78.

the total amount of energy (both usable and unusable) in any process

a)

increases

b)

decreases

c)

remians constant

d)

varie

79.

what is 37 degrees celsius on the Fahrenheit scale

a)

98.6 F

b)

87 F

c)

92 F

d)

102 F

80.

as the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases, the

a)

temperature of the subtsance increases

b)

temperature of the substance decreases

c)

potential energy of the substance changes

d)

temperature remains the same

81.

the transfer of energy as heat caused by the collision of molecules is called

a)

convection

b)

conduction

c)

contact

d)

radiation

82.

in an air conditioner, a substance that easily evaporates and condenses is used to transfer energy from a room to the air outside. when the substance evaporates,

a)

it absorbs energy as heat from the surrounding air

b)

it transfers energy as heat to the surrounding air

c)

energy is transferred by conduction

d)

energy is transferred by convection

83.

the temperature of a substance increases by 3 K when 1635 J is added to a 2 kg quantity of the substance. what is the specific heat of the substance?

a)

242 J/kg x K

b)

272 J/kg x K

c)

300 J/kg x K

d)

817 J/kg x K

84.

the temperature of 1.5 kg of ethanol is 37 C. What will the final temperature be if 80,000 J of energy as heat is added to the ethanol?

a)

22 C

b)

51 C

c)

59 C

d)

67 C

85.

energy from the sun reaches earth by

a)

conduction and radiation

b)

radiation only

c)

conduction and convection

d)

conduction only

86.

convection currents rise in air because

a)

hot air rises and cold air remains stagnant

b)

cool air descends and hot air rises

c)

the molecules in hot air move faster

d)

hot air has less friction

87.

using the following table, determine which substance can absorb the most energy in a temperature increase of 1 K

a)

liquid water

b)

aluminum

c)

gold

d)

lead

88.

what is -175 C on the kelvin scale

a)

76 K

b)

89 K

c)

98 K

d)

448K

89.

temperature is

a)

associated with the sensation of hot and cold

b)

proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecules

c)

measured with thermometers

d)

all of the above

90.

the transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called

a)

convection

b)

conduction

c)

contact

d)

radiation

91.

which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter

a)

convection

b)

conduction

c)

radiation

d)

none of the above

92.

which of the following substances is the best conductor of transferring energy as heat

a)

carbon dioxide gas

b)

water

c)

iron

d)

rubber

93.

which substance listed in the table above has a specific heat approximately 10 times greater than the specific heat of silver

a)

water

b)

ethanol

c)

carbon

d)

mercury

94.

10 kg of a substance underwent 3 k change in temperature when 11,500 J of energy as heat was added to the substance. What is the substance

a)

gold

b)

water

c)

copper

d)

aluminum

95.

which of the following statements is true

a)

energy as heat is transferred from a lower temperature to a higher temperature

b)

energy as heat is transferred from a higher temperature to a lower temperature

c)

the amount of heat in a closed system is a constant

d)

energy as heat transferred into an object is determined by the amount of work done on the object

96.

how much heat energy will cause the temperature of 7 kg of iron to increase its temperature by 15 K? the specific heat of iron is 449 J/kg x K

a)

6.8 x 10^4 J

b)

4.7 x 10^4 J

c)

7.0 x 10^4 J

d)

3.0 x 10^4 J

97.

an increase in temperature of 1 C and 1 F are the same, but in different units

a)

true

b)

false

98.

an iceberg contains more thermal energy than a cup of hot tea

a)

true

b)

false

99.

doubling temperature means doubling thermal energy on the celsius and fehrenheit scales

a)

true

b)

false

100.

adding the same amount of heat to a cup of water and a cup of olive oil will produce different increases of temperature

a)

true

b)

false

101.

large land masses surrounded by water usually have less temperature extremes in their climates

a)

true

b)

false

102.

a watermelon will stay cool for a longer time than sandwiches in the same cooler box due to the high specific heat of water in the melon

a)

true

b)

false

103.

without exception, all substances expand when their temperatures are raised

a)

true

b)

false

104.

when a metal ring is heated, its hole becomes large

a)

true

b)

false

105.

when 4 C water is either heated or cooled a bit, the water expands

a)

true

b)

false

106.

both the tile floor and a rug in a room are normally the same temperature

a)

true

b)

false

107.

all the substances continually absorb and emit electromagnetic energy

a)

true

b)

false

108.

whenever a substance changes phase from solid to liquid, it is a net emitter of energy

a)

true

b)

false

109.

insulator

a)

a material that is a poor conductor of energy

b)

characteristic physical property of a substance, denoted by the letter c

c)

material through which energy is easily conducted

110.

specific heat

a)

characteristic physical property of a substance, denoted by the letter c

b)

material through which energy is earily transferred

c)

amount of heat in a closed system is a constant

111.

conduction

a)

material that is a poor conductor of energy

b)

the transfer of energy as heat through a material

c)

material through which energy is easily conducted

112.

radiation

a)

energy transferred as electromagnetic waves

b)

material through which energy is easily conducted

c)

material that is a poor conductor of energy

113.

conductor

a)

a mertial through which energy is easily conducted

b)

energy transferred as electromagnetic waves

c)

a material that is a poor conductor of energy

114.

convection

a)

the movement of fluids due to density differences caused by temperature variations

b)

a material that is poor conductor of energy

c)

transfer of energy a heat through a material