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Worksheetsphysical science final exam
Total questions: 114
Worksheet time: 57mins
The kinetic theory of matter states that atoms and molecules are
particles of all matter
always in random motion
what compose solids, liquids, and gases
always emitting ene4rgy of some form
The warmer an object is, the greater is its
thermal energy
conductivity
radiation potential
potential energy
thermal energy is the result of particles having
translational motions
rotational motions
vibratory motions
all of the above
when the piston of a tire pump is pushed down and air inside is compressed, the inside air
cools
warms
increases in pressure but remains at the same temperature
none of the above
the concept defined in terms of kinetic energy per molecule is
temperature
heat
thermal energy
all of the above
temperature is generally proportional to a substance's
vibrational kinetic energy
average translational kinetic energy
rotational kinetic energy
thermal energy
whether one object is warmer than another relates most directly to
molecular kinetic energy
molecular potential energy
specific heat capacity
thermal equilibrium
the temperature of absolute zero is
0 C
273 C
0 kelvin
-273 kelvin
water changes from a liquid to solid at a temperature of
0 C
-273 kelvin
0 kelvin
-273 C
water turns to steam at a temperature of
100 C
373 K
both of these
none of these
as a gas initially at 0 C is cooled at constant pressure, what quantity decreases by 1/273 for each degree cooled?
mass
volume
temperature
pressure
as a gas initially at 0 C is cooled at a fixed volume, what quantity decreases by 1/273 for each degree cooled?
mass
volume
temperature
pressure
which of these temperatures could result from mixing a container of water at 20 C with one at 24 C
19 C
22 C
24 C
more than 24 C
water normally boils at a temperature of
100 C
212 F
373 kelvin
all of these
heat is simply another word for
temperature
thermal energy
thermal energy that flows from hot to cold
any positive temperature
when heat is added to a bucket of 20 C water, there is an increase in
temperature only
thermal energy only
temperature and thermal energy
neither temperature nor thermal energy
the amount of heat transferred to a system can be measured in
watts
kilograms
calories or joules
calories only
if something is cold, it has decreased
kinetic energy
gravitational potential energy
thermal energy
heat
matter does not contain
heat
thermal energy
mass
energy
the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 C is
1 joule
1 calorie
1 watt
1 newton
which of these is the largest amount of energy
1 calorie
1 joule
1 Calorie
all are the same
water has a high specific heat capacity, which means that water
requires a lot of energy in order to increase in temperature
gives off a lot of energy in cooling
absorbs a lot of energy for a small increase in temperature
all of the above
when a particular substance is said to have a low specific heat capacity, it means that the substance
requires only a little energy in order to increase in temperature
gives off only a little energy in cooling
absorbs only a little energy for a small increase in temperature
all fo these
hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation. This indicated that the specific heat capacity for sand is
less than that of plants
more than that of plants
likely the same as that of plants
not enough information to answer
if a certain material heats up quickly and cools down quickly, the material likely has
no specific heat to speak of
a low specific heat
a high specific heat
a low density
relative to most liquids, when temperature changes, water absorbs or releases
less thermal energy
more thermal energy
the same thermal energy but less joules
the same thermal energy but more joules
climate temperature extremes for land masses surrounded by water are normally
less
more
about the same with other factors being equal
none of the above
when the temperature of a strip of iron is increased, the strip
gets bigger in every dimension
shrinks in every dimension
gets longer but shrinks in width
gets wider more than it gets longer
a bimetallic strip used in thermostats relies on the fact that different metals have different
specific heat capacities
thermal energies at different temperatures
rates of thermal expansion
densities
if you increase the temperature of a metal ring, the diameter of the hole in the ring
decreases
remains unchanged
increases
may either increase or decre
water at room temperature
expands when heated
is in a liquid state
becomes a bit less dense when heated
all of the above
the density of water at 4 C will slightly decrease when it is
cooled
warmed
either cooled or warmed
none of the above
thermal conduction mostly involves the motion of
electrons
protons
neutrons
ions
when your foot stands on a tile floor, thermal energy
flows from your foot to the tile
flows from the tile to your foot
flows either way depending on the temperature of the tile
doesnt flow in this case
when author john walks barefoot across hot wooden coals, he is relying on wood's
good conduction
poor conduction
low specific heat capacity
low radiation
thermal convection is linked mostly to
radiant energy
fluids
insulators
conductivity
warm air tends to rise due to
buoyancy
momentum gained by added heat
lower conductivity
repulsive force between molecules
when air rapidly expands, its temperature normally
increases
decreases
remains unchanged
is unaffected, but not always
which of the following emit radiant energy
ice cubes
the sun
earth
all of these and every other object
heat comes from the sun to earth by the process of
conduction
convection
radiation
conduction and convection, through radiation is greater
radiant energy emitted by earth has the name
terrestrial radiation
electromagnetic radiation
heat radiation
earthly radiation
energy radiated by a hot object is carried in
sound waves
electromagnetic waves
both sound waves and electromagnetic waves
thermal energy
a low temperature source radiates relatively
high frequencies of radiation
low frequencies of radiation
short wavelengths of radiation
long wave length sound waves
the relation F-T tells us that high temperature sources emit electromagnetic waves of
high frequency
low frequency
long wavelengths
high penetrating power
a high temperature source radiates relatively
short wavelengths
long wavelengths
low frequencies of radiation
none of these
all surfaces that absorb radiant energy
emit it as well
reflect it as well
convert it to lower frequencies
conduct it away
the pupil of your eye is black because light that enters your eye
is absorbed
is reflected
is radiated away
turns pink to black
when a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid
releases energy
absorbs energy
neither of the above
when a liquid is changed to a gas, the liquid
releases energy
absorbs energy
neither of the above
when a gas turns to a liquid, the gas
releases energy
absorbs energy
neither of the above
according to the first law of thermodynamics,
there is no such thing as a perpetual motion machine
the energy of a system is constant
the total energy used in any process is conserved
in any process there is a decrease in potential energy
the Fahrenheit temperature scale is defined by which of the following temperatures?
water boils at 100 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees
water boils at 212 degrees and freezes at 32 degrees
water evaporates at 212 degrees and freezes at 0 degrees
liquid water turns to a gas at 100 degrees and to a solid at 0 degrees
a cold blooded reptile basks on a warm rock in the sun. Its body is warmed by
radiation
conduction
convection
both radiation and conduction
an internal combustion engine uses what kind of energy to do work?
radiation
heat
solar
electrical
temperature is a measure of the average ___ energy of an objects particles
mechanical
kinetic
potential
light
which of the following is the name of a temperature scale
celsius
fahrenheit
kelvin
all of these
convert 75C to degrees Fahrenheit
74 F
102 F
150 F
167 F
the temperature at which all molecular motion stops is
0 C
0 F
0 K
all of the above
convert 500 F to degrees celsius
200 C
296 C
842 C
958 C
when one feels a warm oven, the sensation of warmth is the result of
energy transfer
potential energy
contraction of molecules
molecular transfer
convert 300K to the celsius scale
0 C
27 C
73 C
573 C
convert 458 K to the equivalent Fahrenheit temperature
185 F
237 F
365 F
731 F
the energy transferred between objects with different temperatures is
absoulte zero
heat
potential
cold
which of the following temperatures is impossible to measure
-85 F
-50 C
-20 K
545 F
______ describes how much energy is required to raise an objects temperature
conduction
radiation
specific heat
convection
calculate the energy transferred when raising the temperature of 16 kg of water by 3 C
785 J
2.2 KJ
1.26 x 10^5 J
2.0 x 10^5 J
____ does not involve the movement of matter
conduction
radiation
heat
convection
calculate the specific heat for a 20 g piece of metal if 30 J of energy is required to raise temperature by 12.5 K
0.12 J/kg x K
7.5 J/kg x K
120 J/kg x K
48 J/kg x K
heat always moves from an object of ____ temperature to an object of ___ temperature
moderate, high
higher, lower
lower , higher
zero , high
a drill but will get hot after extended use. this is because of
potential energy
refrigeration
mechanical heating
solar heating
solar panels gather ___ energy from the sun
kinetic
radiated
potential
mechanical
when energy is transformed, the amount of usable energy
decreases
remains constant
increases
none of the above
a solar heating system that utilizes an electric fan to move warm air throughout a home is called a(n)____
active
aggressive
convective
passive
which item below contains insulation material?
stainless steel fork
aluminum pie pan
brass nail
plastic foam cup
evaporation causes a ___ effect
basking
radiation
cooling
heating
heat engines use ___ to convert potential chemical energy and internal kinetic energy into mechanical energy
conduction
combustion
radiation
convection
an engine transforms chemical energy of a fuel into work done by
a carburetor
friction
spark plugs
pistons
the total amount of energy (both usable and unusable) in any process
increases
decreases
remians constant
varie
what is 37 degrees celsius on the Fahrenheit scale
98.6 F
87 F
92 F
102 F
as the kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance increases, the
temperature of the subtsance increases
temperature of the substance decreases
potential energy of the substance changes
temperature remains the same
the transfer of energy as heat caused by the collision of molecules is called
convection
conduction
contact
radiation
in an air conditioner, a substance that easily evaporates and condenses is used to transfer energy from a room to the air outside. when the substance evaporates,
it absorbs energy as heat from the surrounding air
it transfers energy as heat to the surrounding air
energy is transferred by conduction
energy is transferred by convection
the temperature of a substance increases by 3 K when 1635 J is added to a 2 kg quantity of the substance. what is the specific heat of the substance?
242 J/kg x K
272 J/kg x K
300 J/kg x K
817 J/kg x K
the temperature of 1.5 kg of ethanol is 37 C. What will the final temperature be if 80,000 J of energy as heat is added to the ethanol?
22 C
51 C
59 C
67 C
energy from the sun reaches earth by
conduction and radiation
radiation only
conduction and convection
conduction only
convection currents rise in air because
hot air rises and cold air remains stagnant
cool air descends and hot air rises
the molecules in hot air move faster
hot air has less friction
using the following table, determine which substance can absorb the most energy in a temperature increase of 1 K
liquid water
aluminum
gold
lead
what is -175 C on the kelvin scale
76 K
89 K
98 K
448K
temperature is
associated with the sensation of hot and cold
proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecules
measured with thermometers
all of the above
the transfer of energy by the movement of fluids or gases with different temperatures is called
convection
conduction
contact
radiation
which method of energy transfer does not involve movement of matter
convection
conduction
radiation
none of the above
which of the following substances is the best conductor of transferring energy as heat
carbon dioxide gas
water
iron
rubber
which substance listed in the table above has a specific heat approximately 10 times greater than the specific heat of silver
water
ethanol
carbon
mercury
10 kg of a substance underwent 3 k change in temperature when 11,500 J of energy as heat was added to the substance. What is the substance
gold
water
copper
aluminum
which of the following statements is true
energy as heat is transferred from a lower temperature to a higher temperature
energy as heat is transferred from a higher temperature to a lower temperature
the amount of heat in a closed system is a constant
energy as heat transferred into an object is determined by the amount of work done on the object
how much heat energy will cause the temperature of 7 kg of iron to increase its temperature by 15 K? the specific heat of iron is 449 J/kg x K
6.8 x 10^4 J
4.7 x 10^4 J
7.0 x 10^4 J
3.0 x 10^4 J
an increase in temperature of 1 C and 1 F are the same, but in different units
true
false
an iceberg contains more thermal energy than a cup of hot tea
true
false
doubling temperature means doubling thermal energy on the celsius and fehrenheit scales
true
false
adding the same amount of heat to a cup of water and a cup of olive oil will produce different increases of temperature
true
false
large land masses surrounded by water usually have less temperature extremes in their climates
true
false
a watermelon will stay cool for a longer time than sandwiches in the same cooler box due to the high specific heat of water in the melon
true
false
without exception, all substances expand when their temperatures are raised
true
false
when a metal ring is heated, its hole becomes large
true
false
when 4 C water is either heated or cooled a bit, the water expands
true
false
both the tile floor and a rug in a room are normally the same temperature
true
false
all the substances continually absorb and emit electromagnetic energy
true
false
whenever a substance changes phase from solid to liquid, it is a net emitter of energy
true
false
insulator
a material that is a poor conductor of energy
characteristic physical property of a substance, denoted by the letter c
material through which energy is easily conducted
specific heat
characteristic physical property of a substance, denoted by the letter c
material through which energy is earily transferred
amount of heat in a closed system is a constant
conduction
material that is a poor conductor of energy
the transfer of energy as heat through a material
material through which energy is easily conducted
radiation
energy transferred as electromagnetic waves
material through which energy is easily conducted
material that is a poor conductor of energy
conductor
a mertial through which energy is easily conducted
energy transferred as electromagnetic waves
a material that is a poor conductor of energy
convection
the movement of fluids due to density differences caused by temperature variations
a material that is poor conductor of energy
transfer of energy a heat through a material
