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Worksheets2nd semester biology exam
Total questions: 136
Worksheet time: 1hrs 8mins
One matching pair of chromosomes, one inherited from each parent, is called ______________
Sex chromosome
chromatid
homologous chromosome
haploid
What represents a diploid cell?
N
2N
3N
4N
Haploid cells ____________
Have only one set of chromosomes
Are made in mitosis
Have two sets of chromsomes
are body cells
What does meiosis NOT produce?
Sperm Cells
egg cells
Polar Bodies in Females
body cells
What process occurs during Prophase I of meiosis?
Meiosis II
Crossing Over
Duplication of Chromsomes
Division of the cytoplasm
Why is crossing over important?
It provides genetically unique cells
It helps gametes have better traits
It makes duplications of chromosomes
It makes diploid cells
How many sperm cells are produced from meiosis?
1
2
3
4
How many viable egg cells are produced from meiosis?
1
2
3
4
Which is NOT true about the difference of mitosis and meiosis?
Mitosis makes diploid cells where meiosis makes haploid cells
Crossing over occurs in meiosis and not mitosis
Meiosis makes 4 cells where mitosis makes 2 cells
Mitosis divides twice and meiosis only divides once
What phase is pictured below?
Prophase I
Metaphase I
Anaphase II
Telophase II
What phase is pictured below?
Prophase l
Metaphase l
Anaphase ll
Telophase II
What is the phase that the following picture occurs in?
Prophase l
Metaphase l
Anaphase ll
Telophase ll
Who is known as the father of genetics?
Mendel
Chargraff
Franklin
Watson and Crick
What is a dominant allele?
an allele represented by a lowercase letter
an allele masked by a recessive allele
an observed or expressed allele
a sex linked allele
If a trait SKIPS a generation, it is an indication the trait is ____________.
dominant
recessive
incompletely dominant
co-dominant
Having two of the same genes for the trait (sometimes called purebred) is known as what?
homozygous
dominant
heterozygous
sex linked
The allele pair Rr is which of the following?
homozygous dominant
homozygous recessive
heterozygous
sex linked
What is the phenotype of a plant that is Tt if the dominant allele is tall and the recessive allele is short?
short
tall
dominant
recessive
If G = green and g = yellow, the genotype for a yellow plant is ____________
GG
Gg
gg
all results in a yellow plant
What is NOT one of Gregor Mendel's principles of inherited traits?
the principle of dominance
the principle of crossing over
the principle of segregation
the principle of independent assortment
Fill in the yellow box:
AA
Aa
aa
According to the cross below, what percentage of the offspring will show the dominant trait?
25%
50%
75%
100%
According to the cross below, what percentage of the offspring will be heterozygous?
25%
50%
75%
100%
How many guinea pig offspring will be black long fur?
1
3
9
12
What is represented by the following Punnett square and its results?
sex linked traits
incomplete dominance
codominant
dihybrid
The following picture represents what pattern of inheritance?
complete dominance
codominance
incomplete dominance
sex linked trait
The following punnett square shows a co-dominant cross where the R allele makes a red flower and the W allele makes a white flower. What percentage of the offspring from this cross will be both red and white.
25%
50%
75%
100%
In a pedigree what represents a normal female?
white circle
white square
shaded circle
shaded square
A half shaded shape represents a _________
affected person
A homozygous normal person
a carrier
a relative
Using the following pedigree, which male is positive for cystic fibrosis
I-4
II-3
II-4
III-1
Using the following pedigree, what is the relationship between II-1 and II-2
sisters
brothers
married
parent or child
Using the following pedigree, how many children do II-2 and II-3 have that are POSITIVE for cystic fibrosis?
0
1
2
3
Colorblindness is a recessive X-linked disorder. Which genotype represents a colorblind male?
X X
X Xc
Xc Y
X Y
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
46
23
44
22
Is the following karyotype that of a male or female?
male
female
All bacteria are
Eukaryotic
Eubacteria
Prokaryotic
Pathogenic
Bacteria have 3 distinct shapes. Which of the following is NOT one of those shapes?
Coccus
Diplo
Bacillus
Spirillum
Bacteria can reproduce by exchanging DNA. This exchange is called:
Binary Fission
conjugation
Endospore production
sexual reproduction
Disease causing bacteria is calle
Decomposers
toxic
Pathogenic
nonpathogenic
Bacteria reproducing by copying DNA then dividing into 2 identical daughter cells is called
conjugation
Endospores
Binary Fission
Mutualism
Which of the following is NOT an importance use of bacteria?
Some are beneficial to the digestive systems of mammals.
They are used in the production of food products.
They undergo conjugation.
They are producers.
There are 3 differences between the two kingdoms of bacteria. Which of the following is NOT one of those differences?
what the cell wall is made of
how they reproduce
DNA differences
Habitats
Refer to the image above. What is the structure labeled B?
cell wall
cell membrane
capsule
DNA
Refer to the image above. What is letter E?
protein core
genetic material (DNA or RNA)
cytoplasm
ribosomes
Refer to the image above. What is the structure labeled A?
DNA
ribosomes
cytoplasm
pili
Refer to the image above. What is the structure labeled D used for?
eating
movement
reproduction
division
Which bacterial shape is shown below?
bacillus
coccus
spirillum
Identify the name of the following bacteria using the picture below.
Staphylococcus
Streptobacillus
Streptococcus
Diplococcus
Is the statement all Viruses are pathogenic true or false?
true
false
There are two cycles of infection used by viruses: The lytic and lysogenic. In which does the viral DNA become inserted into the host's DNA?
lytic
lysogenic
Which cycle enables the virus to stay dormant and doesn't immediately kill the host cell?
lytic
lysogenic
the only way a virus can replicate is
sexually
if it has a host
if it finds another virus
through binary fission
All of the following are true about Viruses EXCEPT
no metabolism
no energy source
do not evolve
do not grow and develop
Which of the following is NOT a way to control harmful bacterial growth?
sterilization
canning
leaving at room temperature
refrigeration
Which of the following statements about the use of antibiotics is NOT true?
Bacteria become resistant to the antibiotics.
In the past, they were often prescribed for viral infections which increased the chance of resistance in the patient.
Can lead to harmful effects such as becoming addicted to antibiotic treatments.
Antibiotics used in farm animals can travel up the chain increasing the chance of resistance in consumers.
What is the basic structure of a virus?
DNA or RNA surrounded by a cell wall.
a capsid surrounded by a protein coat
a capsid surrounded by an envelope
DNA or RNA surrounded by a cell membrane.
How do Virus enter a host cell?
it takes over the host's DNA
it uses special enzymes to cut through the cell membrane
It tricks the cell into letting it through the cell membrane by mimicking a protein or other molecule.
It kills the cell with a toxin so that it can cross through the cell membrane.
Which of the following is NOT a common virus?
Staphylococcus
Influenza
Bacteriophage
Hepatitis B
What occurs in the last step of the lytic cycle?
penetration
the host cell lyses(bursts)
attachment
the viral DNA detaches
Look at the following diagram of the viruses below. what do all of the structures labeled A represent?
capsid
DNA or RNA
proteins
envelope
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning RNA?
RNA cannot leave the nucleus
mRNA brings the proper amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis
mRNA is made from a DNA template in the nucleus of the cell
RNA contains thymine instead of uracil
Where does replication occur in the cell?
cytoplasm
endoplasmic reticulum
ribosomes
nucleus
Why must DNA replicate?
Replication is the the first step of protein synthesis, so without it, protein synthesis can not occur.
Used to make an mRNA strand from the DNA in the nucleus.
Ensures that each new daughter cell created has a complete set of DNA.
Ensures that the DNA can leave the nucleus in order for protein synthesis to occur.
The site where DNA is separated and replication occurs is called the ______________.
helicase
replication fork
nucleus
ribosomes
Which of the following are added in chunks to the lagging strand of DNA?
Helicase
DNA Polymerase
Okazagi
Ligase
Which of the following unzips the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogens bonds?
Helicase
DNA polymerase
Primase
Ligase
Which of the following moves along the original DNA strand adding complimentary nitrogen bases?
Helicase
DNA polymerase
Primase
Ligase
The strand of DNA that new nucleotides are added in the opposite direction are called the _____________.
complimentary strand
lagging strand
leading strand
daughter strand
The strand of DNA that polymerase begins and continues to add nucleotides is called the ____________.
complimentary strand
lagging strand
leading strand
daughter strand
Transcription is the process of making _______ from 1 gene of ________ .
RNA to DNA
mRNA to tRNA
DNA to DNA
mRNA to ribosome
Where does transcription occur in the cell?
ribosomes
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
cytoplasm
During transcription:
The DNA leaves the nucleus in order to be read by the ribosome
The ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles the amino acids
The tRNA molecules bring the proper amino acid to the ribosome
The mRNA is created in the nucleus from a DNA template.
In this image, B is carrying A - an amino acid. What type of RNA is being represented here by B?
aRNA
mRNA
dRNA
tRNA
Which of the following is the correctly transcribed mRNA strand for this DNA strand:
A U G C T C
A T G C T C
A U G C U C
T A C G A G
What process occurs when mRNA is copied to create tRNA and an amino acid chain that results in making proteins?
replication
mitosis
translation
transcription
A protein made of amino acids is the end result of ______________.
replication
translation
mitosis
transcription
What organelle reads the mRNA?
ribosomes
nucleus
endoplasmic reticulum
golgi body
Translation:
occurs in the nucleus
occurs after transcription has taken place
is the process in which the mRNA molecule is read by the ribosome
includes tRNA molecules bringing the amino acids to the ribosomes
all of the above
Which of the following is the correctly transcribed amino acid strand for this mRNA strand: AUC GUG
ILE-MET
VAL-ILE
ILE-VAL
MET-VAL
According to the codon wheel below the codon GUC codes for which of the following amino acids?
Arganine
lysine
alanine
valine
Which of the following is NOT a type of point mutation?
deletion
insertion
substitution
chromosomal
A mutation that causes all of codons to change, altering the protein is a _______________.
replication
chromosomal
frameshift
substitution
What type of mutation is occurring in this strand of DNA?
deletion
substitution
chromosomal
insertion
The picture below is an example of what type of mutation?
substitution
insertion
deletion
chromosomal
How do frameshift mutations alter the DNA sequence?
they change the DNA at one specific base only
They change all codons by adding or removing a nucleotide causing major issues
they change one amino acid during translation
they stop translation too early by inserting a STOP codon
Human manipulation of genetic material in the cell is called______________.
replication
recombinant DNA
genetic engineering
transcription
Which of the following is NOT a type of DNA technology?
forensic identification
chromosomal mutations
gene therapy
genetic engineering
What is the name for genetically modified DNA prepared by scientists to become a part of the species genetic makeup?
labDNA
mDNA
recombinant DNA
tDNA
During DNA replication each new piece of DNA is made up of 1 old strand and 1 new strand and is considered to be ____________________.
complementary
transcribed
conservative
semiconservative
Which of the following is an example of a disease we discussed that is caused by point mutations?
cancer
chrohn's disease
sickle cell anemia
chromosomal
Which scientist discovered the structural shape of DNA through taking an X-ray photograph?
Erwin Chargaff
James Watson
Francis Crick
Rosalind Franklin
What did the photograph taken by Rosalind Franklin prove?
it proved that DNA was a double helix
it proved that A=T and G=C
it proved that DNA is a monomer
it proved that DNA has genes
Use this image to answer the following questions:
What is the correct order of Mitosis?
A, B, C, D
A, D, B, C
C, A, B, D
A, B, D, C
What phase does cell A represent?
interphase
telephase
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
What phase does cell D represent?
interphase
telephase
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
From the onion mitosis activity: What phase did we see the cells spend the most time in?
interphase
telephase
anaphase
metaphase
prophase
What happens during metaphase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle and attach to spindle fibers.
New nuclear envelope is formed around each set of chromosomes forming two new nuclei.
Nuclear envelope starts to disappear and chromosomes become visible.
Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move to opposite poles of the cell.
What happens during telophase?
Chromosomes line up in the middle and attach to spindle fibers.
New nuclear envelope is formed around each set of chromosomes forming two new nuclei.
Nuclear envelope starts to disappear and chromosomes become visible.
Sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers and move to opposite poles of the cell.
In what part of Interphase is the DNA duplicated?
G1
S
G2
M
In interphase, the DNA is in the form of loose threads called:
chromatin
chromosomes
centromere
spindle fibers
What is the 'X' shaped structure that DNA condenses into in prophase?
chromatid
chromosome
centromere
spindle fibers
What is the spider like strands that pull the sister chromatids apart?
centrioles
asters
centromere
spindle fibers
What holds the two chromatids together? (B in the image)
centrioles
asters
centromere
spindle fibers
The __________ cell is a new cell formed at the end of mitosis.
parent cell
daughter cell
sister cell
father cell
What is the purpose of cell divsion?
Growth of an organism, replacement of dying cells, and repair of damaged tissue
to help an organism get rid of excess cells
to get rid of the nucleus
to make chromosomes
What type(s) of cells undergo mitosis?
sex cells
gametes
somatic (body cells)
sperm and egg cells
Cytoplasmic division is called_______________
interphase
S phase
cytokinesis
mitosis
What is the correct term for what "develops in the middle plane of a plant cell separating it into two daughter cells during cell division"?
cell
cell cycle
centriole
cell plate
Sister chromatids are___________.
parent cells
daughter cells
centromeres
two identical arms
When a new organism is produced from ONE parent organism:
sexual reproduction
asexual reproduction
budding
spontaneous generation
How many chromosomes do humans have?
2
50
46
21
In an animal cell the pinching of the cell membrane is called ____________.
centromere
cleavage
cell plate
chromatin
In the following image, A represents what?
Hydrophyllic Head
Hydrophyllic Tail
Hydrophobic Head
Hydrophobic Tail
In the following image, B represents what?
Hydrophyllic Head
Hydrophyllic Tail
Hydrophobic Head
Hydrophobic Tail
In the cell membrane image, which letter represents carbohydrates?
A
B
C
D
In the cell membrane image, which letter represents proteins?
A
B
C
D
Allowing select substances to pass but acting as a barrier to others is considered
hydrophobic
hydrophillic
semi-permeable
permeable
What type of transport requires energy?
Active Transport
Passive Transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Which of the following is NOT a type of passive transport?
diffusion
osmosis
endocytosis
facilitated diffusion
Diffusion is considered what type of transport?
Passsive
Active
Facilitated
osmotic
When placing a carrot in salt water, what will happen?
Osmosis will occur and water will enter the carrot, causing its mass to increase.
Osmosis will occur and water will exit the carrot, causing its mass to decrease.
The will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell.
Carrier proteins with ATP energy will move the salt into the carrot.
What type of passive transport requires proteins to cross the membrane?
Diffusion
Osmosis
Endocyosis
Facilitated Diffusion
What type of transport moves against the concentration gradient?
Active Transport
Diffusion
Osmosis
Passive Transport
What type of transport is also known as "cell eating"
Endocytosis
Pinocyosis
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
When will diffusion stop?
when the cell is heated
when the cell is cooled
when the cell is placed in salt water
when equilibrium is reached
Which column represents a HYPERTONIC solution?
A
B
C
Which column represents a HYPOTONIC solution?
A
B
C
What will happen to the cell in this osmosis example?
water will move into the cell
water will leave the cell
the cell will be in equilibrium with no movement
the cell will burst
What type of solution is shown in the following image?
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
equilibrium
What are the missing percentages for the solution shown in the following image?
50% and 50%
57% and 40%
40% and 57%
62% and 30%
Water is the universal ___________.
solute
solvent
solution
mixture
Because water is polar, what other substances does it like?
other polar substances
nonpolar substances
oily substances
hypotonic substances
A bug skating on top of water without sinking is an example of what property of water?
cohesion
surface tension
polarity
universal solvent
What term refers to water sticking to OTHER substances besides water?
cohesion
adhesion
polar
surface tension
What two things happen when water freezes that allow water ecosystems to survive in water?
it expands and sinks
it expands and floats
it gets smaller and sinks
it gets smaller and floats
What property of water is demonstrated by a balloon with water in it not popping when exposed to heat?
adhesion
cohesion
surface tension
resistance to temperature change
