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WorksheetsFinal Exam 2022
Total questions: 125
Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins
The two most abundant components of dry air are:
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
oxygen and water vapor.
carbon dioxide and water vapor.
nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
nitrogen and oxygen.
The two factors that are most important in determining the density of air are:
temperature and salinity.
nitrogen and water vapor content.
temperature and water vapor content.
temperature and ozone.
carbon dioxide and water vapor content.
Winds blowing out of the north toward the south in the southern hemisphere will appear to:
be deflected toward the east.
be deflected toward the west.
circulate counterclockwise.
circulate clockwise.
travel in a straight line.
A tropical maritime air mass is likely to be:
dry and cold.
dry and warm.
wet and cold.
wet and the same temperature.
wet and warm.
A cold air mass moving into an area occupied by relatively warm air is called a/an:
cold front.
high pressure system.
low pressure system.
occluded front.
warm front.
Inter-tropical Convergence Zone
located at 23.5° N latitude
located at 23.5° S latitude
located at 30° S latitude
area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
Tropic of Cancer
located at 23.5° N latitude
located at 23.5° S latitude
located at 30° S latitude
area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
Trade winds
located at 23.5° N latitude
located at 23.5° S latitude
located at 30° S latitude
area where warm, moist air rises close to the equator
prevailing wind pattern at temperate latitudes
All of the following are true of the movement of Earth's atmosphere except:
a column of cool, dense air produces high pressure at the Earth's surface.
a column of warm, less dense air produces low pressure at the Earth's surface.
cool air is denser than warm air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.
the movement of air within the atmospheric convection cells generates the Earth's major wind belts.
warm air is less dense than cool air so it tends to sink toward the Earth's surface.
The strength of a hurricane is ranked from 1 to 5 on the:
Coriolis Scale.
Fujita Scale.
Moh's Scale.
Richter Scale.
Saffir-Simpson Scale
The largest loss of life from a hurricane is usually due to:
high winds.
intense precipitation.
low atmospheric pressure.
storm surge.
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
ecliptic
vernal equinox
autumnal equinox
westerlies
summer solstice
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
maximum sustained winds
minimum central pressure
sea surface salinity
storm surge
storm diameter
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
nitrogen
albedo
oxygen
troposphere
water vapor
Near the poles, more energy is reflected back into space than is absorbed.
True
False
Warm air can hold more water vapor than cold air.
True
False
A wedge shaped boundary between two air masses with different densities is typical for a cold front.
True
False
Coriolis deflection is highest at the equator (0 degree latitude).
True
False
The Coriolis effect describes how moving objects on Earth appear to follow curved paths due to Earth's rotation.
True
False
The autumnal equinox occurs when the sun is directly overhead along the equator in March.
True
False
The lowermost portion of the atmosphere where most weather occurs is called the:
stratosphere.
troposphere.
ozone layer.
tropopause.
upper atmosphere.
A person experiences a popping feeling in their ears during the takeoff or landing of an airplane or while driving on steep mountain roads due to changes in the ________ of the atmosphere.
density
temperature
movement
water vapor content
pressure
The horse latitudes boundary occurs in which of the following regions?
5 to 30 degrees
30 degrees
30 to 60 degrees
60 degrees
60 to 90 degrees
Of the following statements about the doldrums, which is NOT true?
The doldrums are the wind boundary between the trade winds and the prevailing westerlies.
There is usually little wind but a lot of rain associated with the doldrums.
The doldrums are an area of low atmospheric pressure.
The doldrums are the boundary between the northeast trade winds and the southeast trade winds.
This is also known as the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ).
The air in the center of the eye of the hurricane is ________ air moving ________.
warm moist; upward
warm moist; downward
cool dry; upward
cool dry; downward
Considering our current technology, how much of the U.S. energy needs could realistically be supplied by renewable wind energy?
5%
20%
70%
35%
50%
Which of the following is a major disadvantage to the use or production of wind power?
the equipment needed to generate the power
variation of wind speed
wildlife is greatly affected by turbines
the energy storage method
Earth's atmosphere is heated primarily by __________.
re-radiation of solar energy from Earth's surface back into the atmosphere as infrared radiation
conduction of heat from Earth's surface
solar energy interacting with the ionosphere
latent heat of condensation in storms
solar energy interacting with the stratosphere
Based on the characteristics, what is the name of the wind belt being described as strong, steady winds, generally from the east?
Trade winds
Prevailing winds
Polar easterlies
None of the above
In coastal regions, sea breezes happen ________ and land breezes happen ________.
in the morning; at night
at night; in the morning
at night; in the afternoon
in the afternoon; at night
Sediment samples from deep beneath the ocean floor are recovered by __________.
dredging
rotary drilling
gravity coring
instrumented probes
grab sampling
Which type of marine sediments include siliceous and calcareous oozes?
Cosmogenous
Biogenous
Lithogenous
Hydrogenous
Volcanic ash is considered to be which type of marine sediment?
Cosmogenous
Lithogenous
Hydrogenous
Biogenous
Examine the five words and/or phrases and determine the relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the one option that does not fit the pattern.
Hydrogenous
Lithogenous
Calcareous
Cosmogenous
Biogenous
Marine sediments that originate in the warm tropical surface ocean would create deposits in the deep sea composed primarily of ___________.
calcium carbonate
metal sulfides
volcanic ash
quartz sand
silica
The most abundant mineral in lithogenous sediments is __________.
gypsum
quartz
halite
aragonite
calcite
Sediment that begins as rocks on continents or islands is called ________.
biogenous sediment
lithogenous (terrigenous) sediment
hydrogenous sediment
cosmogenous sediment
Sandstone is an example of which of the following sediment types?
Biogenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Stromatolites are an example of which of the following sediment types?
Biogenous Sediment
Cosmogenous Sediment
Hydrogenous Sediment
Lithogenous Sediment
Terrigenous Sediment
Phosphate-rich nodules form in:
estuaries.
abyssal plains.
mid-ocean ridges.
intermediate to shallow depth water.
hydrothermal vent areas.
The dissolution of the thick tests of foraminifers below the CCD is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment.
destruction
erosion
ecology
dilution
productivity
The settling of the thick tests of foraminifers into the seafloor is an example of the ________ of biogenous sediment.
destruction
erosion
ecology
dilution
productivity
The most likely place to find abundant manganese nodules is on the:
continental rise.
crest of a mid-ocean ridge.
abyssal plain far from a continent.
continental shelf.
All of the above locations contain manganese nodules.
You take a sediment sample from the ocean floor at a depth of 5500 m. The area has low biological productivity and the CCD is at 4500 m depth. Your sample will probably consist of __________.
calcareous ooze
clay
coral
siliceous ooze
sand
The K-T boundary contained an unusual clay layer with high proportions of which element?
Mercury
Platinum
Gold
Iridium
Rhodium
In general, polar neritic sediment tends to have more ________.
silt and sand than in tropical waters
coral debris than in tropical waters
gravel than in tropical waters
clay than in temperate waters
shell fragments than in temperate waters
A very important way to increase the settling rate of fine particles in the open ocean is via:
deposit feeders.
precipitation.
fecal pellets.
wind.
carbonate dissolution.
The sediments that are produced in areas of high primary productivity are indicated by the number(s):
3.
3 & 4.
2 & 3.
1.
2.
Calcareous oozes are represented by the number(s):
4.
3 & 4.
2 & 3.
1.
2.
China currently supplies about 90% of which of the following resources?
Manganese nodules and crusts
Gas hydrates
Sand and gravel
Phosphorite
Rare-earth elements
The ancient remains of which of the following, buried before they could decompose, are the source of today's petroleum deposits?
Dinosaurs
Fish and amphibians
Peat and coal
Land based plants
Microscopic organisms
Which of the following is thought to have enriched ocean floor sediments with rare-earth elements?
Sea floor methane seeps
Clathrate formation
Deep-sea hotsprings
Groundwater leaching
Nodule and crust creation
Which of the following contains the most organic carbon on Earth?
Fossil Fuels
Living organisms
Gas hydrates
Peat
Soil
If the calcium carbonate sediments get deposited at depths below the CCD,
the sediment grows as it accumulates more CaCO3 mineral
the sediment very gradually chemically changes into siliceous minerals
the sediment dissolves
the sediments get subducted into the trenches
All of the following are hydrogenous sediments except:
evaporites.
halites.
manganese nodule.
phosphates.
stromatolites.
All of the following are true concerning neritic sediment deposits except:
they may contain coarse-grained sand and rock fragments in the sediments.
they may contain sediments of lithogenous origin.
they may contain sediments transported from rivers onto the continental shelf.
they may form in shallow coastal waters.
they are primarily composed of calcareous deposits of biological origin.
High-energy environments are most likely to deposit which one of the following?
clay-sized particles
cosmogenous sediments
large particles such as gravel
manganese nodules
silt-sized particles
Which of the following contains calcium carbonate (CaCO3)?
diatoms
foraminiferans
methane hydrates
manganese nodules
radiolarians
Which of the following contains silica (SiO2)?
coccolithophores
corals
foraminiferans
manganese nodules
radiolarians
The type of marine sediment that forms the thickest deposits worldwide is:
abyssal clay deposits.
manganese nodule deposits.
neritic, lithogenous sediment deposits.
neritic siliceous sediment deposits.
pelagic biogenous calcareous deposits.
mantle
convection currents
Which layer of the Earth produces the Earth's magnetic field?
Outer core
Inner core
Mantle
Crust
Earth's internal processes are driven primarily by what?
Heat and convection currents
Ocean currents
Weathering and erosion
Earthquakes and volcanoes
Present day fossils of similar organisms are found on different continents. This supports the theory of continental drift how?
The environment of these organisms was once connected when continents were joined
The organisms were avian and could flew over a wide range
The organisms often migrated
The organisms had a large population that was widespread
Some fossils found on Antarctica required a tropical climate to live. How does this support the theory of continental drift?
The climate at the poles of the earth is cold, meaning that Antarctica used to be closer to the equator.
The climate at the poles of the earth was once warm
The equator used to be at the poles of the earth
The earth's orientation was once such that the poles of the earth were closer to the sun
The book The History of Ocean Basins, which contained the idea of seafloor spreading, was written by geologist:
Harry Hess
Frederick Vine
Alfred Wegener
John T. Wilson
Why don't present day continents fit perfectly together?
erosion of coastlines and changes in the sea level
They have been twisted by earthquakes
Fossils
Human actions have changed the shape of coastlines
Which of these boundaries is responsible for creating volcanic arcs?
Continental - Continental Convergence
Oceanic - Continental Convergence
Mid Ocean Ridges
Oceanic - Oceanic Convergence
Which of these creates a trench? Select all that apply.
Oceanic - Oceanic Convergence
Continental - Continental Convergence
Continental - Oceanic Convergence
Mid-Ocean Ridge
When one tectonic plate is pulled under another and into the mantle, it's called:
A Subduction Zone
A Transform Boundary
A Ridge
A Folded Mountain
A boundary that doesn't create or destroy crust is called a:
Transform Boundary
Convergent Boundary
Divergent Boundary
Rift Valley
When a divergent boundary happens under continental crust, it's called a:
Rift Valley
Block Mountain
Folded Mountain
Mid-Ocean Ridge
Volcanoes are most likely to occur along a _______.
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
All of the above
The Himalayan mountains were formed because of a _______.
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
All of the above
Observe the photo below. What process is in the photo?
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
None of the above
What plate boundary is in the photo below?
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
None of the above
What is an example of a Transform Plate boundary
Himalaya Mountain Range
San Andreas Fault
Mariana Trench
Grand Canyon
Which type of plate is denser?
Continental
Oceanic
Which rock type is the continental plate made of?
Balsalt
Chalk
Granite
Sandstone
What is a hotspot?
The location of volcanoes at plate boundaries.
Volcanoes at a conservative plate boundary.
Volcanoes at a convergent plate boundary.
Volcanoes that exist in the middle of tectonic plates.
Name the plate labelled "C"
north american plate
nazca plate
indian plate
african plate
What is the name of the tectonic plate labelled "D"
Eurasian plate
North America plate
Antarctica plate
Cocos plate
What is the name of the tectonic plate labelled "D"
Eurasian plate
North America plate
Antarctica plate
Cocos plate
Name the tectonic plate labelled "K"
Juan De Fuca
Nazca
Carribean
Cocos
Plate B is also known as ?
Antarctica plate
African plate
South American plate
Eurasian plate
This plate labelled "M" is called the .................?
Nazca plate
Cocos plate
Juan De Fuca plate
Carribean plate
"N" is the __________________ plate
Pacific plate
Antarctica plate
Eurasian plate
Indo-Australian plate
The plate labelled "A" is the ______________ plate
Pacific plate
Arabian plate
Philippines plate
Carribean plate
"G" is the ____________________ plate
North American
Cocos
Nazca
Juan de Fuca
South American
If the rate and direction of plate movement remain the same for the next 50 million years, what would then be an accurate prediction?
Rifting of the Eurasian plate to form a juvenile ocean
Subsidence of the Himalayan Mountains
Suturing of the Atlantic Ocean
Merging of California onto Alaska
Which of the following is an example of the embryonic stage of the Wilson Cycle?
East Africa
Atlantic Ocean
Mediterranean Sea
Himalayas
Which stage of the Wilson cycle is the Atlantic Ocean currently in?
Declining stage
Embryonic stage
Mature stage
Juvenile stage
Of the Hawaiian Island Chain, which island is the youngest in age?
Kauai
Molokai
Hawaii (Big Island)
Maui
Deep ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and caused by ________.
density differences; the Coriolis effect and land
density differences; differences in salinity and temperature
latitude; differences in salinity and land
wind; the Coriolis effect and land
wind; gravity and density
Which of the following is a direct method for measuring surface currents?
pressure gradients
radio altimeters
dynamic topography maps
propeller flow meter
Ocean surface currents transfer about ________ of the total amount of heat from the tropics to the poles.
1/4
1/3
1/2
2/3
4/3
Surface ocean currents are driven primarily by ________ and modified by ________.
density differences; the Coriolis effect and land
density differences; differences in salinity and temperature
latitude; differences in salinity and land
wind; the Coriolis effect and land
wind; gravity and density
Equatorial currents are driven by _________.
Coriolis Force
density
Ekman transport
Trade Winds
westerlies
Identify the mismatched pair from the choices below
Agulhas Current, West Australia Current
Brazil Current, Benguela Current
Canary Current, Gulf Stream
Kuroshio Current, California Current
Labrador Current, Humboldt Current
Compared to western boundary currents, eastern boundary currents are ________.
broad and deep
broad and slow
deep and swift
narrow and deep
shallow and swift
The Ekman spiral is caused by ________.
density differences in the water column
the win and gravity
the wind and the Coriolis effect
the pycnocline
pressure gradients
Which type of current flow moves in a circular path around a subtropical convergence, reflecting Ekman transport, gravity, and the Coriolis effect?
Counter-current circulation
Density- driven circulation
Geostrophic circulation
Thermohaline circulation
Western intensification causes ________.
a steeper slope of surface water in the western section of the gyre as compare to the eastern section of the gyre
equatorial countercurrents
the center of the gyre to be shift to the west
very swift western boundary currents
all of the choices are the result of westward intensification
The Brazil Current is associated with which Gyre?
North Pacific Gyre
North Atlantic Gyre
Indian Ocean Gyre
South Atlantic Gyre
How many subtropical gyres are there?
1
2
3
4
5
Warm currents flowing ________ on the ________ sides of continents produce warm, humid conditions.
poleward; eastern
poleward; western
toward the equator; eastern
toward the equator; western
Deep-water currents move ________ volumes of water and are much ________ than surface currents.
larger; faster
larger; slower
smaller; faster
smaller; slower
An increase in seawater density can be caused by a ________ in temperature or a(n) ________ in salinity.
decrease; decrease
decrease; increase
increase; decrease
increase; increase
Which of the following currents contributes to the South Eastern United States being humid?
Brazil Current
California Current
Gulf Stream
North Atlantic Current
North Equatorial Current
Surface waters are pushed away from land and replaced by nutrient-rich deep water through ________.
convergence
downwelling
land breezes
upwelling
sea breezes
Which conditions in the ocean promote high productivity?
warm water, rich nutrients
warm water, poor nutrients
cold water, poor nutrients
cold water, rich nutrients
Which of the following is true of surface water circulation near Antarctica?
a gyre is formed here
two circumpolar currents dominate it, one current that moves water to the east and one current that moves water to the west.
It is dominated by water flow directly away from the polar region toward the north.
The surface ocean has no strong currents
The circulation of water around the Antarctic continent is driven by density differences.
During winter months, monsoon winds over the Indian Ocean ________.
flow from land to sea and are dry
flow from sea to land and are wet
flow from land to sea and are wet
flow from sea to land and are dry
The El Niño Southern Oscillation can best be described as ________.
relative changes between two different atmospheric pressure systems at high altitude
the relationship between sea surface temperature and changing atmospheric pressure
tidal differences between coastal Peru and Darwin, Australia
variation in wind speed over the Pacific Ocean
wind speed and wind direction differences along the equator
The main current in Antarctic waters is the ________ Current.
Antarctic Circumpolar
Benguela
Malvinas
South Australian
South Equatorial
The Sargasso Sea is the water that circulates around the rotation center of the ________ gyre
Indian Ocean
North Atlantic
North Pacific
South Atlantic
South Pacific
Which feature forms right after liquid slush develops?
Pancake ice
Ice floes
Pressure ridges
Icebergs
) Deep ocean currents occur in the deep zone below the pycnocline, so they influence about ________ of all ocean water.
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
