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Biology Summer 1 2022 Final Exam

Total questions: 117

Worksheet time: 2hrs 8mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Carbon forms _______ bonds.

a)

Covalent

b)

Ionic

c)

super elastic

d)

blue

2.

Carbon forms bonds with up to ______ other atoms, including other carbon atoms.

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

3.

Many carbon-based molecules are make of many small subunits called _________.

a)

Monomers

b)

Polymers

c)

many mers

d)

Meer cats

4.

__________ are made of many monomers that are bonded together.

a)

a few mers

b)

polymers

c)

monomers

d)

polymonomers

5.

Which of these are examples of Lipids?

a)

simple sugars

b)

complex carbohydrates

c)

fats, oils, & waxes

d)

hair, skin, & nails

6.

Lipids are made of...

a)

CHO

b)

CHON

c)

CHONP

d)

CHONS

7.

Which of the following is a main function of a lipid?

a)

source of quick energy

b)

stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane

c)

transport substances in and out of the cell

d)

stores genetic information

8.
Synthesizes lipids, stores calcium, detoxifies drugs and poisons
a)
Rough ER
b)
Smooth ER
c)
Golgi Apparatus
d)
Peroxisomes
9.
Site of protein synthesis
a)
Ribosome
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Chloroplast
d)
Nucleolus
10.

Which of these is NOT a part of the endomembrane system?

a)

Nuclear membrane

b)

Endoplasmic reticulum

c)

Golgi apparatus

d)

Mitochondria

11.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
12.
Do organisms "decide" to evolve and change?
a)
Yes, they know they need to change to survive 
b)
No, they change because of natural selection
13.
Almost all adaptations started off as?
a)
selective breeding
b)
physiological
c)
structural
d)
mutation
14.

What happens to new traits that HELP organisms survive over time?

a)

They become MORE COMMON

b)

They become LESS COMMON

c)

They are EQUALLY COMMON

15.

Cells spend 90% of their time in this phase

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Anaphase

e)

Telophase

16.

Chromosomes line up along the middle of the cell

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Anaphase

e)

Telophase

17.

DNA replication occurs

a)

Interphase

b)

Prophase

c)

Metaphase

d)

Anaphase

e)

Telophase

18.

Chromosomes consist of DNA and proteins.

a)

True

b)

False

19.

Chromosomes are located in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

a)

True

b)

False

20.

single celled organism that lacks a nucleus

a)

bacteria

b)

cell wall

c)

flagellum

d)

endospore

21.

a process of heating food to a temperature that is high enough to kill most harmful bacterial without changing the taste of the food.

a)

pasteurization

b)

flagellum

c)

endospore

d)

conjugation

22.

Cells that lack membrane bound organelles such a nucleus are called

a)

prokaryotic

b)

eukaryotic

23.

Bacteria are single-celled microscopic organisms

a)

true

b)

false

24.
Long strands of DNA are called
a)
DNA
b)
Chromosome
c)
Alleles
d)
Phenotype
25.

A segment of DNA that has the ability to code for a specific trait.

a)

gene

b)

allele

c)

chromosome

d)

chromatid

26.
Chromosomes are made of
a)
DNA
b)
RNT
c)
WWE
d)
DMA
27.

Humans have _______ pairs of chromosomes, for a total of _______ chromosomes.

a)

10, 20

b)

25, 100

c)

23, 46

d)

46, 92

28.
Deoxyribonucleic acid, a long, complex molecule that controls heredity
a)
inherited trait
b)
chromosome
c)
DNA
d)
pedigree
29.

True or False: DNA is the carrier for genetic information.

a)

True

b)

False

30.
Which of the following systems protects the body from disease?
a)
Digestive System
b)
Nervous System
c)
Immune System
d)
Skeletal System
31.
How do germs enter the body?
a)
From touching a mucous membrane
b)
From not washing your hands
c)
a.  From touching your face
d)
All of the above
32.
Viruses multiply: 
a)
By conjungation
b)
By taking over a cell's functions
c)
By binary fission
d)
Both sexually and asexually
33.
Which pathogen can be cured by antibiotics?
a)
Virus
b)
Bacteria
c)
Protist
d)
Fungi
34.
Any substance that causes an allergy is a(n):
a)
Allergen
b)
Irritant
c)
Virus
d)
Carcinogen
35.
 Like all other body systems, the immune system helps the body maintain homeostasis.  Which statement best describes how the immune system does this?  
a)
it protects other organs and tissues from infection and disease
b)
it breaks down food to provide cells with nutrients
c)
it gathers information through the senses and controls all other body systems
d)
 it transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
36.
Diseases are passed from human to human by these four types of germs: 
a)
Viruses, influenza, HIV, and vaccines
b)
Viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites
c)
Viruses, cancers, mutagens, and DNA
d)
Viruses, blood, pollutants, and symptoms
37.
There are more than one type of blood cell.
True Or False
a)
True
b)
False
38.
What do memory cells do?
a)
Kills the virus
b)
Eats the virus
c)
Patrol the area and make the immune system work faster next time.
d)
Makes antibodies
39.
Which of the following is an example of active immunity?
a)
You get a vaccination
b)
You create antibodies
c)
You get infected
d)
All of these are correct
40.
If two parents are heterozygous for type A blood, what is the probability that their offspring would have type O blood?
a)
100 %
b)
75%
c)
50%
d)
25%
41.
Jim has type AB blood. His dad could be type O.
a)
True
b)
False
42.
What types of blood can a person with AB RECEIVE?
a)
B only
b)
AB, A, B, O
c)
AB and O only
d)
A only
43.
What type of blood is the universal donor?
a)
O
b)
AB
44.
An individual's blood type is determined by
a)
environment
b)
genetics
c)
both environment and genetics
d)
your children's blood type
45.

Which describes the functions of proteins in living things?

a)

structural, transport, signaling, catalysts, etc.

b)

stores and transmits genetic information

c)

stores energy and makes up cell membranes

d)

quick energy and forming cell structure

46.

Proteins are composed of

a)

carbon

b)

hydrogen

c)

nitrogen

d)

phosphorus

47.

All proteins

a)

have a unique structure that determines their unique function.

b)

are exactly the same in function but different in structure.

c)

are exactly the same in structure but different in function.

d)

are enzymes.

48.

The order of amino acids determines the ______ and ultimately the function of a protein.

a)

shape

b)

color

c)

flavor

d)

texture

49.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
c)
Mixed
50.
Which type of cell?
a)
Prokaryote
b)
Eukaryote
51.

Which is true of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

a)

Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

b)

Eukaryotic cells do not have nuclei, and prokaryotic cells do have nuclei.

c)

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, and eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

d)

Eukaryotic cells are simpler than prokaryotic cells.

52.
This type of allele masks the recessive allele and is capital ________________
a)
Dominant
b)
Homozygous
c)
Genotype
d)
Phenotype
53.
What is a phenotype
a)
The genetic make up (code)
b)
The physical trait
54.

What are different forms of a gene called?

a)

Alleles

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Factors

d)

Traits

55.
What allele combination should go in the missing box?
a)
AA
b)
Aa
c)
aa
d)
none of these
56.

If you have immunity to a disease:

a)

It can not enter your body

b)

Your body can fight the disease off before it makes you sick.

c)

The germs change as soon as they enter your body.

d)

You will be able to recover very quickly.

57.

What do antibodies do?

a)

Attach themselves to germs to flag them for destruction.

b)

Engulf and digest germs.

c)

Make your cells impenetrable to germs.

d)

Carry genes from your bloodstream to the outside of your body.

58.

What might happen if your immune system lacked memory cells?

a)

Your body wouldn't be able to fight off diseases.

b)

Diseases would make you sicker than normal.

c)

You might get the same disease over and over.

d)

Your body wouldn't be able to produce antibodies.

59.

A person develops natural immunity.

a)

Before getting sick.

b)

After one dose of a vaccine.

c)

After several doses of a vaccine.

d)

After recovering from an illness.

60.

Unlike germs in nature, the germs used in vaccines:

a)

Don't have antigens

b)

Are weakened or altered

c)

Aren't real germs

d)

Change share frequently

61.

What do measles, smallpox and polio have in common?

a)

They are caused by bacteria.

b)

Vaccines have dramatically reduced the number of people who catch them.

c)

They are constantly changing

d)

They have been wiped out forever.

62.

mRNA vaccines work by

a)

introducing inactivated virus into the body to start an immune response.

b)

having your own cells make a protein from the virus so your immune cells will recognize the virus.

c)

changing the DNA of your cells to protect you from infection from the virus.

d)

using a carrier virus to start an immune response.

63.

The vaccine used to prevent coronavirus infections is a ___________ vaccine that makes __________________ from the virus.

a)

mRNA, DNA

b)

mRNA, spike protein

c)

attenuated, proteins

d)

toxoid, toxins

64.

Sometimes vaccines need boosters to remain effective.

a)

True

b)

False

65.
What gamete possibilities could come from this parent's genotype?
a)
AB, AB, aB, aB
b)
Ab, AB, Ab, ab
c)
Ab, Ab, Ab, Ab
d)
AB, aB, ab, aB
66.

A way to predict genetic probability using two different

sets of alleles on two different chromosomes.

a)

Co-Dominance

b)

Incomplete Dominance

c)

Monohybrid Cross

d)

Dihybrid Cross

67.

What type of cells does meiosis create?

a)

Gametes

b)

body cells

c)

prokaryotic

d)

cancer cells

68.
The cells produced via meiosis are called:
a)
sex cells
b)
somatic cells
c)
body cells
d)
skin cells
69.

How many cells are produced after meiosis 2?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

4

d)

8

70.

What is one of the processes that lead to variety?

a)

Crossing over

b)

dependent assortment

c)

deletion

d)

duplication

71.

Mitosis and Meiosis have some similarities. Check all that are true.

a)

Both have Interphase

b)

Both produce cells

c)

Both end up with the same number of chromosomes compared to the start.

d)

Both make copies of genetic information.

72.

Three truths and a lie.

Meiosis and Mitosis have several differences. Choose the lie.

a)

Meiosis makes sex cells but mitosis does not.

b)

Meiosis makes 4 copies of the genes. Mitosis only makes two.

c)

Meiosis involves far fewer steps than mitosis.

d)

Mitosis is used to duplicate regular cells. Meiosis is not.

73.

Which two processes creates variety in sperm and egg.

a)

Mitosis and meiosis

b)

DNA replication and synapses

c)

Transcription and translation

d)

Crossing over and independent assortment

74.

Cellular Respiration occurs within me and I am in BOTH plant and animal cells. I am a....

a)

Nucleus

b)

Golgi Body

c)

Cytoskeleton

d)

Mitochondria

75.
Controls cell functions because DNA is stored here.
a)
nucleus
b)
nucleolus
c)
ribosome
d)
cholorplast
76.
Supports cells structure & drives cell movement.  Composed of microfilaments, microtubules, & centrioles.
a)
endoplasmic reticulum
b)
golgi apparatus
c)
cytoskeleton
d)
vacuole
77.

True or False:

Chloroplasts are found in both plant and animal cells.

a)

True

b)

False

78.

Which photo shows the mitochondrion of the cell?

a)
b)
c)
d)
79.

Identify the structure that is indicated by the arrow in the image.

a)

cell wall

b)

central vacuole

c)

chloroplast

d)

cell membrane

80.

This organelle is responsible for disposing of waste in the cell.

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Lysosome

81.

Which organelle serves as an internal transport system, and can be either "rough" or "smooth"?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

82.

Which organelle makes proteins?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Chloroplast

c)

Ribosome

d)

Lysosome

83.
What is the name of the genetic material that is inside the nucleus?
a)
ER
b)
ATP
c)
YOLO
d)
DNA
84.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

85.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

86.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

87.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

88.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

89.

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

90.

An example of a nucleic acid is

a)

amino acid

b)

DNA

c)

sugar

d)

wax

91.

What is the function of nucleic acids?

a)

store energy (long-term)

b)

store energy (short-term)

c)

build skin, hair, nails, muscles

d)

store genetic information

92.

Contains DNA & RNA

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Nucleic acids

c)

Proteins

d)

Amino Acids

93.

Nucleic Acids are made of

a)

CHO

b)

CHON

c)

CHONP

d)

CHONS

94.
Which macromolecule is this?
a)
carbohydrate
b)
lipid
c)
protein
d)
nucleic acid
95.

The nucleus of an atom is made up of ___________________.

a)

Protons and Neutrino

b)

Neutrons and Electrons

c)

Protons and Neutrons

d)

Protons and Electrons

96.

What are the building blocks of matter?

a)

Atoms

b)

Protons

c)

Cells

d)

Neutrons

97.

Which subatomic particle has a negative charge in the atom?

a)

proton

b)

neutron

c)

electron

d)

quark

98.

ALL atoms of the same element have:

a)

same number of proton

b)

same number of nucleon

c)

different number of neutron

d)

different number of electron

99.

What are atoms composed of?

a)

Protons and electrons.

b)

Protons, neutrons, and electrons.

c)

Neutrons and electrons.

d)

Ions, elements, and compounds.

100.

What charge does an atom have when it GAINS electrons?

a)

Positive

b)

Negative

c)

Neutral

101.
The following element key shows how many protons?
a)
16
b)
15.999
c)
Oxygen
d)
8
102.

Watch the clip to answer the next few questions.

Are viruses considered to be living? Why or why not?

a)

No because they don't have a nucleus.

b)

Yes, because they have nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

c)

No, because they are not made of cells and they lack the characteristics of life.

d)

Yes, because they are prokaryotic cells.

103.

True or False:

Viruses can be treated with antibiotics.

a)

False

b)

True

104.

TRUE or FALSE:

Viruses are smaller than the hosts they infect.

a)

True

b)

False

105.

Viruses are prokaryotes?

a)

True

b)

False

106.

TRUE or FALSE:

There is a cure for viruses.

a)

False. There are only therapeutic remedies available for viruses.

b)

True. They can be killed with antibiotics.

107.

Viruses require a host to reproduce?

a)

True

b)

False

108.

To understand DNA replication, we need to understand the “why.” Why does DNA need to replicate before cells divide?

a)

So that each cell has a full copy of DNA

b)

So that each cell has half a copy of DNA

c)

So that each cell has a no copies of DNA

d)

So that each cell has a different copies of DNA

109.

What does the enzyme Helicase do?

a)

unzips the 2-strand DNA into single strand

b)

builds a new set of DNA

c)

shows way for Polymerase, creates primer

d)

glues fragments of DNA together

110.

What does the enzyme DNA Polymerase do?

a)

unzips the 2-strand DNA into single strand

b)

builds a new set of DNA

c)

shows way for Polymerase, creates primer

d)

glues fragments of DNA together

111.

What does the enzyme Ligase do?

a)

unzips the 2-strand DNA into single strand

b)

builds a new set of DNA

c)

shows way for Polymerase, creates primer

d)

glues fragments of DNA together

112.

What is going on in this image of the events occurring in DNA replication?

a)

helicase unwinds DNA strands

b)

binds DNA strands

c)

builds the complementary strands

d)

gluing fragments

113.

Which happens first?

a)

make a hypothesis

b)

make a plan

c)

ask a question/make an observation

d)

draw conclusions

114.
During this step of the scientific method, a scientist would gather background information. 
a)
Hypothesis
b)
Research
c)
Observation
d)
Experiment 
115.
Which one is an example of Qualitative Data?
a)
25 Pounds
b)
30 Seconds 
c)
2 Meters
d)
Soft
116.
The independent variable is what you _______ during an experiment.
a)
change
b)
do not change 
c)
measure
d)
count
117.
The dependent variable in an experiment is what you ________________. 
a)
Change
b)
Measure

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