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WorksheetsAUBF- Prelims Exam
Total questions: 110
Worksheet time: 55mins
Urine specific gravity is an index of the ability of the kidney to:
Reabsorb sodium ion concentration
Alter the hydrogen ion concentration
Filter plasma
Concentrate urine
Which of the following is not detected by the reagent strip for ketone bodies?
Acetoacetic acid and acetone
Beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Diacetic acid only
Acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid
Which of the following is a positive result for Guthrie test?
Presence of bacterial growth
Absence of bacterial growth
Red precipitate
Yellow precipitate
False-positive levels of 5-HIAA can be caused by a diet high in:
Carbohydrates
Tomatoes
Meat
Green leafy vegetables
The reason that an albumin: creatinine ratio can be run on a random specimen is:
The reaction is sensitive to any level of albumin
A first morning specimen maybe too concentrated
Albumin corrects for over or under hydration
Creatinine corrects for over or under body hydration
Two different methods are used to assess the presence of glucose in a urine specimen. A reagent test strip yields a negative result, but a positive result is obtained with Benedict+IBk-s test. What is the best explanation for these results?
A non-glucose, reducing substance is present in the urine sample
The urine sample has been contaminated by hypochlorite
The urine sample has been contaminated by peroxide
Benedict+IBk-s test is more sensitive than the strip method
Which of the following is the primary reagent in the Clinitest tablet?
Diazonium salt
. Glucose oxidase
Copper sulfate
Sodium carbonate
A urine specimen that exhibits white foam on being shaken should be suspected of having an increased concentration of
Protein
Bilirubin
Hemoglobin
Nitrite
Which of the following is formed from the reduction of bilirubin by intestinal bacteria?
Nitrite
Ketone Bodies
Urobilin
Urobilinogen
Refractive index compares:
Light velocity in solutions with light velocity in solids
Light scattering by particles in solution
Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions
Light scattering by air with light scattering by solutions
The reagent in the Multistix reaction for urobilinogen is:
Hoesch reagent
Tetramethylbenzidine
A diazonium salt
p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
Concentration of the tubular filtrate by the countercurrent multiplier system depends on all of the following EXCEPT:
Reabsorption of water in the ascending loop of Henle
High salt concentration in the medulla
Reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the ascending loop of Henle
Water-impermeable walls of the ascending loop of Henle
Which of the following is NOT analyzed in urine specimen?
Protoporphyrin
Aminolevulinic acid
Uroporphyrin
Porphobilinogen
What is the primary goal of OSHA?
Provide all employees with day off
Provide all employees with health benefits.
Provide all employees with a safe work environment
Provide all employees with enough salary
What are the two pathologic causes of a clear red urine?
Hematuria and hemoglobinuria
Ketonuria and hematuria
Myoglobinuria and hemoglobinuria
Bilirubinuria and myoglobinuria
The reagent in the Multistix reaction for blood is:
A diazonium salt
Hoesch reagent
Tetramethylbenzidine
p-Dimethylaminobenzaldehyde
Which of the following pairs of metabolic condition and urine odor is correctly matched?
Tyrosinemia- sulfur
Isovaleric acidemia- sweaty feet
Trimethylaminuria- mousy
Phenylketonuria- rotting fish
Which urinalysis reagent strip test will never be reported out as negative?
Nitrite
Urobilinogen
Bilirubin
Protein
In Ferric chloride test, presence of transient blue indicates:
Alkaptonuria
Tyrosinuria
Phenylketonuria
Melanuria
Which following is the CORRECT procedure for Reagent Strip Testing?
Hold the strip horizontally> Start timing once you remove the reagent strip from the urine>Wait for the reading time specified in the product insert>Compare the color of dipped reagent strip with the color chart provided>Report the result
Hold the strip horizontally> Start timing once you remove the reagent strip from the urine>Wait for the reading time specified in the product insert>Compare the color of dipped reagent strip with the color chart provided by the internet >Report the result
Hold the strip vertically> Start timing once you remove the reagent strip from the urine>Wait for the reading time specified in the product insert>Compare the color of dipped reagent strip with the color chart provided>Report the result
The urine submitted by a 60 year old male patient has a specific gravity of 1.028. It contains 3 g/dL protein, and 2 g/dL glucose. What is the correct specific gravity of the urine?
1.028
1.010
1.015
1.011
Which of the following urinary parameters are measured during the course of concentration and dilution tests to assess renal tubular function?
Sodium and osmolality
Urea, nitrogen and creatinine
Osmolality and specific gravity
Sodium and chloride
Which of the following amino acid disorders is an overflow-inherited type?
Cystinuria
Hartnup
Cystinosis
Melanuria
Which of the following color and likely cause is correctly matched?
Blue: homogentisic acid
orange-Pyridium
Straw: urobilin
Brown-black: Bilirubin
The yellow color of urine is primarily due to:
Urochrome
Urobilin
Bilirubin
Uroerythrin
Which of the following would NOT be given to a patient prior to the collection of a midstream clean catch specimen?
Instructions
Iodine cleanse
Sterile container
Antiseptic towelette
Possible cause of glycosuria:
hypoglycemia
increased renal threshold
renal tubular dysfunction
increased GFR
What is Ehrlich's test positive color reaction?
Pinkish to Red
Bloody red
Brick red
Cherry red
Confirmatory test for bilirubin
Acetest
Schwartz-Watson test
Ictotest
Ammonium Blondheim test
What is wrong in the picture?
Inadequate reading time
Incomplete PPE
Wrong orientation of the reagent strip
Wrong orientation of the comparator block
An advantage to using cystatin C to monitor GFR is that cystatin is freely filtered by the glomerulus, not reabsorbed and not secreted by the tubules.
False
True
Presence of leucine crystals in urine correlates with:
MSUD
Alkaptonuria
Cystinuria
Phenylketonuria
Correct screw
Knob
Adjustment knob
Screw
A patient admitted following an accident involving massive crush injuries has the following urine chemistry results: Red brown Clear Sp gr: 1.015 pH: 6.0 protein 1 +- Glucose Negative, Blood Large, Ketones Negative, Nitrite Negative, Leukocytes negative, Bilirubin negative, urobilinogen negative. Which of the following conditions correlates with the result?
urinary tract infection
renal tubular acidosis
myoglobinuria
liver disease
Hurler, Hunter, and Sanfilippo syndromes are hereditary disorders affecting metabolism of:
Tryptophan
Purines
Porphyrins
Mucopolysaccharides
A urinalysis performed on a 2-week-old infant with diarrhea shows a negative reaction with the Glucose oxidase reagent strip. Clinitest should be performed to check the urine sample for presence of:
Galactose
Bilirubin
Ketones
Glucose
Which of the following specific gravity reading correlates with straw urine?
1.005
1.035
1.025
1.015
Excessive lipid metabolism, as is seen in diabetes mellitus, is indicated by the presence in the urine of
Protein
Ketone bodies
Hemoglobin
Glucose
Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) is a test for
Argentaffinoma
Hartnup Disease
Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
Mucopolysaccridoses
A patient's urinalysis revealed negative bilirubin and a 4+- urobilinogen level. These results are associated with:
Biliary obstruction
Hepatic disease
UTI
Hemolytic diseases
Presence of pink in the reagent strip indicates presence of:
Bilirubin
Ketone bodies
Glucose
Nitrite
Variables that are included in the MDRD-IDSM estimated creatinine clearance calculations include:
serum creatinine, urine creatinine, age, sex
Age, weight, sex, serum creatinine
serum creatinine, age, sex, race
Serum creatinine, urine creatinine, Weight, age
The most accurate test to determine renal concentration is
osmolarity
sp gr
tubular reabsorption rate
GFR
Which of the following regulates the final urine concentration by controlling tubular permeability?
antidiuretic hormone
aldosterone
renin
angiotensin
The hormone aldosterone is responsible for:
secretion of chloride
secretion of sodium
reabsorption of potassium
reabsorption of sodium
Which of the following correlates with an increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone?
isosthenuria
Polyuria
Oliguria
Nocturia
Reading time for glucose is
45 seconds
30 seconds
40 seconds
60 seconds
A patient with diabetes insipidus will most likely has:
Concentrated urine with a high sp gr
Dark urine with a high sp gr
Pale urine a low sp gr
Pale urine with a high sp gr
Silver Nitroprusside test detects
Cystinosis
Cystinuria, cystinosis, homocystinuria
Homocystinuria
Cystinuria
What is the principle involved in nitrite test using a reagent strip?
Ehrlich reaction
Pseudoperoxidase reaction
Griess reaction
Peroxidase reaction
For active transport to occur, a chemical must
be in higher concentration in the blood than in the filtrate
combine with a carrier protein to create electrochemical energy
be in higher concentration in the filtrate than in the blood
be filtered through the proximal convoluted tubule
Urine which produces a red or orange -red fluorescence under UV light contains
Porphobilinogen
Bilirubin
Uroporphyrin
Aminolevulinic acid
A urine tested with Clinitest exhibits a pass-through reaction and is diluted by adding 2 drops of urine to 10 drops water. This is a dilution of:
1:8
1:4
1:5
1:6
What are the two enzymes utilized in Double sequential reaction for glucose?
Reductase and Peroxidase
Reductase and Oxidase
Oxidase and Peroxidase
Lactase and Reductase
When employing the Exton method, false positive protein result may occur in the presence of:
Ascorbic acid
Large amounts of glucose
Highly alkaline urine
X ray contrast media
Urine osmolality is related to:
volume
odor
specific gravity
pH
The physician wants to determine if the fluid collected during an abdominal surgery could be urine. The specimen should be tested fo
bacterial culture
protein and glucose
odor and clarity
urea and creatinine
What analyte is being determined by this test?
Ketones
Urobilinogen
Blood
Bilirubin
What are the screening tests for UTI?
pH and ketone bodies
Blood and leukocytes
Nitrite and leukocytes
Bilirubin and urobilinogen
Which of the following components are present in serum but not present in the glomerular filtrate?
amino acids
urea
large molecular weight proteins
large molecular weight proteins
A Watson-Schwartz test is performed on a urine specimen. The following results are seen: In the tube with chloroform, the top layer is red while in the tube with butanol, the bottom layer is red. These results indicate the presence of
urobilinogen and other Ehrlich's reactive substances
porphobilinogen
urobilinogen
porphobilinogen and other Ehrlich's reactive substances
The clarity of a urine sample should be determined:
Before mixing the specimen
Using glass tubes only, never plastic
After thorough mixing of the specimen
Before the specimen cools to room temperature
The test which differentiates urobilinogen and porphobilinogen
Schwartz-Watson test
Ammonium Blondheim test
Acetest
Ictotest
Which of the following is measured to assess glomerular function?
osmolality
pH
specific gravity
creatinine clearance
Metastatic carcinoid tumors arising from the Argentaffin cells of the gastrointestinal tract are characterized by increased excretion of urinary
Serotonin
5-hydroxyindole acetic acid
Homogentisic acid
Indican
Osmolality is a measure of:
Total salt concentration
Molecule size
Undissociated molecules only
Dissolved particles, including ions
Which of the following reagent strip tests can be affected by ascorbic acid, resulting in falsely low or falsenegative results?
Protein, Bilirubin, Glucose, Nitrite, pH
Bilirubin, Urobilinogen, Glucose, Ketone bodies, Leukocytes
Blood, pH, Glucose, Nitrite, Specific gravity
Blood, Bilirubin, Glucose, Nitrite, Leukocytes
Alkaptonuria, a rare hereditary disease, is characterized by the urinary excretion of
Tyrosine
Homogentisic acid
Phenylalanine
5-Hydroxyindole acetic acid
Isosthenuria is a term applied to a series of urine specimens that exhibit a
Specific gravity of exactly 1.000
Fixed specific gravity of approximately 1.010
Specific gravity greater than 1.020
Specific gravity less than 1.007
The purpose of routinely screening DM patients for microalbuminuria is to monitor the development of:
UTI
diabetes insipidus
renal disease
Yeast infection
Which of the following is a function of the kidneys?
regulate acid base balance?
regulate blood pressure
remove waste products of metabolism
All
Which of the following could produce a false-positive reaction with Clinitest?
Alkaptonuria
Porphyrinuria
Cystinuria
Tyrosinuria
A female patient brought a urine specimen to the physician's office for an annual physical exam. The urinalysis results are as follows: Yellow in color, cloudy, specific gravity of 1.020, pH 7, with traces of protein, negative glucose, negative ketones, negative blood, negative bilirubin, negative urobilinogen, positive nitrite, negative leukocytes. What action should be taken?
Ask patient to collect another specimen at the physician office
Place the patient on antibiotics for 7 days.
Tell the patient to return in a week with a new specimen.
Release the results. All the tests are normal
Read the specific gravity.
1.002
1.20
1.021
1.020
The urine sample from a 24-year-old woman is milky, this correlates with:
bilirubinuria
hematuria
pyuria
proteinuria
A urine specimen is analyzed for glucose by reagent strip and Benedicts test. If both results are positive, which of the following interpretations is correct?
Sucrose is NOT present
Lactose is NOT present
Galactose is present
Glucose is present
A 2 year-old child had a positive urine ketone. This would most likely be caused by:
Vomiting
Biliary tract obstruction
Hypoglycemia
Anemia
Urobilinogen is stable in
Neutral urine
Acid urine
Alkaline urine
Any pH of urine
After receiving a 24 hr urine for quantitative total creatinine analysis, the laboratory scientist must first:
Add the appropriate preservative
Dip the strip for albumin
Examine urine color and clarity
Measure the total volume
A brown-black urine would most likely contain:
Porphyrins
Homogentisic acid
Bile pigment
Myoglobin
What may cause a false positive reading in protein testing using a reagent strip?
Vitamin C concentration is greater than 0.5 g per day
Dilute urine
Turbid urine
pH is greater than 8.0
Urine samples should be examined within 2 hours of voiding because:
Urobilinogen increases and bilirubin decreases after prolonged exposure
Bacterial contamination will cause alkalinization of urine
RBCs, leukocytes and casts agglutinate on standing for several hours at room temperature
Ketones will increase due to bacterial and cellular metabolism
What is the required amount of Benedict's reagent in Benedict's test?
2 ml
5 ml
10 ml
8 ml
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is responsible for all of the following except:
Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole
Reabsorption of sodium
Releasing aldosterone
Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole
The discrepancy between the large amount of blood in the reagent strip and the absence of RBCs microscopically is caused by:
Failure to mix urine before centrifugation
Contaminating oxidizing detergents in the container
Presence of ascorbic acid
Presence of myoglobin in the urine
Which of the following is the most sterile specimen?
Suprapubic aspiration
Midstream clean catch
Catheterized
Three- glass
Given the following information, calculate the creatinine clearance: 24-hour urine volume: 720 mL+ serum creatinine: 5.0 mg/dL urine creatinine: 200 mg/dL
70 ml/min
50 ml/min
25 ml/min
20 ml/min
Hartnup disease is a disorder associated with the metabolism of:
Tryptophan
Glycosaminoglycans
Phenylalanine
Cystine
Excess urine on the reagent strip can turn a normal pH result into a falsely acidic pH when which of the following reagents runs into the pH pad?
Tetrabromphenol blue
Glucose oxidase
Citrate buffer
Copper sulfate
Which of the following is a tryptophan disorder?
Cystinuria
Indicanuria
Alkaptonuria
Phenylketonuria
A urine specific gravity measured by refractometer is 1.025, and the temperature of the urine is 10 degrees Celsius. The specific gravity should be reported as:
1.025
1.028
1.022
1.023
Which of the following is NOT done by a collector during urine specimen collection for drug testing?
Perform reagent strip testing
Fill out a chain of custody form
Inspect the specimen color
Read the specimen temp
Which of the following is a source of erroneous results when reagent strips are used?
Dipping the reagent strip briefly into the urine specimen.
Timing using a clock with a second hand
Allowing excess urine to remain on the reagent strip
Testing a refrigerated urine specimen that was brough to room temperature
Which of the following is detected by Obermayer+IBk-s test?
Muccopolysaccharides
Porphyrin
Indican
5 HIAA
A patient collecting a midstream clean-catch specimen voids immediately into the container. How could this affect the clarity and microscopic examination of the specimen?
The specimen becomes turbid because of RBCs and WBCs
The specimen becomes turbid because of bacteria and renal tubular epithelial cells
The specimen becomes turbid because of bacteria and squamous epithelial cells.
There is no effect in the clarity and microscopic results
This test is used to determine what analyte?
Bilirubin
Hemoglobin
Urobilinogen
Ketones
A 20-year-old female decided to go on a starvation diet. After 1 week of starving herself, what substance would most likely be found in her urine?
Protein
Ketones
Blood
Glucose
Which of the following is true about glucose?
it is not freely filtered by the glomerulus
it is present in the urine in small amount
it is passively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules
it is actively reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubules
Which of the following conditions can result in false-positive bilirubin results?
Improper storage of the specimen
Ingestion of ascorbic acid
Exposure to direct light
Ingestion of certain medications
A urine specimen comes to the laboratory eight hours after it is collected. It is acceptable for culture only if the specimen has been stored:
At room temperature
With formalin preservative
Frozen
In the refrigerator at 4-7 degrees Celsius
Which of the following is hyperosmolar?
proximal convoluted tubules
renal cortex
renal medulla
glomerulus
Glucose will be detected in the urine if the:
Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded
Protein is also present
Glomerular membrane is damaged
Blood level of glucose is 100 mg/dL
Which of the following is associated with presence of uric acid crystals in a pediatric urine?
Lesch-Nyhan disease
Melituria
Sanfilippo syndrome
Hurler syndrome
The results of the routine urinalysis are as follows: Dark yellow, hazy, specific gravity of 1.012, pH 7.0, with traces of protein, negative glucose, negative ketones, negative blood, negative bilirubin, normal urobilinogen, negative nitrite, 1+- leukocytes. Microscopic findings show 8 to 12 RBC/HPF, 40 to 50 WBC/HPF, heavy bacteria, and moderate amount of squamous epithelial cells. The following are discrepant findings, EXCEPT.
Nitrite and bacteria
Blood and RBCs
Bilirubin and squamous epithelial cells
Leukocytes and WBCs
hich of the following results show characteristic urine findings from a patient with an obstruction of the bile duct?
A positive test for bilirubin and an increased amount of urobilinogen
A negative test for bilirubin and a decreased amount of urobilinogen
A positive test for bilirubin and a decreased amount of urobilinogen
A negative test for bilirubin and an increased amount of urobilinogen
If the urine has free water clearance of 5.0, it means that it is:
dilute
acidic
concentrated
basic
The urine specimen submitted has 10-15 RBCs per high power field but the result for blood using a reagent strip is negative. The results can be because of
dilute urine
diuretics
high blood pressure medicines
ascorbic acid
The test 2,4 Dinitrophenylhydrazine detects which amino acid disorder?
Phenylketonuria
MSUD
Alkaptonuria
Cystinuria
The principle of the reagent strip test for urobilinogen is the:
Peroxidase reaction
Diazo reaction
Ehrlich reaction
Greiss reaction
Ketonuria in a newborn is an indication of:
cystinuria
alkaptonuria
MSUD
phenylketonuria
