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WorksheetsBiology chapter 2
Total questions: 140
Worksheet time: 6hrs 19mins
Scientists have argued for centuries over the basic characteristics that separate
(a)
There are (a) basic characteristics of life
Each cell is a (a)
What is the barrier that encloses a cell with its living matter?
Cell membrane/ cell wall
organelles
eukaryotes
unicellular
What does the cell wall do?
(a)
The cell membrane/ cell wall causes
protection, support, and semi-permeable for the cell
different organelles to do different things
cells to be diverse
(a) can perform all the functions associated with life
Cell membranes are made up of (a)
What are Lipids? Lipids are ___ made of fatty acid ___
(a)
What are cell walls made up of?
(a)
What are carbs made up of?
Starches, sugars (sugar molecules), and fibers
lipids, hydrogen, and fibers
Starches, carbohydrates, and molecules
Proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Cell walls provide ___ and ___ for the cell/plant
(a)
What does Semi-Permeable mean?
(a)
Different organelles do different (a)
Organelles are remarkably (a)
What are organelles comparable to (a)
Stomach lysosome has (a) that break things apart
Do all organelles have a nucleus?
Yes
No
Does a nucleus contain DNA?
No
Yes
The nucleus is like a brain for the organelle. How?
Pro ( (a) ) Karyotes
Prokaryotes- before a ___ nucleus
true
developed
carbohydrated
Prokaryote organelles DO NOT have a Nucleus
True
False
An example of a prokaryote organelle with no nucleus is
bacteria
virus
plant cell
parasite
Eukaryotes- Eu means ( (a) )
eukaryotes have a (a) nucleus
Examples are eukaryote cells are
human/animal cells
Parasites/viruses
plant cells
Red blood cells have no nucleus allowing them to change shape and move around in the body
True
False
Liver cells have a nucleus
True
False
Unicellular: organisms consiting of only a ___ cell (ie: bacteria)
eukaryote
single
true
prokaryote
Multicellular: organisms consisting of ___ cells (ie: humans)
a single
many
What kind of cells are these?
(a)
The ability to reproduce is ___ if a group is to survive
necessary
important
needed
The goal in reproduction is to ____ genes to next generations
share
pass on
produce
Sexual reproduction: requires that two cells from different individuals unite to produce the first cell of a new organism ( (a) ) not genetically identical to parent to produce seedfruits.
Pollination-sexual reproduction in plants: pollen from the anther fertilizes egg in ___ to produce seedsfruits.
womb
stigma
cell
root
(a) diversity helps organisms survive in changing environments
asexula reproduction: a single organism can reproduce without the aid of another (bacteria (a) ) genetically identical to parent
What is this a picture of?
What is this a picture of?
(a)
All (a) things are capable of growth
All living things increase if ___ and ___ over time...results from cell division and cellular enlargement
(a)
Most living things go through a cycle of change called (a)
developement increases the ___ of an organism
complexity
function
organization
flexibility
Development brings changes in the ___ and ___ of an organism
organization, function
flexibility, function
Organisms experience a process called ___ where bones ___ (more fractures) and muscles lose strength and flexibility.
aging, shrink
development, shrink
complexity, shrink
Death is a process of change that separates ___ and ___ things
(a)
Cells can (a) because they can divide only a limited number of times.
The limit in which cells can divide is because by (a) .
When a cell can no longer divide, it grows (a) , exists for a while, then dies.
The mechanism that limits cell division involves a structure called a (a) .
(a) are used to move the cell's genetic material in preparation for cell division.
Every time a cell divides, the telomeres shorten a bit.
True
False
Eventually, the telomeres become so short that the cell can no longer divide.
True
False
What is this a picture of?
(a)
Cells obtain energy from their surroundings and use it to ___ and ___ (photosynthesis versus respirstion)
(a)
any process in a living things that involves putting together, or synthesizing, complex substances from simpler substances
Anabolism
Catabolism
Metabolism
Anabolism requires (a) to grow and build
Anabolism: Building up- building ___ (puzzle) from ___(puzzle pieces)
(a)
The final breakdown of substances into simpler ones, usually resulting in the release of energy
Anabolism
Catabolism
Metabolism
Catabolism: converting___ (puzzle) to ___ (puzzle pieces)
(a)
The total sum of all chemical reactions in the body
(a)
Cells respond to their environment
True
False
Chromosomes are made of ____ and ____
DNA
Carbs
Protein
Fiber
All living things obtain energy in ___ ways
unusual
similiar
different
consistent
Photosynthesis takes energy (called photons) from the sun converts it into energy in the bonds of glucose (carbs)
True
False
An example of respiration is eating (glucose) + breathing to break the bonds glucose + convert it to ATP
True
False
Dehydration is
adding water
removing H20
putting together monomers
using energy
Synthesis is
Removing water
Putting together monomers
adding water
breaking apart monomers
What are monomers?
a polymer that can be bonded together with an identical polymer to form a molecule
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer
bonds of glucose
ATP
Dehydration synthesis- using more energy
False
True
The removing of water and putting together of monomers creates ATP
True
False
ATP "is the source of energy for us and storage at the cellular level."
False
True
Monomers are like puzzle pieces
False
True
Hydro(h20)lysis(breaking)=
releasing more energy (ATP)
using more energy
bonds
Hydrolysis= adding water to a macro-molecule in order to break it down into simpler substances(monomers)
True
False
Dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are apart of the operation of the metabolism
True
False
Stimulus
refers to an organism's ability to maintain constant or stable conditions that are necessary for life
anything in the environment that causes an organism to react
the ability of living things to react to stimuli
Example of a stimuli are light, temperature, odor, sound, gravity, heat, water, and pressure
False
True
Irritability is the ability of living things to react to stimuli
True
False
Homeostasis
anything in the environment that causes an organism to react
refers to an organism's ability to maintain constant or stable conditions that are necessary for life
the ability of living things to react to stimuli
Homeostasis for example is when our bodies react to extensive heat or cold by trying to sweat, to shiver to bring itself back to it's normal temperature
False
True
feedback loop is a mechanism that will increase perturbation until there is some kind of end result away from homeostasis
True
False
An example of homeostasis is the healing of a wound, chemicals are released that in return release chemicals "platlets" to form a (a) until wound is healed
Biology is
(a)
Biology
the science that seeks to understand how there is night and day
the science that seeks to understand, explain, and even control the living world
the understanding of the scientific method
the science that seeks to understand how to create a technology
Biologist: anyone who uses that scientific method to study living things
True
False
Zoology is the study of
(a)
Botany is the study of
(a)
microbiology is the study of microscopic (a) .
Microscopic organisms are
average size organisms
tiny organisms
undeveloped organisms
What are the two basic kinds of reproduction and what do they mean?
What is the process that separates living and nonliving things?
What is homeostasis?
What is the study of animal behavior
(a)
A molecule is not alive but helps to make living things
True
False
Molecular is the study of the basic chemical units of life
False
True
In a molecular study a biologist might ask
Why is DNA the molecule of life?
How does a tumor grow in the body?
What other molecules do cells make?
Why does a whale have a femur bone?
Cellular is the study of the way cells become cancer cells or how cells divide.
True
False
In a cellular study a biologist might ask
How does a tumor grow in the body?
Why are cells specialized?
Why do we have brain cells, lung cells and how/why are they different?
What other molecules do cells make?
Multicellular (organismal) studies
The change with human animals that tell them when to sleep or eat it how animals changed over time
The basic chemical units of life, such as DNA
The way cells cecome cander cells or how cells divide
A question a biologist might ask when in a mutilcelluar study is "why does a whale have a femur bone?"
True
False
Population is the study of
How populations interact with their environment
How organisms interact with their environment on a global scale
Population is
Many of the same species living in the same environment
Many different species in the same environment
A community is
Many of the same species living together in the same environment
Many different species living together in the same environment
Lantern flies in the temperate forest ecosystem is an example of
Population study
Community study
Global study
None
Birds, bees, squirrels in one area is an example of a
Population study
Global study
Community study
None
Global is the study of
How organisms interact with their environment on a global scale
How many of the same organisms interact with their environment
How different organisms interact in the same environment
None
An example of a global study is how will climate change affect Polar bears all over the world
True
False
What are the five levels that biologist ask questions at?
If I was to ask the question -" What effect does the ozone have on the animals around the world"?- what level is that
Global
Population
Community
Multicellular
If I was to ask the question- "What chemicals are involved in the cellular process of respiration?"- What level is that?
Multicellular
Cellular
Global
Molecular
If I was to ask the question- "How do the trees in the forest affect the birds living there?"- What level is this?
(a)
to study small organisms, biologists use
(a)
Instruments that produce larger-than-life images, pictures, or even videotapes
(a)
Microscope with more than one lens (ocular and objective) that uses light to magnify objects
Compound light microscope
Electron Microscope
Probe microscope
Why is a compound light microscope called a compound light microscope? What is it's total magnification?
point of magnification in a microscope beyond which images become blurry and lose detail
(a)
Use electromagnets to bend streams of electrons to create images
Electron Microscopes
Probe Microscopes
Compound Light Microscopes
The limit of resolution is about 1000 times finer than the compound light microscope
Electron microscopes
Probe Microscopes
Compound light microscope
There are two types of Electron microscopes
True
False
For an electron microscope, samples cannot be held, must be sliced, and cannot see an entire specimen. The specimen cannot be alive, has to be coated with a certain metal.
True
False
Transmission electron microscopes
shines a beam of electrons at a sample and magnifies the image onto a screen
uses a pencil-like beam of electrons that scene back and forth across the surface of a specimen
Scanning electron microscope:
uses a pencil-like beam of electrons that scans back and forth across the surface of a specimen
shines a beam of electrons at a sample and magnifies the image onto a screen
Limitations of Electron microscopes: electron are charged particles and can not penetrate air or thick specimens
True
False
Limitations of electron microscopes: sample must be placed in a vacuum, where all air is removed
False
True
Limitations of Electron Microscopes: samples must be completely dried out (because they are going into a vacuum environment)
False
True
Limitation of Electron Microscopes: living cells can not be observed using an electron microscope
True
False
Do not use lenses, trace the surfaces of a sample with a fine tip known as a probe, and do not require specimens placed in a vacuum. This is
Transmission electron microscopes
Probe Microscope
Electron microscopes
Scanning electron microscopes
parts of a cell are stained so they appear more visible under s microscope
cell cultures
gram staining
centrifugation
micromanipulation
have a thicker cell wall and are not decolorized by a solvent and therefore keep the stain
cell cultures
gram positive= purple
gram negative= pink
have thinner cell walls and so they decolorize by the solvent and do not keep the stain. however, these have an extra Lipopolysaccharide membrane layer on the outside
Gram negative= pink
Gram positive= purple
centrifugation
cell cultures
A spinning technique is used to break apart cells and separate them by weight ( where heavier components go to the bottom of the tube)
Gram staining
Cell Culture
Micromanipulation
Centrifugation
Uses special tolls so small they need a microscope to be seen
Gram staining
Cell cultures
Micromanipulation
Centrifugation
A single cell is placed in a dish with nutrients the cell needs and is allowed to reproduce ( forms "colonies" of cells. colonies of cells are visible to the human eye)
Gram staining
Cell cultures
Micromanipulation
Centrifugation
What is this a picture of?
(a)
This is a petri dish with (a) for the bacteria
These are visual bacterial (a)
This is a picture of Gram (a) = pink
Gram-negative are more dangerous and restricting towards antibiotics
True
False
