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Marine Science Test

Total questions: 113

Worksheet time: 1hrs 13mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Approximately how much of the Earth is covered by water?

a)

37%

b)

75%

c)

52%

d)

19%

2.

How much of the water covering the Earth is in oceans?

a)

29%

b)

48%

c)

64%

d)

97%

3.

Name the term that is defined by the following description: covers the link between oceanography and marine biology; everything from the physics of ocean currents to the communication behavior of marine mammals

a)

biology

b)

marine science

c)

ocean life

d)

chemistry

4.

Which three of the following describe the benefits of marine life on humans?

a)

provides food, medicine, and raw materials

b)

attacks people

c)

spreads disease

d)

produces oxygen we breathe

e)

regulates Earth's climate

5.

All of the following are disadvantages of marine life on humans EXCEPT...

a)

spreads disease

b)

attacks people

c)

regulates Earth's climate

d)

kills organisms we rely upon

e)

erodes walls, piers and other structures

6.

What term is defined by the following description: a body of knowledge and organized method used to gain knowledge about the observable universe?

a)

technology

b)

scientific law

c)

science

d)

scientific theory

7.

What term is defined by the following description: the practical application of knowledge to accomplish a task?

a)

science

b)

technology

c)

scientific theory

d)

scientific law

8.

What term is defined by the following description: satellites used to study large expanses of the ocean surface?

a)

research vessels

b)

remote sensing

c)

sonar

d)

scuba

e)

remotely operated vehicles

9.

What term is defined by the following description: used to study seafloor depths and formations?

a)

remote sensing

b)

scuba

c)

research vessels

d)

sonar

e)

remotely operated vehicles

10.

What term is defined by the following description: used to study the marine environment for longer periods and at depths otherwise unavailable to humans?

a)

scuba

b)

remotely operated vehicles

c)

sonar

d)

remote sensing

e)

research vessels

11.

What term is defined by the following description: allow for direct exploration of the marine environment and at depths otherwise unavailable to humans?

a)

research vessels

b)

remote sensing

c)

scuba

d)

sonar

e)

remotely operated vehicles

12.

What term is defined by the following description: floating laboratories that allow oceanographers and marine biologists to explore?

a)

sonar

b)

remotely operated vehicles

c)

remote sensing

d)

research vessels

e)

scuba

13.

All of the following are qualities of a good scientist EXCEPT...

a)

making observations

b)

fudging results

c)

being curious

d)

being a critical skeptic

e)

being a detective investigator

14.

True or False: Hypotheses can only be proven, never disproven

a)

True

b)

False

15.

True or False: Hypotheses repeatedly tested and not disproven are considered to be true based on available evidence

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Which of the following is the first step of the scientific method?

a)

Interpret and analyze data/results

b)

Test the hypothesis (experiment)

c)

Identify the problem or question

d)

Make a hypothesis (after research)

e)

Report results, procedures and conclusions

17.

Which of the following is the second step of the scientific method?

a)

Make a hypothesis (after research)

b)

Identify the problem or question

c)

Test the hypothesis (experiment)

d)

Report results, procedures, and conclusions

e)

Interpret and analyze data/results

18.

Which of the following is the third step of the scientific method?

a)

Identify the problem or question

b)

Report results, procedures, and conclusions

c)

Make a hypothesis (after research)

d)

Test the hypothesis (experiment)

e)

Interpret and analyze data/results

19.

Which of the following is the fourth step of the scientific method?

a)

Identify the problem or question

b)

Make a hypothesis (after research)

c)

Report results, procedures, and conclusions

d)

Test the hypothesis (experiment)

e)

Interpret and analyze data/results

20.

Which of the following is the fifth step of the scientific method?

a)

Interpret and analyze data/results

b)

Report results, procedures and conclusions

c)

Make a hypothesis (after research)

d)

Test the hypothesis (experiment)

e)

Identify the problem or question

21.

The following equation is to calculate...

(part)(whole)× 100%\frac{\left(part\right)}{\left(whole\right)}\times\ 100\%  

a)

mean

b)

percent change

c)

percent

d)

median

22.

The following equation is used to calculate...

(new value − original value)original value × 100%\frac{\left(new\ value\ -\ original\ value\right)}{original\ value}\ \times\ 100\%  

a)

percent

b)

percent change

c)

mean

d)

median

23.

The following equation is used to calculate...

(total sum of parts)(total number of parts)\frac{\left(total\ sum\ of\ parts\right)}{\left(total\ number\ of\ parts\right)}  

a)

percent change

b)

median

c)

percent

d)

mean

24.

What term is defined by the following description: observations/measurements collected during an experiment?

(Hint: examples include ocean salinity, screen time, population numbers, etc.)

a)

question

b)

data

c)

conclusions

d)

hypothesis

25.

What term is defined by the following description: states whether the prediction was confirmed or not and tries to explain the results?

a)

data

b)

conclusion

c)

variable

d)

hypothesis

26.

What term is defined by the following description: any factor that changes and is used to test compared observations of an experiment?

a)

hypothesis

b)

conclusion

c)

variable

d)

data

27.

True or False: Variables can be quantified by measuring their different values

a)

True

b)

False

28.

True or False: Experiments don't find out relationships between variables

a)

True

b)

False

29.

What term is defined by the following description: what the experimenter changes or enacts in order to do their experiment?

a)

constant

b)

independent variable

c)

confounding variable

d)

dependent variable

e)

control

30.

What term is defined by the following description: what changes when the independent variable changes; depends on its outcome?

a)

dependent variable

b)

constant

c)

independent variable

d)

control

e)

confounding variable

31.

A hypothesis should have the following format:

If _________________, then __________________.

(separate answers by a comma)

(a)  

32.

True or False: A researcher can look at more than one factor at a time.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

What term is defined by the following description: when there are multiple factors and the results cannot be attributed to a single variable; can affect the independent or dependent variable?

a)

control

b)

confounding variables

c)

independent variable

d)

dependent variable

e)

constant

34.

What term is defined by the following description: when only one independent variable is being tested at a time?

a)

control

b)

independent variable

c)

controlled experiment

d)

confounding variable

e)

dependent variable

35.

What term is defined by the following description: a variable that does not change through the entire experiment; a value that remains the same?

a)

dependent variable

b)

control

c)

independent variable

d)

constant

e)

confounding variables

36.

What term is defined by the following description: the group or condition that is used as the basis for comparison for the results of the changes in the independent variable; does not get the test?

a)

confounding variable

b)

control

c)

independent variable

d)

dependent variable

e)

controlled experiment

37.

All of the following are characteristics of an independent variable EXCEPT...

a)

cause

b)

input (test)

c)

what happens/ is measured

d)

what you do

e)

before

38.

All of the following are characteristics of a dependent variable EXCEPT...

a)

Output (data)

b)

what you do

c)

Effect

d)

After (results)

e)

what happens/ is measured

39.

What term is defined by the following description: shows the relationship of the independent and dependent variables?

a)

conclusion

b)

experiment

c)

constant

d)

hypothesis

e)

controlled experiment

40.

True or False: A hypothesis is predictive to show how the change occurred and should be suggestive based on the facts for the question

a)

True

b)

False

41.

True or False: A positive relationship between the variables means that they go in opposite directions

a)

True

b)

False

42.

True or False: A negative relationship between the variables means that they go in opposite directions

a)

True

b)

False

43.

What term is defined by the following description: a hypothesis that has been tested repetitively over time by many people and has not been proven?

a)

scientific theory

b)

theory

c)

scientific law

d)

hypothesis

e)

conclusion

44.

True or False: If there is ample evidence to support the theory, then it is then regarded as true in the scientific community

a)

True

b)

False

45.

True or False: All scientific questions can be answered

a)

True

b)

False

46.

True or False: Science can offer answers on values, feelings, and beliefs

a)

True

b)

False

47.

What term is defined by the following description: describes what nature does under certain conditions and will predict what will happen as long as those conditions are met?

(Hint: they are often mathematically defined and are common in physics and chemistry)

a)

theory

b)

scientific law

c)

scientific theory

d)

conclusion

e)

hypothesis

48.

What term is defined by the following description: explains how nature works?

(Hint: they are often non-mathematical and are common in biology)

a)

scientific law

b)

conclusion

c)

theory

d)

scientific theory

e)

hypothesis

49.

What term is defined by the following description: non-continuous dependent variable and presents data as part of a whole?

a)

histogram

b)

pie graph

c)

scatter plot

d)

line graphs

e)

bar graph

50.

What term is defined by the following description: non-continuous dependent variable, no order to categories on the X-axis, bars that don't touch, and Y-axis is usually a percentage or frequency?

a)

line graph

b)

bar graph

c)

scatter plot

d)

pie graph

e)

histogram

51.

What term is defined by the following description: a specific type of bar graph in which the dependent variable must have a natural order, bars must always touch, and Y-axis is usually a percentage or a frequency?

a)

pie graph

b)

bar graph

c)

histogram

d)

scatter plot

e)

line graph

52.

What term is defined by the following description: dependent variable is continuous, points are plotted using (X, Y), the points are connected because the observations are not independent?

a)

bar graph

b)

line graph

c)

scatter plot

d)

pie graph

e)

histogram

53.

What term is defined by the following description: dependent variable is continuous, points are plotted using (X, Y), the points are not connected because the observations are independent, and a best-fit line shows the relationship?

a)

scatter plot

b)

line graph

c)

pie graph

d)

histogram

e)

bar graph

54.

What term is defined by the following description: describes a relationship between two data sets - positive, negative, or none?

a)

conclusion

b)

hypothesis

c)

correlation

d)

causation

55.

Which of the following is the first step in scaling axes?

a)

divide the range by the number of intervals you want

b)

find the range for the variables (biggest - smallest)

c)

use the rounded number to mark off intervals along the axis

56.

Which of the following is the second step in scaling axes?

a)

divide the range by the number of intervals you want

b)

use the rounded number to mark off intervals along the axis

c)

find the range for the variables (biggest - smallest)

57.

Which of the following is the third step in scaling axes?

a)

divide the range by the number of intervals you want

b)

find the range for the variables (biggest - smallest)

c)

used the rounded number to mark off intervals along the axis

58.

True or False: In order to understand the ocean, how it formed and how it evolved over time doesn't matter

a)

True

b)

False

59.

Which of the following is the largest feature of Earth's surface?

a)

land

b)

ice

c)

ocean

d)

mountains

60.

The origin of Earth is linked to the origin of...

a)

animals

b)

plants

c)

humans

d)

solar systems and galaxies

61.

The Big Bang - the beginning of the universe - happened approximately how many years ago?

a)

17.9 billion

b)

270 million

c)

13.7 billion

d)

26.4 billion

62.

How did the clouds and atmosphere form?

a)

cellular respiration

b)

dinosaur farts

c)

photosynthesis

d)

hot, gooey molten lava cooling and solidifying

63.

All of the mass and energy was concentrated at a __________________ at the beginning of time. This was the moment the ___________________ began.

(separate answers with a comma)

(a)  

64.

True or False: the catalyst of the expansion of the universe is unknown

a)

True

b)

False

65.

What term is defined by the following description: all of the condensed matter in the universe was concentrated in one point and then exploded outward?

a)

the beginning of humans

b)

the Big Bang

c)

the extinction of dinosaurs

d)

the end of the world

66.

True or False: the expansion away from the center of the universe ended a long time ago

a)

True

b)

False

67.

What term is defined by the following description: considered the first observational basis for the expansion of the universe and serves as the most cited evidence in support of the Big Bang model; the more distant bodies moving faster away from us can be observed by the "red shift"?

a)

the extinction of dinosaurs

b)

Hubble's Law

c)

the Big Bang theory

d)

the development of the oceans

68.

What term is defined by the following description: a huge rotating mass of gas, dust stars, and planets held by gravity?

a)

planet

b)

star

c)

galaxy

d)

solar system

69.

Stars are mostly made up of...

a)

hydrogen and oxygen

b)

carbon dioxide and oxygen

c)

hydrogen and carbon dioxide

d)

hydrogen and helium

70.

What term is defined by the following description: formation of planets by the clumping of smaller materials into larger ones?

a)

accretion

b)

photosynthesis

c)

cellular respiration

d)

density stratification

71.

What makes up our solar system?

a)

animals

b)

plants

c)

the Sun and planets

d)

humans

72.

Our Sun and its family of _________ were formed in the spiral of the ____________ galaxy about _________ years ago

(separate answers by commas)

(a)  

73.

___________ of hot gas with outstretched arms larger than the entire ________ from the Sun

(a)  

74.

The sun is powered by...

a)

light

b)

heat

c)

nuclear fusion

d)

the Big Bang

75.

What term is defined by the following description: the welding together of small atoms to make larger ones?

a)

cellular respiration

b)

accretion

c)

photosynthesis

d)

nuclear fusion

76.

What is the first stage in the life of a star?

a)

further shrinkage leads to a star

b)

a nebula (gas cloud) flattens and becomes a protostar

c)

the star depletes itself of hydrogen and explodes in a supernova, which provides matter for new planets

77.

What is the second stage in the life of a star?

a)

further shrinkage leads to a star

b)

a nebula (gas cloud) flattens and becomes a protostar

c)

the star depletes itself of hydrogen and explodes in a supernova, which provides matter for new planets

78.

What is the third stage in the life of a star?

a)

a nebula (gas cloud) flattens and becomes a protostar

b)

the star depletes itself of hydrogen and explodes in a supernova, which provides matter for new planets

c)

further shrinkage leads to a star

79.

What term is defined by the following description: large masses formed by small particles clumping together during accretion?

a)

galaxies

b)

planets

c)

planetesimals

d)

solar systems

80.

Our sun and its family of planets formed in the spiral arm of a galaxy about how many years ago?

a)

3 to 3.5 billion

b)

3.5 to 4 billion

c)

4 to 4.5 billion

d)

4.5 to 5 billion

81.

What term is defined by the following description: gravity pulls the heavier materials to the center, lighter materials remain to the exterior?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

density stratification

c)

cellular respiration

d)

accretion

e)

biosynthesis

82.

The Earth cooled and the atmosphere formed from (a)   (steam) of Earth

83.

Further cooling of the Earth led to _________ of years of _____.

(separate answers with a comma)

(a)  

84.

__________________ carried most of Earth's ______ in the form of ____, which led to the formation of _______.

(separate answers with commas)

(a)  

85.

What was the first step in the formation of water and water vapor on early Earth?

a)

gases including water vapor replaced the atmosphere through outgassing

b)

the Sun stripped away Earth's first atmosphere

c)

water vapor condensed into clouds

d)

the surface eventually cooled enough for big puddles of water to collect in basins

86.

What was the second step in the formation of water and water vapor on early Earth?

a)

the Sun stripped away Earth's first atmosphere

b)

the surface eventually cooled enough for big puddles of water to collect in basins

c)

gases including water vapor replaced the atmosphere through outgassing

d)

water vapor condensed into clouds

87.

What was the third step in the formation of water and water vapor on early Earth?

a)

gases including water vapor replaced the atmosphere through outgassing

b)

the surface eventually cooled enough for big puddles of water to collect in basins

c)

the Sun stripped away Earth's first atmosphere

d)

water vapor condensed into clouds

88.

What was the fourth step in the formation of water and water vapor on early Earth?

a)

the surface eventually cooled enough for big puddles of water to collect in basins

b)

water condensed into clouds

c)

the Sun stripped away Earth's first atmosphere

89.

________ may have delivered most of Earth's surface ______ through _________________ of the Earth that lasted until about ____________ years ago.

(separate answers with commas)

(a)  

90.

Early Earth's atmosphere is ________ because ________ burnt it off

(separate answers with a comma)

(a)  

91.

The biggest _______ on the origin of _____ is that it began in the ______ from the building blocks of ____________

(separate answers with commas)

(a)  

92.

Which term is defined by the following description: theory that life rose from simple organic molecules?

a)

density stratification

b)

biosynthesis

c)

photosynthesis

d)

cellular respiration

e)

accretion

93.

Fossils found suggest life began over how many years ago?

a)

2 billion

b)

3 billion

c)

4 billion

d)

5 billion

94.

Match each possible theory of the origin of life to its explanation

a)

within clay

1.

positively charged clay

b)

ocean's edge with volcanoes

2.

soup/chemical evolution

c)

deep-sea vents

3.

conditions suitable for Archaea

d)

under frozen seas

4.

problematic due to necessary conditions

e)

deep in Earth's crust

5.

byproduct of volcanic activity

95.

What term is defined by the following description: microbial mats of first living cells; a bacteria-like organism that photosynthesized and released oxygen into the atmosphere?

a)

galaxies

b)

planetesimals

c)

stromatolites

d)

heterotrophs

96.

Fossil records indicate that life on Earth originated in the (a)   .

97.

Fossils of _______________ (photosynthetic bacteria) have been dated ___________ years ago.

(separate answers with a comma)

(a)  

98.

(a)   formed on early Earth

99.

What term is defined by the following description: process in which autotrophs transform molecules with low-energy bonds (water and carbon dioxide, inorganic molecules) into sugar molecules (organic molecules) with high-energy bonds?

6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sun′s energy → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O6\ CO_2\ +\ 6\ H_2O\ +\ sun's\ energy\ \rightarrow\ 6\ CO_2\ +\ 6\ H_2O  

a)

cellular respiration

b)

photosynthesis

c)

biosynthesis

d)

density stratification

100.

In photosynthesis with _____________, the autotrophs release free ________ into the ___________ and changed its chemical make-up

(separate answers with commas)

(a)  

101.

Photosynthesis occurs within ____________ called ___________.

(separate answers with a comma)

(a)  

102.

A pigment called __________ uses solar energy to initiate a series of reactions called ______________.

(separate answers with a comma)

(a)  

103.

Light reactions split ______________ into __________ ions ( H+H^+ ), ________ molecules ( O2O_2 ), and small high-energy molecules of ATP and NADPH.

(separate answers with commas)

(a)  

104.

The ____________ reactions link together carbon atoms to form _______.

(separate answers with a comma)

(a)  

105.

The _____________ states there is an ______ number of each ______ on each side of the equation

(a)  

106.

Plants, algae, and cyanobacteria take in ______, absorb ______________, and harness the power of ________ to generate sugar and oxygen.

(separate answers with commas)

(a)  

107.

What term is defined by the following description: opposite of photosynthesis; the energy released is 2/3 of the output from photosynthesis; occurs in all aerobic living things?

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2OC_6H_{12}O_6\ +\ 6O_2\ \rightarrow\ 6CO_2\ +\ 6H_2O  

a)

aerobic cellular respiration

b)

biosynthesis

c)

accretion

d)

density stratification

108.

What term is defined by the following description: organisms that gain energy by feeding on other organisms?

a)

stromatolites

b)

autotrophs

c)

heterotrophs

d)

planetesimals

109.

The ___________ era was ____________ ago when advanced life forms evolved. Most life were all _______ organisms, but then about ____ went extinct __________ ago in the _________ mass extinction.

(separate answers with commas)

(a)  

110.

Trilobite fossils date back how many years ago?

a)

220 million

b)

225 million

c)

230 million

d)

235 million

111.

Our Sun will begin to die in how many years?

a)

3 billion

b)

4 billion

c)

5 billion

d)

6 billion

112.

The Sun will enter the red giant phase and engulf the inner planets in how many years?

a)

5 billion

b)

6 billion

c)

7 billion

d)

8 billion

113.

Design a laboratory-based experiment to test the effect of light exposure on plant growth. [8]

4 lines

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