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Stage 1 Biology Semester 2 Revision

Total questions: 164

Worksheet time: 2hrs 9mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is cell differentiation?
a)
Process by which cells produce more cells
b)
Process by which cells become specialized
c)
Process by which cells become unspecialized
d)
Process by which cells die
2.
Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?
a)
Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart. 
b)
Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells. 
c)
Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells. 
d)
A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells. 
3.

Which RNA type is the result of transcription?

a)

tRNA

b)

Non-coding RNA

c)

rRNA

d)

mRNA

4.

What is Transcription?

a)

The making DNA segment.from mRNA.

b)

The making of an RNA strand into a protein.

c)

The making of an mRNA strand from the DNA template.

5.
The mRNA leaves the ________ to find the ribosome to make proteins.
a)
cell
b)
nucleotide
c)
nucleus
6.

Why must transcription occur in the nucleus?

a)

because DNA can't leave the nucleus

b)

because ribosomes are in the nucleus

c)

because DNA polymerase is found there

d)

because helicase unzips the DNA

7.

How are DNA and RNA different? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Only DNA can leave the nucleus

b)

RNA contains Thymine; DNA contains Uracil

c)

DNA is double stranded, RNA is a single stranded

d)

DNA contains Thymine, RNA contains Uracil

8.

Choose the sequence of the mRNA strand that would match up with to the following DNA strand:

GTACAT

a)

CATGTA

b)

GAUCUA

c)

CAUGUA

d)

CUTGTU

9.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)

DNA

10.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

11.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
12.

Which process does this diagram illustrate?

a)

transcription

b)

DNA replication

c)

translation

13.

Translation takes place in the

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

14.

Transcription take place in the

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Cell Membrane

c)

Nucleus

d)

Ribosome

15.

A chain of amino acids is called

a)

Polymer chain

b)

Polypeptide Chain

c)

RNA chain

d)

Protein Synthsis Chain

16.

A specialized cell (like this nerve cell) is a cell that has ...

a)

the ability to divide

b)

a specific role to do

c)

no specific function in the bod

17.

Different tissues work together to form

a)

Tissue

b)

Cells

c)

Organs

d)

Organ systems

18.

A lot of cells of the same kind join together to form-

a)

Tissue

b)

Cells

c)

Organs

d)

Organ systems

19.

Identify the correct order.

a)

cells < organs < organs < systems

b)

tissues < cells < organs < systems

c)

cells < tissues < organs < systems

d)

cells < tissues < systems < organs

20.
The leaf has a shiny, waxy cuticle around it to
a)
increase the rate of photosynthesis
b)
attract more light
c)
control water loss
d)
stop carbon dioxide and oxygen gases escaping
21.
Most of the chloroplast cells are found in the
a)
upper epidermis
b)
pallisade mesophyll layer
c)
lower epidermis
d)
stomata
22.
The water needed for photosynthesis comes into the leaves through the
a)
upper epidermis
b)
stomata
c)
guard cells
d)
xylem cells
23.
The important gases, carbon dioxide and oxygen, enter and leave the leaf through the
a)
upper epidermis
b)
phloem
c)
stomata
d)
guard cells
24.
The reactants needed for photosynthesis to occur are:
a)
carbon dioxide & water
b)
carbon dioxide & oxygen
c)
oxygen & water
d)
carbon dioxide, oxygen & water
25.
The role of the guard cell is to
a)
help control the temperature of the plant
b)
control how much water enters the leaf
c)
control how much glucose is stored
d)
control the movement of water vapour & gases 
26.
Water & soluble nutrients move through the plant in 
a)
the phloem cells
b)
the xylem cells
c)
the root hair cells
d)
palisade mesophyll layer
27.
Sugar and the products of photosynthesis move through the plant in 
a)
the phloem cells
b)
the xylem cells
c)
the root hair cells
d)
palisade mesophyll layer
28.

Identify structure 1 in the diagram.

a)

Spongy mesophyll

b)

Vascular bundle

c)

Waxy cuticle

d)

Palisade mesophyll

29.

Identify structure 2 in the diagram.

a)

Stomata

b)

Upper epidermis

c)

Vascular bundle

d)

Xylem

30.

Identify structure 3 in the diagram

a)

Waxy cuticle

b)

Palisade mesophyll

c)

Upper epidermis

d)

Guard cell

31.

Identify structure 4 in the diagram.

a)

Spongy mesophyll

b)

Guard cell

c)

Phloem

d)

Palisade mesophyll

32.

Identify structure 5 in the diagram.

a)

Vascular bundle

b)

Phloem

c)

Palisade mesophyll

d)

Lower epidermis

33.

Identify structure 7 in the diagram.

a)

Guard cell

b)

Phloem

c)

Stomata

d)

Upper epidermis

34.

Recall the main role of the specialised plant cell below.

Palisade cells

a)

Absorb water/mineral

b)

Open/close stomata

c)

Photosynthesis

35.

Recall the main role of the specialised plant cell below.

Root hair cells

a)

Open/close stomata

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Absorb water/minerals

36.

Recall the main role of the specialised plant cell below.

Guard cells

a)

Absorb water/mineral

b)

Open/close stomata

c)

Photosynthesis

37.

Digestion begins in the ________.

a)

stomach

b)

large intestine

c)

mouth

d)

small intestine

38.

The organ which secretes bile for fat digestion is the ___________.

a)

liver

b)

pancreas

c)

small intestine

d)

stomach

39.

Most of the absorption takes place in the ___________.

a)

rectum

b)

large intestine

c)

small intestine

d)

esophagus

40.

The fingerlike projections in the small intestine which increase surface area and absorption are called ______.

a)

Bowman's capsule

b)

tubules

c)

vili

d)

Golgi bodies

41.

A muscular tube which creates peristaltic waves to carry swallowed food from the throat to the stomach

a)

stomach

b)

gall bladder

c)

colon

d)

esophagus

42.

Muscular organ which churns food and secretes enzymes and acids for food digestion

a)

colon

b)

stomach

c)

liver

d)

esophagus

43.

Hollow tract where chemical digestion continues and nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream

a)

large intestine

b)

pancreas

c)

stomach

d)

small intestine

44.

Storage sac for bile located on the lower surface of the liver

a)

esophagus

b)

salivary glands

c)

colon

d)

gall bladder

45.

The final section of the large intestine which eliminates waste material from the body.

a)

rectum

b)

colon

c)

small intestine

d)

esophagus

46.

Which one is an organ found in the digestive system?

a)

Lungs

b)

Kidneys

c)

Pancreas

d)

Heart

47.

What part of the digestive system is highlighted?

a)

Anus

b)

Appendix

c)

Gall Bladder

d)

Pancreas

48.

What part of the digestive system is highlighted?

a)

Esophagus

b)

Appendix

c)

Small Intestine

d)

Stomach

49.

What part of the digestive system is highlighted?

a)

Gall Bladder

b)

Small intestine

c)

Pancreas

d)

Liver

50.

What part of the digestive system is highlighted?

a)

Small intestine

b)

Large intestine

c)

Stomach

d)

Liver

51.

What part of the digestive system is highlighted?

a)

Stomach

b)

Pancreas

c)

Liver

d)

Gall bladder

52.

What part of the digestive system is highlighted?

a)

Esophagus

b)

Stomach

c)

Salivary glands

d)

Mouth

53.
What is the main function of the urinary system?
a)

Keep your body hydrated

b)
Expelling water from your body
c)

Removing waste from your body

d)
Removing solid wastes from your body
54.
Which is NOT an organ of the urinary system?
a)
kidney
b)
bladder
c)
ureter
d)
liver
55.

Blood being pumped to the kidneys and then filtered by neurons is an example of which two systems working together?

a)

circulatory and muscular

b)

excretory and circulatory

c)

nervous and excretory

d)

nervous and muscular

56.
Urine production takes place in the:
a)
nephrons
b)
bladder
c)
ureter
d)
renal pelvis
57.
Which are the tubes that carry urine from the kidney to the bladder?
a)
Adrenal tubes
b)
Kidneys
c)
Ureters
d)
Urethras
58.
The _________ is/are responsible for urine storage.
a)
Bladder
b)
Kidneys
c)
Ureter
d)
Urethra
59.
The major organ of the urinary system is the
a)
Gallbladder
b)
Ureter
c)
Kidney
d)
Nephrons
60.
Before the kidney filter it out, where does urea exist?
a)
In your intestines
b)
In your liver
c)
In your stomach
d)
In your bloodstream
61.
What word describes the function of the nephrons?
a)
Tube
b)
Passageway
c)
Filter
d)
Reservoir
62.

Which of the following is NOT filtered out of the glomerular capillaries?

a)

Urea

b)

Water

c)

Glucose

d)

Blood cell

63.
What is #4?
a)
Kidney
b)
Ureter
c)
Bladder
d)
Urethra
64.

Which area of the brain contains the receptors responsible for detecting changes in water potential

a)

Hypothalamus

b)

Medulla Oblongata

c)

Amygdala

d)

Hippocampus

65.
Fluid normally found inside the Bowman's capsule is called?
a)
blood
b)
plasma
c)
urine
d)
Glomerular filtrate
66.

Recall where in the nephron reabsorption of glucose occurs.

a)

Loop on Henle

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Proximal convoluted tubule

d)

Distal convoluted tubule

67.

Structure C is known as the...

a)

PCT

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Glomerulus

d)

DCT

68.

Name Structure B

a)

Bowmans Capsule

b)

Loop of Henle

c)

proximal Convoluted tubule

d)

Collecting duct

69.

Name structure D

a)

Glomerulus

b)

Bowmans Capsule

c)

Collecting duct

d)

Loop of Henle

70.

Name structure E

a)

Glomerulus

b)

Collecting Duct

c)

Loop of henle

d)

Distal convoluted tubule

71.

Structure C is known as the...

a)

PCT

b)

Bowman's capsule

c)

Glomerulus

d)

DCT

72.

Which of the following is the main function of the respiratory system?

a)

Obtains oxygen and remove carbon dioxide from the body

b)

Transports oxygen and nutrients to the body cells

c)

Protects the body from invading organisms

73.

What is the anatomically correct name of the windpipe?

a)

Pharynx

b)

Larynx

c)

Trachea

74.

Which of the following is the function of alveoli in respiration?

a)

Helping the lungs to stay inflated

b)

Gaseous exchange

c)

Relaxation

75.

Ventilation (breathing) is a regular, rhythmic process which:

a)

moves air into and out of the lungs

b)

protects the airways by clearing them of mucus or irritants

c)

moves gases from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

76.

Microscopic sacs where gas exchange takes place; are called:

a)

alveoli

b)

bronchi

c)

villi

77.
The trachea branches off into two:
a)
Alveoli
b)
Bronchi
c)
Bronchioles
78.
Another name for the throat is called the:
a)
Nasopharynx
b)
Pharynx
c)
Larynx
79.

A small flap of tissue that covers the trachea when swallowing is called the

a)

bronchi

b)

larynx

c)

pharynx

d)

epiglottis

80.

When you exhale, the diaphragm

a)

moves upwards

b)

moves downwards

c)

flattens

d)

none of the above

81.

What is labeled at E?

a)

bronchi

b)

trachea

c)

pharynx

d)

none of the above

82.
What are the tiny air sacs at the end of the Bronchioles, that transfer oxygen into the blood stream?
a)
Trachea
b)
Bronchi
c)
Alveoli
d)
Larynx
83.
The Bronchi branch out into many different smaller tubes which take oxygen to the alveoli. What are these tiny tubes called?
a)
Trachea
b)
Larynx
c)
Pharynx
d)
Bronchioles
84.
What are the lungs getting rid of when you exhale?
a)
Air
b)
Oxygen
c)
Carbon Dioxide
d)
Nitrogen
85.

a species that is critical to the success of an ecosystem

a)

predator species

b)

parasitism

c)

carrying capacity

d)

keystone species

86.

the number of different types of species in an ecosystem

a)

richness

b)

evenness

c)

hot spot

d)

biodiversity

87.

a species that exist in one area and nowhere else in the world is called

a)

hot spot species

b)

epistatic species

c)

endemic species

d)

predation species

88.

two types of ecological disturbance are

a)

animals and plants

b)

abiotic and biotic

c)

natural and human-caused

d)

weather and climate

89.

sequence of biotic changes that restore/rebuild a damaged community

a)

pioneer species

b)

succession

c)

richness

d)

evenness

90.

first time establishment and development of life in an area that previously had 0 species

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

c)

finale succession

91.

the first species of an area that previously had 0 species

a)

fresh species

b)

resilient species

c)

keystone species

d)

pioneer species

92.

regrowth of species from the soil after a disturbance

a)

primary succession

b)

secondary succession

c)

finale succession

d)

keystone species

93.

Biotic factors are...

a)

living things

b)

non-living things

c)

undead things

94.

Abiotic factors are...

a)

living things

b)

non-living things

c)

undead things

95.

Some examples of biotic factors would be

a)

trees

b)

insects

c)

bacteria

d)

all of the above

96.

Which of these is NOT an abiotic factor?

a)

water

b)

temperature

c)

grass

d)

soil

97.

The Edwards Plateau in Texas is home to armadillos, white tail deer, squirrels, and the blind salamander. What level of organization is described?

a)

population

b)

organism

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

98.

How are deer and wolves classified?

a)

as decomposers

b)

as consumers

c)

as carnivores

d)

as producers

99.

A student observes a small pond and notices green algae on the rocks. What is the role of algae in the pond ecosystem?

a)

producer

b)

consumer

c)

omnivore

d)

decomposer

100.

In a food chain, foxes consume rabbits and mice. If the mouse population suddenly decreases but the rabbit population stays the same, what could happen to the number of foxes?

a)

The number of foxes could decrease because they will eat fewer rabbits.

b)

The number of foxes could increase because they will only have rabbits to eat.

c)

The number of foxes could increase because they will compete less for available food.

d)

The number of foxes could decrease because they will compete more for available food.

101.

Which best describes the role of a producer in an ecosystem?

a)

A producer supplies energy for the consumers in the ecosystem.

b)

A producer supplies oxygen for the consumers in the ecosystem.

c)

A producer supplies water for the consumers in the ecosystem.

d)

A producer supplies light for the consumers in the ecosystem.

102.

Primary consumers get their energy from the sun.

a)

True

b)

False

103.

Which shows the trophic levels in order?

a)

Primary Consumer,

Producer,

Tertiary Consumer,

Secondary Consumer

b)

Producer,

Primary Consumer,

Secondary Consumer,

Tertiary Consumer

104.

What is a food web?

a)

A web made out of food

b)

a system of interlocking and interdependent food chains.

c)

The food an animal likes to eat.

105.

Which food chain correctly describes the flow of energy in an ecosystem?

a)

Grass>Cow>Human

b)

Caterpillar>Leaf>Human

c)

Cow>Grass>Human

d)

Leaf>Bird>Caterpillar

106.
Is sunlight an abiotic or biotic factor? 
a)
abiotic
b)
biotic
107.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

108.

A species that helps to manage prey populations, which in turn controls the ecosystem's producers (vegetation).

a)

predator

b)

keystone

c)

engineer

d)

mutualist

109.

Two or more species that engage in mutually beneficial interactions.

a)

mutualists

b)

engineers

c)

invasives

d)

predators

110.

In which type of symbiotic relationship do both species benefit?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

111.

In which type of symbiotic relationship does one species benefit while the other species is unaffected?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

112.

In which type of symbiotic relationship does one species benefit while the other species is harmed?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

113.

In which type of symbiotic relationship does the predator eat it's prey?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

114.

A certain species of bird follows cows through a pasture and eats insects that cows stir up. The cows are not affected. Which type of symbiotic relationship is described?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

115.

A shrimp is warned of danger by a fish and the fish gets a home dug by the shrimp. Which type of symbiotic relationship is this?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

116.

A bear hunts for a fish down by the river and captures one. Which type of symbiotic relationship is described?

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Predation

117.

If the hawk population decreases, what will happen to the snakes and rabbits?

a)

Snakes and rabbits will increase

b)

Snakes and rabbits will decrease

c)

Snakes will decrease, rabbits will increase

d)

Snakes will increase, rabbits will decrease

118.

What will happen if the snake population is DOUBLED?

a)

The other populations will increase too

b)

The other populations will decrease

c)

Rabbits and hawks will decrease, grass will increase

d)

Grass and hawks will increase, rabbits will decrease

119.

The grass is on which trophic level?

a)

1st

b)

2nd

c)

3rd

d)

4th

120.

The snake is what type of consumer?

a)

Primary

b)

Secondary

c)

Tertiary

121.

The rabbit is what type of consumer?

a)

Herbivore

b)

Omnivore

c)

Carnivore

122.

Which group of organisms accounts for the largest percentage of all global biomass?

a)

plants

b)

animals

c)

bacteria

d)

fungi

123.

Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotroph

a)

bacteria

b)

protist

c)

animal

d)

plant

124.

which two taxons are used to give an organism their scientific name?

a)

kingdom/phylum

b)

phylum/class

c)

genus/species

d)

kingdom/species

125.

which domain contains eukaryotic organisms?

a)

eukarya

b)

bacteria

c)

archaea

126.

which domain DOES NOT contain prokaryotic cells?

a)

eukarya

b)

bacteria

c)

archaea

127.

What is the name of B?

a)

obsidian

b)

slate

c)

gneiss

d)

granite

128.
Mosquito  belongs to what kingdom?
a)
Animal Kingdom
b)
Plant Kingdom
c)
Fungi Kingdom
d)
Protista Kingdom
129.
The 8 levels of classification, most broad to most specific.
a)
Domain, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom, Species
b)
Domain, Species, Kingdom, Genus, Phylum, Family, Class, Order
c)
Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
d)
Order, Kingdom, Species, Domain, Phylum, Family, Class, Genus
130.
Who first proposed binomial nomenclature as a way of classifying organisms?
a)
Carl Linnaeus
b)
Carl's Jr.
c)
Charles Darwin
d)
Henry Groseclose
131.
The science of describing, classifying, and naming living things is called:
a)
Geology
b)
Biology
c)
Taxonomy
d)
Chemistry
132.

Organisms in this smallest taxonomic group share many characteristics.

a)

domain

b)

kingdom

c)

species

d)

class

133.
The most general in the order of classification is?
a)
Kingdom 
b)
Phylum 
c)
Class 
d)
Order
134.
The most specific of the classifications is?
a)
class 
b)
order 
c)
genus 
d)
species
135.
The 2 kingdoms that make up Prokaryotes are?
a)
Animals and Plants 
b)
Protists and Fungi
c)
Archea and Bacteria
136.
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, _______
a)
Family 
b)
Order
c)
Genus 
d)
Species
137.
The colors & patterns on a turtles shell help it blend in with the forest floor.  This is:
a)
hibernation.
b)
behavior.
c)
migration.
d)
camouflage.
138.

Both plants and animals will benefit from adaptations to improve their chances to survive.

a)

True

b)

False

139.

What type of adaptation affects how an organism acts?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Physiological

c)

Structural

140.

What type of adaptation affects a physical aspect of organism?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Physiological

c)

Structural

141.

What type of adaptation affects body chemistry and metabolism?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Physiological

c)

Structural

142.
a)

Physiological

b)

Structural

c)

Behavioral

143.
a)

Physiological

b)

Structural

c)

Behavioral

144.
a)

Physiological

b)

Structural

c)

Behavioral

145.
a)

Physiological

b)

Structural

c)

Behavioral

146.
a)

Physiological

b)

Structural

c)

Behavioral

147.
a)

Physiological

b)

Structural

c)

Behavioral

148.
a)

Physiological

b)

Structural

c)

Behavioral

149.
The seasonal movement of an organism from one place to another
a)
camouflage
b)
migration
c)
hibernation
d)
function
150.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
151.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
152.
After a forest fire, an ecosystem would start regrowth through -
a)
primary succession
b)
secondary succession
c)
climax community
d)
limiting factors
153.
succession that occurs in an area with no soil
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
154.

Breaking News! A new island has formed off of Hawaii! What must occur for it to become an ecosystem?

a)

Secondary Succession

b)

Aquatic succession

c)

Primary Succession

d)

Ferns must grow

155.
How do lichens contribute to primary succession?
a)
Lichens decompose organic matter from animals and plants
b)
Lichens begin to break down rock to form soil
c)
Lichens are nitrogen fixing bacteria
d)
Lichens convert carbohydrates into fossil fuels.
156.

The picture shows what type of succession?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

quadanary

157.
What is the name given to lichen or algae after a primary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
volunteer species
c)
founder species
d)
conqueror species
158.

After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?

a)

Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees

b)

Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses

c)

Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees

d)

Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees

159.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
ecological succession
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
160.
Final illustration (#8) shows
a)
pioneer species
b)
climax community
c)
only biotic factors
d)
only abiotic factors
161.

The picture displays which type of succession?

a)

primary

b)

secondary

c)

tertiary

d)

all of the above

162.

The final stage of ecological succession can typically be observed when evidence of a _____________________ is present.

a)

Mature Tree Growth

b)

Climax Community

c)

Pioneer Community

d)

housing community

163.

Which of the following is NOT a possible result of decreasing biodiversity?

a)

increased ecosystem stability

b)

extinctions

c)

loss of natural resources

d)

loss of potential foods & medicines

164.

Which of the following results when levels of CO2 in the atmosphere increase due to the burning of fossil fuels?

a)

ecological succession

b)

acid rain

c)

ozone depletion

d)

global warming