According to the kinetic particle theory, atoms and molecules move faster when they are at _______ temperatures.

In which state of matter are the atoms/molecules the most spread out?

How many electrons can fit in the first shell of an atom?

How many electrons can fit in the second shell of an atom?

What is the chemical formula for water?

Which elements are in water?

What type of bonding exists between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a molecule of water.

The bonds in a water molecule are formed from sharing electrons.

What is the chemical formula for table salt?

What type of bonding occurs in salts like NaCl?

What is the charge on a sodium ion?

What is the charge on a chloride ion?

What type of bonding occurs between the oxygen of one water molecule and the hydrogen of another water molecule.

Which end of the water molecule has a slightly positive charge?

Salt dissolves easier in _____ water.

Salinity is measured in _______.

What is the "part" in parts per thousand (ppt)

What is the average salinity of ocean water?

Which of the following will RAISE the salinity of seawater?

What do they call a solution with a salinity of over 40 ppt?

A halocline is a layer of water below the surface layer where a rapid change in _______________________ occurs.

What is the pH of pure water?

When carbon dioxide mixes with water, what is formed?

Carbon dioxide is very soluble in water.

Oxygen is very soluble in water.

Which type of water can hold the most oxygen?

High atmospheric pressure causes _________ gas to dissolve in the ocean.

The deeper you go in the ocean, the more pressure and the _______ gases can be dissolved.

Why is there more oxygen at the surface compared to the lower layers?

Photosynthesis, respiration and decomposition all occur at the surface. Which one CANNOT occur at deeper depths?

The oxygen minimum layer is right below the surface layer.

Why is there more oxygen in the deeper layers compared to the oxygen minimum layer?

Density equals:

Density is affected by all BUT...

Ice is more dense than water?

Thermal insulation and habitats for polar bears, penguins and algae/phytoplankton are benefits of what?

Which type(s) of water sink due to higher densities?

Where on earth is there no thermocline?

Why is the water in the tropics more salty at the surface?

The outermost layer of the Earth is called the MANTLE.

At these boundaries, plates collide and the more dense plate is

pushed (subducted) under the other.

Seafloor spreading happens at these boundaries.

What was the name given to the land mass that contained all of the continents together?

Which of the following supports the theory of Continental Drift?

What causes the plates to move?

Which type of plate boundary occurs when two plates slide past each other?

Which type of plate boundary causes mid-ocean ridges to form?

What country does the Mid-Atlantic Ridge pass through?

What type of boundary forms deep ocean trenches?

When two plates collide and the more dense one goes under the less dense one, this is called...

What is usually found alongside a trench?

Where do you find hydrothermal vents?

Paleomagnetic stripes on the ocean floor near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were caused by...

What type of tectonic activity occurs at transform boundaries?

What can cause a tsunami?

What heats the water in hydrothermal vents?

How do the organisms at hydrothermal vents get food?

The breaking down of a material into smaller pieces of sediment in situ (in its location) through long term exposure is:

The removal of material and transportation away from its location over a period of time is:

This type of weathering occurs when the chemical composition of rocks changes through exposure to water or oxygen.

This type of weathering occurs when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces with no chemical change.

Which type of weathering occurs when living organisms such as lichens, limpets and urchins break down rock?

Which type of erosion involves glaciers crushing rock below and carrying sediment as they move across land?

What type of erosion occurs when a natural arch crumbles and falls into the ocean?

What type of erosion occurs when Saharan dust is carried as far west as the Gulf of Mexico?

What type of erosion occurs when storm waves erode a coast or rivers carry sediment downstream?

The deposition (or delivery) of particles to a new location is called:

Which type of shore has high levels of erosion and low levels of sedimentation?

For sandy shores, the rate of erosion is _____________ the rate of deposition.

The periodic rise and fall of the ocean’s surface is called:

What causes the tides?

How is the tidal range calculated?

When the Moon is full or there is a new Moon, what type of tides are occurring?

During NEAP tides, the Sun and the Moon are...

Which type of tides causes the greatest tidal range?

What kind of currents are caused by wind?

What causes vertical currents?

The large spiral currents that occur in the major ocean basins are called ______________.

What is the name of the cold ocean current that flows north along the west coast of South America?

What is it called when cold, nutrient-rich water comes to the surface?

What causes upwelling?

Thermohaline circulation is due to:

What starts the Global Conveyor Belt?

What causes El Nino conditions?

What is the result of the reduced upwelling in Peru?

A single member of a species is called:

A group of different species that live and interact together are called:

A group of the same species (can mate and reproduce) are called:

The community of organisms plus their abiotic surroundings is called:

A relationship between two organisms of different species living in close proximity to each other, with one of them spending all or some of their time on or inside the other is called: 

When considering the relationship between a dog and fleas, which one is the symbiont?

Which type of symbiosis occurs when both organisms benefit?

Which type of symbiosis occurs when one organism benefits and the other one is harmed?

Which of the following is an example of a commensal relationship?

The boxer crab and the anemones are an example of:

When a symbiont attaches to a host specifically in order to travel, this is called:

The tongue eating louse is an example of:

Clownfish and anemones are an example of:

Why is this picture scientifically incorrect?