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2023 Midterm Review

Total questions: 126

Worksheet time: 1hrs 27mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Neither allele is dominant so there is a blending of traits. Example: Cross a red flower with a white flower and the colors blend to make a pink flower.

a)

Polygenic traits

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

codominance

d)

multiple alleles

2.

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype. Crossing a Black chicken and a White chicken, you get a speckled chicken

a)

polygenic traits

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

codominance

d)

multiple alleles

3.

Having 2 or more alleles for the same trait. Example: A single gene with 4 different alleles coat color in rabbits

a)

polygenic traits

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

codominance

d)

multiple alleles

4.

A trait that is controlled by one or more genes. Ex: skin color, eye color

a)

polygenetic traits

b)

incomplete dominance

c)

codominance

d)

multiple alleles

5.

a distinct form of a gene

a)

Gene

b)

Allele

c)

Trait

d)

Hybrid

6.

Describes organisms that have 2 identical alleles. Example: BB, bb

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

gametes

d)

gene

7.

Describes organisms that have different alleles for the same gene. Example: Bb

a)

homozygous

b)

heterozygous

c)

gametes

d)

gene

8.

A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes (2n)

a)

diploid

b)

haploid

c)

gametes

d)

linked genes

9.

Cells that have 1 copy of the chromosomes (n)

a)

diploid

b)

haploid

c)

gametes

d)

linked genes

10.

Genes that are located on the same chromosome.

a)

Gametes

b)

Crossing-over

c)

Linked genes

d)

Gene maps

11.

Process in which chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.

a)

Gametes

b)

Crossing-over

c)

Linked genes

d)

Gene maps

12.

Sex cell

a)

Gametes

b)

Crossing-over

c)

Linked genes

d)

Gene maps

13.

Process in which gametes are produced

a)

mitosis

b)

meiosis

c)

crossing-over

d)

replication

14.

T - tall and t = short

In the Punnett square, what belongs in the missing square?

a)

tt

b)

Tt

c)

TT

15.

In plants, tall (T) is dominant to short (t). Perform the following cross: Tt x Tt. What is the probability of producing a short plant?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

16.

Two brown-eyed parents (Bb) have a baby. What is the chance their baby is blue-eyed?

a)

0%

b)

25%

c)

50%

d)

75%

17.

What goes in box 1

a)

AABb

b)

AABB

c)

aabb

d)

AaBb

18.

What genotype is missing from this Punnett Square?

a)

RrYy

b)

RRYY

c)

rryy

d)

RrYY

19.

Different forms of a gene are called

a)

traits

b)

pollinations

c)

alleles

d)

hybrids

20.

The principles of probability can be used to:

a)

predict traits of the offspring of genetic crosses

b)

determine the actual outcomes of genetic crosses

c)

determine which species should be used in genetic crosses

d)

decide which organisms are best to use in genetic crosses

21.

The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol

a)

Z

b)

X

c)

N

d)

Y

22.

Meiosis results in the formation of:

a)

diploid cells

b)

haploid cells

c)

2N daughter cells

d)

body cells

23.

In which part of Interphase are the chromosomes replicated?

a)

G0

b)

G1

c)

S

d)

G2

24.

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called?

a)

interphase

b)

mitosis

c)

endocytosis

d)

cytokinesis

25.

Which statement below desribes the events during G2 of Interphase?

a)

The cell grows, develops, and makes new proteins

b)

The DNA replicates to form a new set of identical chromosomes

c)

The cell grows, makes new organelles, and prepares for mitosis

d)

the nucleolus disappears and the nuclear envelope disintegrates

26.

Which is not a phase of the cell cycle?

a)

Interphase

b)

Mitosis

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

Duplication

27.

In which stage of the cell cycle does the cell split into two?

a)

Mitosis

b)

G1

c)

Cytokinesis

d)

S

28.

_____ is the uncontrolled growth of cells, often resulting in a tumor or mass of abnormal cells

a)

Cancer

b)

Apoptosis

c)

Radiation

29.

Apoptosis is

a)

programmed cell death

b)

mysterious cell death

c)

programmed cellular mutation

d)

mysterious cellular mutation

30.
Which part of the Cell Cycle takes the longest?
a)
Interphase
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Cytokinesis
31.
True or False.
Mitosis is a continuous process.
a)
True
b)
False
32.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Cytokinesis
b)
Mitosis
c)
Prophase
d)
Metaphase
33.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Anaphase
d)
Telophase
34.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Cytokinesis
c)
Prophase
d)
Telophase
35.
What phase is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Prophase
d)
Telophase
36.
What part of the cell cycle is this cell in?
a)
Mitosis
b)
Interphase
c)
Telophase
d)
Cytokinesis
37.
What is a series of events a cell goes through as they grow and divide?
a)
Cell Division
b)
Cell Cycle
c)
Cytokinesis
d)
Mitosis
38.
During what stage does the G1, S and G2 phases happen?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
Mitosis
d)
Cytokinesis
39.
During what phase of the cell cycle does cell division occur?
a)
Interphase
b)
M phase
c)
S phase
d)
G2 phase
40.
During what phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
G2 phase
d)
M phase
41.
During what phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow?
a)
G1 phase
b)
S phase
c)
M phase
d)
Cytokinesis
42.
Put the following stages of mitosis in order: anaphase, prophase, metaphase, and telophase. 
a)
prophase, metaphase, telophase, anaphase
b)
prophase, anaphase, metaphase, telophase
c)
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
d)
prophase, telophase, metaphase, anaphase
43.
In mitosis, the two resulting cells are
a)
different from the starting cell and identical to each other.
b)
different from the starting cell and different from each other.
c)
identical to the starting cell and different from each other.
d)
identical to the starting cell and identical to each other.
44.
Where does a cell contain it's genetic material?
a)
nucleus
b)
nucleolus
c)
cytoskeleton
d)
golgi
45.

Cells of organism must replicate for ?

a)

growth

b)

repair of damaged tissue

c)

replacement of dying cells.

d)

All of the above

46.
What happens during the S phase?
a)
A checkpoint over the connection of the spindle fibers
b)
The cell grows
c)
DNA is replicated
d)
The cell enters the G0 phase
47.

Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes.

a)

21

b)

23

c)

46

d)

None of the above

48.
Medical researchers are interested in stem cells because they?
a)
are found in all types of tissues
b)
can produce different cells types
c)
are highly specialized
d)
are found only in embryos
49.
The process by which cells become specialized is known as?
a)
stem cell research
b)
embryonic development 
c)
totipotent cell strucutre
d)
cell differentiation 
50.
Which type of cell is unspecialized?
a)
skin cell
b)
stem cell
c)
liver cell
d)
muscle cell
51.
Place these cells in order of mitosis.
a)
A, B, C, D, E
b)
B, E, D, A, C
c)
C, E, A, D, B
d)
B, D, A, E, C
52.

The structure labeled A is called

a)

centromeres

b)

centrioles

c)

sister chromatids

d)

spindles

53.

The structure labeled B is called

a)

centromeres

b)

centrioles

c)

sister chromatids

d)

spindles

54.

Which of the following explains why normal cells grown in a petri dish tend to stop growing once they have covered the bottom of the dish?

a)

The cells lack cyclin

b)

The petri dish inhibits cell growth

c)

Contact with other cells stops cell growth.

d)

Most cells grown in petri dishes have a defective p53

55.

Organisms such as hawks and leopards, that obtain their energy from the foods they consume are called _______________________.

a)

Autotrophs

b)

Heterotrophs

56.

Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called ____________________.

a)

Autotrophs

b)

Heterotrophs

57.

Plants gather the sun’s energy with light –absorbing molecules called ________________.

a)

Wavelength

b)

Stroma

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Pigments

58.

What is the product of the Calvin Cycle?

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Sugar

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen

59.

Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into:

a)

High energy sugars

b)

ATP and oxygen

c)

Oxygen and high energy sugars

60.

The Calvin Cycle is another name for

a)

Light-independent reactions

b)

Light-dependent reactions

c)

Photosynthesis

61.

Plants take in the sun’s energy by absorbing _______________________.

a)

Sunlight

b)

Chlorophyll

c)

Oxygen

d)

Water

62.

The light-dependent reactions convert NADP+ and ADP into the energy carriers NADPH and ______________________.

a)

ADP

b)

ATP

c)

TPA

d)

TDA

63.

Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?

a)

In the stroma

b)

Outside the chloroplasts

c)

In the thylakoid membranes

64.

Which of the following affects the rate of photosynthesis?

a)

Water

b)

Temperature

c)

Light

d)

All of the above

65.

The stroma is the space that surrounds __________________________

a)

Chloroplasts

b)

Cytoplasm

c)

Thylakoids

d)

ATP

66.

Which of the following is NOT a part of an ATP molecule?

a)

Adenosine

b)

Chlorophyll

c)

Ribose

67.

What overall process is shown?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Calvin Cycle

c)

Light Independent Reaction

d)

Light Dependent Reaction

68.

What are the products of the light-dependent reactions?

(Use Figure 8-4)

a)

Sunlight

b)

Sugars

c)

Oxygen only

d)

Oxygen, ATP, NADPH

69.

What are the products of the Calvin Cycle?

(Use Figure 8-4)

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Light and Water

c)

Sugars, ADP+ P, NADP +

d)

Sugars only

70.

What chemical from the atmosphere is used in the Calvin Cycle to produce sugars?

(Use Figure 8-4)

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Water

c)

Light

d)

Oxygen

71.

What gas do plants “breathe in?”

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Oxygen

72.

What gas to plants “breathe out?”

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Oxygen

73.

The Calvin Cycle takes place in the

a)

Stroma

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Thylakoid Membrane

d)

Chlorophyll Molecules

74.

What are the products in a chemical reaction?

a)

The substances that go into a chemical reaction

b)

The substances produced at the end of the reaction

75.

What are the reactants in a chemical reaction?

a)

The substances that go into a chemical reaction

b)

The substances produced at the end of the reaction

76.

Name the three parts of an ATP molecule?

a)

Adenine, Ribose and Three phosphate groups

b)

NADH, NADPH, and FADH

c)

Stroma, Grana, and Chlorophyll

77.

What is in a ADP molecule

a)

Stroma, Grana, and Chlorophyll

b)

Adenine, Ribose and Two phosphate groups

c)

NADH, NADPH, and FADH

78.

Between which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form ADP

a)

Between 1 and 2

b)

Between 2 and 3

c)

Between the 1st phosphate and 2nd phosphate

d)

Between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate

79.

What is (D) called?

a)

Thylakoid

b)

Stroma

c)

Granum

80.

What is (A) called?

a)

Thylakoid

b)

Stroma

c)

Granum

81.

What is (C) called?

a)

Thylakoid

b)

Stroma

c)

Granum

82.

What is the role of NADP+ in photosynthesis?

a)

Electron carrier

b)

High energy sugar

c)

Photosynthesis

d)

Pigment

83.
How do organisms get the energy they need?
a)
by burning food molecules and releasing their energy as heat
b)
by breathing oxygen into their lungs and combining it with carbon dioxide
c)
by breaking down food molecules gradually and capturing their chemical energy
d)
by using the sun's energy to break down food molecules and form chemicals
84.
Which of the following is NOT a stage of cellular respiration?
a)
fermentation
b)
electron transport
c)
glycolysis
d)
Krebs cycle
85.
Which compounds are produced by the two main types of fermentation? 
a)
NAD+ or ATP
b)
alcohol or lactic acid
c)
glucose or carbon dioxide
d)
ADP or ATP
86.
Cellular respiration is called an aerobic process because it requires
a)
light
b)
exercise
c)
oxygen
d)
glucose
87.
The most important product of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is 
a)
ATP
b)
NADH
c)
ADP
d)
NAD+
88.
The products of photosynthesis are the
a)
products of cellular respiration
b)
reactants of cellular respiration
c)
products of glycolysis
d)
reactanta of fermentation
89.
 In glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into 
a)
six molecules of carbon dioxide
b)
four molecules of ATP
c)
two molecules of pyruvic acid
d)
two molecules of ATP
90.

Which process does NOT release energy from glucose?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

glycolysis

c)

cellular respiration

d)

fermentation

91.

The Krebs cycle produces

a)

oxygen

b)

lactic acid

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

glucose

92.

The first stage in cellular respiration is

a)

the Calvin cycle

b)

the Krebs cycle

c)

electron transport chain

d)

glycolysis

93.
Glycolysis provides a cell with a net gain of
a)
2 ATP
b)
4 ATP
c)
18 ATP
d)
36 ATP
94.

The starting molecule for glycolysis is

a)

glucose

b)

NADH

c)

pyruvic acid

d)

ADP

95.
In eukaryotes, electron transport occurs in the
a)
inner mitochondrial membrane
b)
nucleus
c)
cell membrane
d)
cytoplasm
96.
Which of the following pass high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain?
a)
NADH and FADH2
b)
ATP and ADP
c)
citric acid
d)
acetyl-CoA
97.
Cellular respiration uses 1 molecule of glucose to produce approximately______ATP molecules.
a)
2
b)
4
c)
32
d)
36
98.
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in
a)
bread dough
b)
any environment containing oxygen
c)
muscle cells
d)
mitochondria
99.
Breathing heavily after running a race is your body's way of
a)
making more citric acid.
b)
repaying an oxygen debt.
c)
restarting glycolysis.
d)
stopping the electron transport chain.
100.
Which of the following statements is true?
a)
Animal cells use cellular respiration and plant cells only use photosynthesis
b)
Animal cells use photosynthesis and cellular respiration and plants just use photosynthesis
c)
Animal cells use cellular respiration, plant cells use both cellular respiration and photosynthesis
d)
Animal and plant cells both use cellular respiration and photosynthesis
101.

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?

a)

glycolysis --- fermentation --- Krebs cycle

b)

Krebs cycle -- electron transport -- glycolysis

c)

glycolysis -- Krebs cycle -- electron transport

d)

Krebs cycle -- glycolysis --- electron transport

102.

What is the correct equation for cellular respiration?

a)

6O2 + C6H12O6 -----> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy

b)

6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy ----> 6CO2 + 6H2O

c)

6CO2 + 6H2O ----> 6O2 + C6H12O6 + Energy

d)

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy ----> 6O2 + C6H12O6

103.

What are the reactants in the equation for cellular respiration?

a)

oxygen and lactic acid

b)

carbon dioxide and water

c)

glucose and oxygen

d)

water and glucose

104.

Which of these is a product of cellular respiration?

a)

oxygen

b)

water

c)

glucose

d)

lactic acid

105.

Which of the following is one of the ways that cellular respiration and photosynthesis are opposite

processes?

a)

Photosynthesis releases energy, and cellular respiration stores energy.

b)

Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration

puts it back.

c)

Photosynthesis removes oxygen from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it

back.

d)

Photosynthesis consumes glucose, and cellular respiration produces glucose.

106.

Unlike photosynthesis, cellular respiration occurs in

a)

animal cells only.

b)

plant cells only.

c)

prokaryotic cells only.

d)

all eukaryotic cells.

107.

The products of photosynthesis are the

a)

products of cellular respiration.

b)

reactants of cellular respiration.

c)

products of glycolysis.

d)

reactants of fermentation.

108.

What charge protons have?

a)

negative

b)

electrons

c)

positive

109.

The subatomic particle that has a negative charge is?

a)

electron

b)

proton

c)

neutron

110.

What is a charged atom called?

a)

atom

b)

isotope

c)

ion

111.

Which bonds share electrons

a)

Covalent

b)

Ionic

112.

What is a polar molecule?

a)

That charges are equally distributed

b)

The charges are not equally distributed

113.

What is a compound that releases H+ in a solution called

a)

bases

b)

salts

c)

acids

114.

The pH scale goes from what to what

a)

1-7

b)

0-14

c)

1-14

115.

Check which of the following are organic compounds:

a)

carbohydrates

b)

lipids

c)

proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

e)

sugars

116.

If I were to dissolve sugar in water, that is the water called?

a)

solution

b)

solvent

c)

solute

117.

What is it called when you have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons?

a)

ion

b)

atom

c)

isotope

d)

nucleotides

118.

If sugar is dissolved in water, what is the sugar called?

a)

solvent

b)

solution

c)

solute

119.

what is the sum of protons and neutrons called?

a)

atomic number

b)

isotopes

c)

atomic mass

d)

ions

120.

What is the basic building block of an element called?

a)

ion

b)

electron

c)

atom

d)

proton

121.

What does the atomic number identify in an element

a)

neutrons

b)

electrons

c)

atoms

d)

protons

122.

What is a compound that releases OH- in a solution called?

a)

bases

b)

acids

c)

salts

123.

What are nucleic acids made up of?

a)

acids

b)

bases

c)

isotopes

d)

nucleotides

124.

What are RNA and DNA considered?

a)

lipds

b)

carbohydrates

c)

nucleic acids

d)

proteins

125.

What charge does an electron have?

a)

postive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

126.

What charge does a neutron have?

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

neutral

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