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Soil and Botany Basics Notes Review

Total questions: 134

Worksheet time: 2hrs 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
_______ is the type of soil used most often with plants and on farms. It is a mixture of clay, sand, and silt.
a)
loam
b)
humus
c)
soil
d)
dirt
2.

Soil sample that is 60% clay, 30% silt, and 10% sand has which texture?

a)

clay

b)

clay loam

c)

sandy loam

d)

silt

3.

Soil sample that is 10% clay, 20% silt, and 70% sand has which texture?

a)

clay

b)

clay loam

c)

sandy loam

d)

silt

4.
Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing particle size?
a)
clay-sand-silt
b)
sand-clay-silt
c)
silt-clay-sand
d)
clay-silt-sand
5.
Which type of soil can hold the greatest amount of water?
a)
sand
b)
silt
c)
clay
d)
loam
6.
The texture of soil depends mainly on
a)
the types of plants that grow in the soil.
b)
the size of the particles in the soil.
c)
the color of the soil.
d)
the number of worms in the soil.
7.

When you plant the seeds of the next crop along side the remains of the previous crop (in order to decrease erosion), it is known as...

a)

terracing.

b)

contour plowing.

c)

drip irrigation.

d)

no-till farming.

8.

The process by which land in arid and semi-arid areas becomes more desert like is...

a)

fallow.

b)

desertification.

c)

salinization.

d)

chemical weathering.

9.

Dirt is

a)

the inorganic portion of soil

b)

the organic port of soil

c)

the part of soil that contains the nutrients

d)

where roots grow in soil

10.

Humus is

a)

the inorganic portion of soil

b)

the organic port of soil

c)

the part of soil that contains the nutrients

d)

where roots grow in soil

11.

Soil provides plants with

a)

physical support

b)

air and water

c)

nutrients

d)

all of the above

12.

Good characteristics of soil include

a)

a lot of dirt

b)

drains quickly

c)

dark in color

d)

needs a lot of fertlizer

13.
What horizon is described in the picture?
a)
Horizon 1
b)
Horizon 2
c)
Horizon 3
d)
Horizon 4 
14.
What horizon is described in the picture?
a)
Horizon 1
b)
Horizon 2
c)
Horizon 3
d)
Horizon 4 
15.
What horizon is described in the picture?
a)
Horizon 1
b)
Horizon 2
c)
Horizon 3
d)
Horizon 4 
16.
What horizon is described in the picture?
a)
Horizon 1
b)
Horizon 2
c)
Horizon 3
d)
Horizon 4 
17.
Which horizon is made up of partially weathered rocks?
a)
Horizon A
b)
Horizon B
c)
Horizon C
d)
Horizon D or R
18.
In which horizon is most of the HUMUS?
a)
Horizon A
b)
Horizon B
c)
Horizon C
d)
Horizon D or R
19.

What soil horizon is shown?

a)

Horizon O

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon E

d)

Horizon B

e)

Horizon C

20.

What soil horizon is shown?

a)

Horizon O

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon E

d)

Horizon B

e)

Horizon C

21.

What soil horizon is shown?

a)

Horizon O

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon E

d)

Horizon B

e)

Horizon C

22.

What soil horizon is shown?

a)

Horizon A

b)

Horizon E

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon C

e)

Horizon R

23.

What soil horizon is shown?

a)

Horizon A

b)

Horizon E

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon C

e)

Horizon R

24.

What soil horizon is shown?

a)

Horizon A

b)

Horizon E

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon C

e)

Horizon R

25.

Match the description of the horizon to the horizon name.

a)

Horizon O

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon E

e)

Horizon C

26.

Match the description of the horizon to the horizon name.

a)

Horizon O

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon E

e)

Horizon C

27.

Match the description of the horizon to the horizon name.

a)

Horizon R

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon E

e)

Horizon C

28.

Match the description of the horizon to the horizon name.

a)

Horizon R

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon O

e)

Horizon C

29.

Match the description of the horizon to the horizon name.

a)

Horizon R

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon O

e)

Horizon C

30.

Match the description of the horizon to the horizon name.

a)

Horizon R

b)

Horizon A

c)

Horizon B

d)

Horizon O

e)

Horizon C

31.

What soil layer contains the most humus?

a)

Horizon A

b)

Horizon E

c)

Horizon R

d)

Horizon O

e)

Horizon B

32.

What soil layer contains the LEAST amount of humus?

a)

Horizon A

b)

Horizon E

c)

Horizon R

d)

Horizon O

e)

Horizon B

33.

Match the horizon letter with its name.

Horizon R

a)

Organic Matter

b)

Topsoil

c)

Eluviation

d)

Subsoil

e)

Bedrock

34.

Match the horizon letter with its name.

Horizon E

a)

Organic Matter

b)

Topsoil

c)

Eluviation

d)

Subsoil

e)

Bedrock

35.

Match the horizon letter with its name.

Horizon A

a)

Organic Matter

b)

Topsoil

c)

Parent Material

d)

Subsoil

e)

Bedrock

36.

Match the horizon letter with its name.

Horizon O

a)

Organic Matter

b)

Topsoil

c)

Parent Material

d)

Subsoil

e)

Bedrock

37.

Match the horizon letter with its name.

Horizon B

a)

Organic Matter

b)

Topsoil

c)

Parent Material

d)

Subsoil

e)

Bedrock

38.

Match the horizon letter with its name.

Horizon C

a)

Organic Matter

b)

Topsoil

c)

Parent Material

d)

Subsoil

e)

Bedrock

39.

Which horizon would you expect to find the following:

Living and dead plants and animals

a)

Horizon E- Eluviation Layer

b)

Horizon O- Organic Material

c)

Horizon A- Topsoil

d)

Horizon B- Subsoil

e)

Horizon R- Bedrock

40.

Which horizon would you expect to find the following:

Leached clay and minerals from the horizon above

a)

Horizon E- Eluviation Layer

b)

Horizon O- Organic Material

c)

Horizon A- Topsoil

d)

Horizon B- Subsoil

e)

Horizon R- Bedrock

41.

Which horizon would you expect to find the following:

Sand and silt (clay and minerals get leached to layer below)

a)

Horizon E- Eluviation Layer

b)

Horizon O- Organic Material

c)

Horizon A- Topsoil

d)

Horizon B- Subsoil

e)

Horizon R- Bedrock

42.

Which horizon would you expect to find the following:

True soil layer: a mixture of humus, mineral grains, water, and air

a)

Horizon E- Eluviation Layer

b)

Horizon C- Parent Material

c)

Horizon A- Topsoil

d)

Horizon B- Subsoil

e)

Horizon R- Bedrock

43.

Which horizon would you expect to find the following:

Thick slab of unbreakable rock

a)

Horizon E- Eluviation Layer

b)

Horizon C- Parent Material

c)

Horizon A- Topsoil

d)

Horizon B- Subsoil

e)

Horizon R- Bedrock

44.

Which horizon would you expect to find the following:

Slightly weathered rock chunks; very little organic material found here.

a)

Horizon E- Eluviation Layer

b)

Horizon C- Parent Material

c)

Horizon A- Topsoil

d)

Horizon B- Subsoil

e)

Horizon R- Bedrock

45.
Layers of soil are also known as:
a)
Soil Profiles
b)
Soil Horizons
c)
Soil sheets
d)
Soil cores
46.
Soil formation begins with the weathering of 
a)
litter.
b)
bedrock.
c)
the A horizon.
d)
humus.
47.
What is humus?
a)
soil
b)
organic matter
c)
loam
d)
minerals
48.
Which of the following orders sediment particle size from smallest to largest?
a)
silt, sand, clay
b)
sand, silt, clay
c)
clay, sand, silt
d)
clay, silt, sand
49.
Which of the horizons in the soil profile shown represent the organic material?
a)
Horizon O (Humus)
b)
Horizon A
c)
Horizon B
d)
Horizon C
50.

In which horizon do most animals such as bugs live?

a)

Humus

b)

Topsoil

c)

Subsoil

d)

Parent Material

e)

Bedrock

51.

Which of these is NOT a main ingredient in soil?

a)

Mineral Matter

b)

Organic Matter

c)

Air

d)

Dirt

52.

How much air AND water is in a ideal soil

a)

25%

b)

50%

c)

10%

d)

5%

53.

How much Mineral Matter is in an ideal soil?

a)

25%

b)

5%

c)

50%

d)

45%

54.

What is the best type of soil texture for plant growth?

a)

Sandy clay

b)

Silt clay

c)

Fertilizer

d)

Loam

55.

What type of soil texture would hold too much water and flood plants?

a)

Clay

b)

Sand

c)

Loam

d)

Silt

56.

What would happen if there is too much sand in the soil?

a)

It would hold too much water and flood plants.

b)

Too much water would run off and plants would dry out.

c)

Nothing. Sand is perfect for soil.

d)

Aquatic animals would eat the plants.

57.

Most plants prefer a pH...

a)

Closer to 0.

b)

Closer to 14.

c)

Between 4-8

d)

That is very acidic.

58.

pH tells you...

a)

How acidic or basic a solution is.

b)

The mixture of sand, silt, and clay.

c)

Which fertilizer you may need.

d)

The levels of Phosphorus in the soil.

59.

Which nutrient is needed to make chlorophyll (which is green) to allow your plants to do photosynthesis?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Phosphorus

c)

Potassium

d)

pH

60.

Why is Phosphorus specifically so important in soil?

a)

Helps them grow.

b)

Keeps them green.

c)

Helps them bloom and create fruits and vegetables.

d)

Helps them with immunity.

61.

If a client's soil is too acidic, what will you tell them to do to fix it?

a)

Add lime.

b)

Add peat moss.

c)

Add nitrogen.

d)

Add sand.

62.

If a client's grass is not green, what will you tell them to do to fix it?

a)

Add lime.

b)

Add peat moss.

c)

Add a 28-3-3 fertilizer.

d)

Add a 3-28-3 fertilizer.

63.

Of the four soil components, 45% of a soil is comprised of:

a)

Air

b)

Water

c)

Minerals

d)

Organic Matter

64.

Fifty (50) percent of a soil is composed of:

a)

Air

b)

Organic Matter

c)

Water

d)

Minerals

65.

What is a mixture of minerals, organic matter, gases, and organisms that can support plant life

a)

Weathering

b)

Loam

c)

silt

d)

Soil

66.

what remains are found in organic material? Along with plants animals and their waste products?

a)

dead organisms

b)

Inorganic material

c)

Soil

d)

Topsoil

67.

This pie chart shows the soil composition in general. What's A?

a)

Minerals

b)

organic content

c)

humus

d)

water

68.

Look again. What's B? Find all correct answers

a)

minerals

b)

organic content

c)

humus

d)

water

69.

Which soil component is coarse and gritty?

a)

clay

b)

silt

c)

sand

70.

Now, what type of soil is this sample?

a)

sandy soil

b)

clay

c)

loam

71.

You know the drill. What is this type of soils?

a)

clay

b)

loam

c)

sandy

72.

Back again to this picture. What component is missing from this type of soil?

(a)  

73.

Look at the soil sample. What type of soil is that?

a)

loam

b)

sandy

c)

clay

74.

Select the correct term for the following definition:

"The water transport system in plants."

a)

Villi

b)

Bronchi

c)

Bolus

d)

Xylem

75.

Select which of the following statements are true for xylem.

a)

Tubular shape with no cross walls.

b)

Transportation of food and nutrients.

c)

Elongated, tubular shape with thin walled sieve tubes.

d)

Occupy the center of the vascular bundle.

e)

Water and mineral transport from roots to aerial parts of the plant.

76.

Select the correct term for the following definition:

"The nutrient transport system in plants."

a)

Enzyme

b)

Guard cells

c)

Phloem

d)

Proteins

77.

Select which of the following statements are true for phloem.

a)

Bi-directional movement (up and down stem).

b)

Elongated, tubular shape with thin walled sieve tubes.

c)

Transportation of feed and nutrients.

d)

Occupy the centre of the vascular bundle.

e)

Water and mineral transport from roots to aerial parts of the plant.

78.

What type of water in most useful to plants in soil?

a)

unavailable capillary water

b)

available capillary water

c)

gratitational water

d)

above of the above

79.

What nutrient is essential for new plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis?

a)

Sulfur

b)

Potassium

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Calcium

80.

_________promotes root development and early seedling growth

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Potassium

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Iron

81.

Plants lacking _______are also more susceptible to pests and diseases

a)

Potassium

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Magnesium

d)

Sulfur

82.

N-P-K stands for what?

a)

Nitrogen-Potassium-Phosphorus

b)

Nickle-Phosphorus-Potassium

c)

Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium

d)

Need-Plants-Know

83.

Which is a non- fertilizer element?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Hydrogen

c)

Calcium

d)

Magnesium

84.

What does macro mean?

a)

Tiny

b)

Small

c)

Large

d)

Little

85.

This plant is showing what deficiency?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Potassium

c)

Phosphorus

d)

Calcium

86.

What nutrient is deficient in this plant?

a)

Phosphorus

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Calcium

d)

Potassium

87.

___ helps with porosity is growing medium

a)

Vermiculite

b)

Perlite

c)

Peat Moss

d)

Lime

88.

_____helps with water holding capacity

a)

perlite

b)

vermiculite

c)

peat moss

d)

gold

89.

Which term signifies a positive ion?

a)

anion

b)

cation

c)

plus ion

d)

minus ion

90.

Which term signifies a negative ion?

a)

Anion

b)

Cation

c)

Plus Ion

d)

Minus Ion

91.

If you have an acidic soil, what should you add if you want to raise the pH?

a)

sulfur or gypsum

b)

salt

c)

lime

d)

calcium

92.

If you have an alkaline soil and want to lower the pH, what would you add?

a)

sulfur or gypsum

b)

salt

c)

lime

d)

calcium

93.

What does the term acidic mean?

a)

pH of 7-14; low

b)

pH of 7-14; high

c)

pH of 0-7; low

d)

pH of 0-7; high

94.

What does the term alkaline mean?

a)

pH 7-14; high

b)

pH 7-14; low

c)

pH 0-7; high

d)

pH 0-7; low

95.

What is the pH of water?

a)

0

b)

5

c)

7

d)

14

96.

What is the optimum pH range for most plants?

a)

4.0-5.0

b)

6.0-7.0

c)

8.0-9.0

97.

If a plant turns a purple to brown color, what deficiency does it likely have?

a)

nitrogen

b)

potassium

c)

calcium

d)

phosphorus

98.

If a plant has brown, crispy edges, what deficiency does it likely have?

a)

magnesium

b)

potassium

c)

nitrogen

d)

phosphorus

99.

Vascular tissue (tubes) responsible for the transportation of water and minerals up from the roots and around the plant.

a)

Stomata

b)

Transpiration

c)

Phloem

d)

Xylem

100.

Vascular tissue (tubes) responsible for the transportation of glucose down and around in a plant.

a)

Transpiration

b)

Xylem

c)

Phloem

d)

Root Hairs

101.
Type of root
a)
fibrous root 
b)
taproot
102.
Examine this seed. Would you expect it to produce a dicot or monocot plant?
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
c)
Corn
d)
WI Fast Plant
103.
Examine this seed. Would you expect it to produce a dicot or monocot plant?
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
c)
Neither
d)
Cotyledon
104.
Flower parts in dicots are in multiples of?
a)
4
b)
7
c)
 3
d)
2
105.
A flower is pictured. Can it be classified as a dicot or monocot?
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
c)
Neither
d)
Lily
106.
Is this flower from a monocot or dicot?
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
c)
neither
d)
both
107.
Why is the flower in the picture classified as a dicot?
a)
A.  The petals are arranged in 3 or groups of 3.
b)
B.  The petals are arranged in 4 or 5 or groups of 4 or 5.
c)
C.  The leaves have webbed, scattered or branching veins
d)
D.  Both B and C
108.
Which statement concerning cotyledons is correct?
a)
Monocots have one cotyledon, dicots have two
b)
Monocots have two cotyledons, dicots have one
c)
Monocots have one cotyledon, dicots have more than two
d)
the number of cotyledons does  not matter
109.
What type of leaves would you expect this flower to have?
a)
Parallel veins
b)
Branching (net-like) veins
c)
Neither 
d)
Both
110.
What type of leaves would you expect this flower to have?
a)
Branching (net-like) veins
b)
Parallel veins
c)
Scattered veins
d)
None of these.
111.
What type of seed leaf would you expect this flower to have?
a)
one cotyledon
b)
two cotyledon
c)
three cotyledon
d)
unlimited cotyledon
112.
Identify the type of vascular bundles(inside look of stem) as a dicot or monocot.
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
c)
Neither
d)
Both
113.
Identify the type of vascular bundles (inside look of stem) as a dicot or monocot.
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
c)
Neither
d)
Both
114.
Examine the leaf. Would you expect this plant to be classified as a dicot or monocot?
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
c)
Neither
d)
Both
115.
Examine the leaf. Would you expect this plant to be classified as a dicot or monocot?
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
c)
Neither
d)
Both
116.
Identify the type of angiosperm as a dicot or monocot.
a)
monocot
b)
dicot
117.
What do mycorrhizal fungi gain from plants?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
nutrients
c)
extracellular enzymes
d)
carbon dioxide
118.

_________________ are fungi that live on the roots of plants and aid in nutrient uptake.

a)

protozoa

b)

lichen

c)

mycorrhizae

d)

chanterelles

119.

Which property of soil can you determine by rubbing a sample between your fingers?

a)

Ability to support life

b)

Formation process

c)

Texture

d)

Color

120.

Which property of soil determines how much water it will retain?

a)

Texture

b)

Porosity

c)

Humus

d)

pH

121.

What soil can only be seen using a microscope?

a)

Clay

b)

Top soil

c)

Silt

d)

Sand

122.

What does the Ribbon Test test for?

a)

structure

b)

nutrients

c)

texture

d)

water holding capacity

123.

What is a mixture of sand, silt and clay called?

a)

Loam

b)

Humus

c)

Sandy Clay

d)

Silty Sand

124.

Vascular plants

a)

produce seeds

b)

are seedless

c)

are leafless

125.
The function of a root is to
a)
make food.
b)
supply the leaf with chlorophyll.
c)
anchor a plant in the ground and absorb water and minerals from the soil.
126.
Function of a stem is 
a)
make the plant or tree look tall and wavy.
b)
another name for bark.
c)
is to provide the means by which water, minerals and food is exchanged between the roots and leaves of the plant.
127.
what is the most important function of a leaf?
a)
they capture sun's energy to make food.
b)
they protect the tree from predators
c)
they make food using oxygen.
128.
These types of plants are able to grow taller because of the added support and faster nutrient transport of xylem and phloem.
a)
Seedless plants
b)
Vascular plants
c)
Seeded plants
d)
Nonvascular plants
129.
___________________ plants have true roots, true stems, and true leaves.
a)
Protist
b)
Vascular 
c)
Fungi
d)
Non-vascular 
130.

The terms annual, biennial, and perennial describe plant:

a)

leaf loss

b)

life cycle

c)

production practices

d)

root type

131.

Plants that complete their life cycles in two years are:

a)

annuals

b)

biennials

c)

centennials

d)

perennials

132.

Because trees live many years, they are:

a)

annuals

b)

biennials

c)

perennials

d)

semi-annuals

133.

Plants that take three or more years to complete their life cycle are:

a)

annuals

b)

biennials

c)

millennials

d)

perennials

134.

Annual plants complete their life cycle in:

a)

one year

b)

two years

c)

three years

d)

ten years

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