Substance with the ability to combine with an antibody

(a)  

Antigenic determinants

(a)  

Small molecular domains of the antigen where immune cells recognize and reacts into

(a)  

sample of antigen that is not immunogenic

(a)  

A membrane protein that will act like an ID

(a)  

old name of MHC

(a)  

MHC class that is found in all nucleated cells

(a)  

MHC class that is recognized by CD8

(a)  

MHC that is found in Antigen presenting cells

(a)  

MHC class that is recognized by CD4

(a)  

Substance that is capable of inducing an immune response 

(a)  

Substances produces in response to antigenic stimulation that is capable of specific interaction with provoking immunogen

(a)  

The only protein that is not produce in the liver

(a)  

Antibody determinants

(a)  

antibody structure contains how many heavy chains?

(a)  

antibody structure contains how many light chains?

(a)  

what are the 2 light chains of an antibody?

(a)  

the bond that binds the 2 chain

(a)  

Bendable/flexible because of the amino acid proline

(a)  

amino acid that makes the hinge region bendable

(a)  

FAB portion

(a)  

part of an antibody where antigen binds

(a)  

Fc portion

(a)  

antibody part that has an affinity/ receptor for wbc, macrophages etc

(a)  

a disease associated with producing antibodies with only light chains

(a)  

what abnormal protein does multiple myeloma produces and can be detected in the urine

(a)  

list the antibodies according to the concentration

(a)  

structure of IgG

(a)  

structure of IgM

(a)  

structure of IgE

(a)  

structure of IgD

(a)  

structure of secretory IgA

(a)  

structure of serum IgA

(a)  

IgA is connected by a polypeptide called

(a)  

most abundant immunoglobulins

(a)  

this IG activates phagocytosis, neutralizes antigens

(a)  

this IG provide immunity for newborn

(a)  

refers to the ability of receptors on macrophages, neutrophils, and eosinophils to recognize and bind the Fc portions of antibodies attached to surface antigens of microorganisms

(a)  

it is the major antibody in secondary immune response

(a)  

half life of IgG

(a)  

IgG class that cannot cross the placenta

(a)  

IgG class that cannot activate complement

(a)  

this IG protect mucosal surfaces by reacting with the surface potential pathogens and interfering with their adherence and colonization

(a)  

biggest IG

(a)  

most effective in activating the complement system

(a)  

most often formed in response to gram negative bacteria

(a)  

most efficient IG in enhancing phagocytosis

(a)  

participates in agglutination reaction

(a)  

-          predominant antibody in the primary immune response

(a)  

involved as an antigen receptor and in B cell activation

(a)  

-          destroys parasitic worms and participates in allergies

(a)  

this IG is associated with allergy and immediate hypersensitivity reactions

(a)  

IgE is also known as

(a)  

type of immunity that is immediate and has no memory

(a)  

non-specific immunity

(a)  

-          in specific regions lower the pH locally to either kill entering microorganisms directly or inhibit their growth.

(a)  

-          short cationic polypeptides produced by neutrophils and various epithelial cells that kill bacteria by disrupting the cell walls

(a)  

-          an enzyme made by neutrophils and cells of epithelial barriers, which hydrolyzes bacterial cell wall components, killing those cells.

(a)  

-          a system of proteins in blood plasma, mucus and macrophages that reacts with bacterial surface components to aid removal of bacteria

(a)  

-          paracrine factors from leukocytes and virus-infected cells that signals NK cells to kill such cells and adjacent cells to resist viral infection.

(a)  

type of immunity that is acquired gradually by exposure to microorganisms

(a)  

type of immunity that is more specific and slower to respond

(a)  

-          develop bases on antigen presentation of lymphocyte

(a)  

results when an individual is exposed to an antigen (either naturally or artificially) and the response of the individual’s own immune system is the cause of the immunity

(a)  

occurs when another person or an animal develops immunity and the immunity is transferred to a nonimmune individual

(a)  

results from natural exposure to an antigen, such as a disease-causing microorganism, that stimulates the immune system to respond against the antigen.

(a)  

an antigen is deliberately introduced into an individual to stimulate the immune system. This process is called vaccination, and the introduced antigen is a vaccine.

(a)  

results when antibodies are transferred from a mother to her child across the placenta before birth.

(a)  

begins with vaccinating an animal, such as a horse. After the animal’s immune system responds to the antigen, antibodies are removed from the animal and injected into the human requiring immunity. Antibodies produced by another person or an animal are injected.

(a)  

during inflammation at sites of infection or tissue injury, cells in the immune system communicate with each other primarily via _ to coordinate defensive measures

(a)  

Antibody covers biologically active portion of microbe or toxin

(a)  

Antibody cross-links cells (example: bacteria), forming a clump

(a)  

Antibody cross-links circulation particles (example: toxins), forming an insoluble antigen-antibody complex

(a)  

·       FC region of antibody binds complement proteins; complement is activated.

(a)  

Fc region of antibody binds to receptors of phagocytic cells, triggering phagocytosis.

(a)  

Fc region of antibody binds to an NK cell, triggering release of cytotoxic chemicals

(a)  

Tissue grafts and organ transplants are classified as _ when the donor and the host are the same individual

(a)  

tissue grafts that are those involving identical twins

(a)  

tissue grafting which involve two related or unrelated individuals.

(a)  

tissue grafts that is taken from animal donor if allografts are in short supply; different species

(a)  

o   Immunosuppressive drugs which inhibit the activation of cytotoxic T cells.

(a)  

bilobed structure in the mediastinum

(a)  

-          primary or central lymphoid organ in which T cells are produce

(a)  

main function of this organ is the induction of central tolerance (prevents lymphocytes from initiating immune response against the body’s own tissue)

(a)  

only organs that gets smaller as you grow

(a)  

this lymphoid organ undergoes involution at puberty

(a)  

positive selection of thymus happens in the

(a)  

Survival of this process is dependent on the ability to bind to MHC molecule

(a)  

this process will ensure that the T cells receptor (TCR) are functional (can recognize and bind MHC)

(a)  

this selection happens in the medulla of thymus

(a)  

what part of the thymus does negative selection occur

(a)  

The survival in this selection is dependent on not recognizing self-antigen

(a)  

this selection will ensure that the T cells is not reacting to self-antigen

(a)  

Bean shaped, encapsulated structures, generally only 10mm by 2.5cm in size, distributed throughout the body along the lymphatic vessels

(a)  

this organ filters lymph and provides a site for B-cell activation and differentiation to antibody-secreting plasma cells

(a)  

what part of lymph nodes does high endothelial venules are located?

(a)  

these are special capillary venules which is the entry point of the circulating lymphocytes into the lymph nodes

(a)  

spleen in fetal life

(a)  

spleen in adult life

(a)  

-          Contains the largest single accumulation of lymphoid tissue in the body and is the only lymphoid organ involved in filtration of blood.

(a)  

-          Important organ in defense against blood-borne antigens

(a)  

Main site of old erythrocyte destruction

(a)  

where does spleen is located

(a)  

region that consist 20% of the spleen

(a)  

region of the spleen which filters blood, removes defective erythrocytes consists of splenic cords with macrophages and splenic sinusoids

(a)  

Functions in protecting the mucosal connective tissues of these tracts from the invaders

(a)  

this region consist 80% of the spleen

(a)