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UNIT 7 Natural Selection REVIEW

Total questions: 104

Worksheet time: 2hrs 36mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following is a factor in natural selection?

a)

Individuals of species compete with one another to survive.

b)

All species are genetically diverse.

c)

Individuals better able to adapt to changes leave more offspring.

d)

All of the above.

2.

Individuals that are better able to cope with the challenges of their environment tend to

a)

Increase in population over time.

b)

Decrease in population over time.

c)

Leave fewer offspring than those less suited to the environment.

d)

Both (a) and (c)

3.

Starting in 1954, commercial fishers in the northwest Pacific were paid by weight, rather than by the individual fish, for pink salmon. The fishers increased the use of a type of net that selectively catches larger fish. Which of the following effects did this change in fishing technique most likely have on the salmon population over the next 20 years?

a)

The average body size of the salmon population decreased significantly.

b)

The average body size of the salmon population increased significantly.

c)

The average body size of the males in the salmon population increased, and the females stayed the same.

d)

None of the above.

4.

The Asian shore crab invaded parts of the eastern coast of the United States about 15 years ago. The Asian shore crab preys on blue mussels. In the time since the Asian shore crab arrived, the average shell thickness of the blue mussel population has increased.

Which of the following is the most likely reason that this increase in shell thickness has occurred?

a)

Blue mussels with thick shells attract more crabs that mussels without thick shells.

b)

Blue mussels with thick shells grow in larger colonies than mussels without thick shells.

c)

Blue mussels with thick shells catch more food per day than mussels without thick shells.

d)

Blue mussels with thick shells survive and reproduce more successfully than mussels without thick shells.

5.

The process in which organisms with traits well suited to an environment are more likely to survive and to produce offspring is

a)

Natural selection.

b)

Genetic principles.

c)

Origin of species.

d)

Trait mechanism.

6.

The theory of ‘common descent with modification’ states that all modern organisms

a)

can change in response to environmental change

b)

are descended from a single ancestral species

c)

can be arranged in a linear order from “least evolved” to “most evolved”

d)

Have not changed over time

7.

which of the following is an example of microevolution?

a)

a. the evolution pesticide resistance in pests

b)

b. the increase in size, over time, of the horse species.

c)

c. the change in color of the peppered moth due to pollution

d)

Both A and C

8.

The fossil record provides evidence that

a)

Fossils cannot be dated.

b)

All species were formed during Earth’s formation and have changed little since then.

c)

The fossilized species have no connection to today’s species.

d)

Older species gave rise to more-recent species.

9.

Structures with the same parts but have different functions, suggesting that organisms with a backbone share common ancestry is called…

a)

Not related

b)

Not homologous

c)

Homologous

d)

Young in origin

10.

Structures with no function that are remnants of an organism’s evolutionary past are

a)

Not visible organisms

b)

Young in origin

c)

Vestigial

d)

Useful to the organism

11.

Comparing the human hemoglobin amino acid sequence to the chimpanzees, horses, kangaroos, and chickens, reveal that humans have the fewest amino acid differences with

a)

kangaroos

b)

horses

c)

chickens

d)

chimpanzees

12.

The presence of pelvic bones in the baleen whale is evidence of which of the following?

a)

Whales can travel on land when necessary.

b)

Whales are developing into animals with four functioning limbs.

c)

Whales have functional legs that are hidden by fat and skin.

d)

Whales evolved from four-legged animals.

13.

What is suggested by the similary of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

a)

No evolutionary relationship between the groups

b)

A recent common ancestry

c)

Similar environments in the past

d)

Evolution from a distant common ancestor

14.
The theory of evolution by natural selection means that what is changing over time?
a)
The inherited traits of a population.
b)
The acquired traits of a population.
c)
Hair color and eye color
d)
Attractive features.
15.
Mutations are a change in what?
a)
DNA
b)
tRNA
c)
genotype
d)
phenotype
16.
The trees these moths used to live on were white, but have been covered in soot from coal factories. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
17.
Since the 1800s humans have stopped burning coal, and the trees have returned to their original color. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
18.
What process is being shown in this image?
a)
Variation
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Selective Breeding
d)
Homeostasis
19.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
20.
These moths are all the same species. The differences between their wings is an example of ________________
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Variation
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Extinction
21.
The genitalia of the male damselfly varies in shape. Certain males can only hold onto & mate with females whose genitalia fit.  What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
temporal isolation 
c)
gametic isolation
d)
mechanical isolation 
22.
Some female peacocks prefer males with large, colorful tales while other female peacocks prefer males with no tail at all. Females are beginning to only mate with the type of males with the tail they prefer. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
hybrid sterility 
c)
temporal isolation
d)
mechanical isolation 
23.
The flowers of pink tulips open in the morning, while the flowers of lavender tulips open in the early afternoon. The bees that pollinate these tulips cannot carry pollen back & forth between the two types of tulips because of their flowers being closed at different times of day. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)
behavioral isolation
b)
hybrid sterility 
c)
temporal isolation
d)
mechanical isolation 
24.
The term for the formation of new and distinct species over the course of evolution is...
a)
speciation
b)
biological species concept
c)
reproductive barrier
d)
natural selection
25.
What is a species? 
a)
A group of organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring. 
b)
A group of organisms that can mate and produce offspring even if those offspring are infertile.
c)
A group of organisms that genetically are very different from each other. 
d)
Indivual organisms that live in the same environment. 
26.
A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?
a)

behavioral isolation

b)

temporal isolation 

c)

gametic isolation

d)

geographic isolation 

27.
When a population becomes divided by an event such as a new river forming, ____________ has occurred.
a)
Differentiation 
b)
Isolation
c)
Adaptation
d)
Separation
28.
Variations in a population are caused by:
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Selective Breeding
c)
Artificial Selection
d)
Random Mutations
29.
If an environment changes, populations with ______________ have a better chance of survival.
a)
No genetic variations
b)
Genetic variations
c)
A small number
d)
A large number
30.
The climate of a certain area is cold, and snow is found on the ground most of the year. Equal numbers of two populations of rabbits are introduced into this climate by a group of scientists. One of the populations is brown and the other is white. Predict what will happen over several generations.
a)
There will be equal numbers of brown and white rabbits
b)
There will be more brown rabbits that white rabbits
c)
There will be more white rabbits than brown rabbits
d)
There is no way to predict what will happen to the rabbit population
31.

When the Grand Canyon in Arizona formed, two populations of one squirrel species were separated by the giant canyon. This is an example of _____________.

a)

Temporal isolation

b)

Behavioral isolation

c)

Geographic isolation

32.
What is genetic drift?
a)
The movement of genes in/out of a population
b)
A small, random change in the DNA
c)
Any change in the allelic frequencies in a population that is due to chance
d)
›The process in which humans select for or against particular features in organisms
33.
When has speciation occurred?
a)

When populations no longer look the same

b)

When populations no longer have the same frequency of alleles

c)

When populations are living in different environments

d)

When populations can no longer interbreed

34.

Genetic diversity is decreased through this process.

a)

Gene Flow

b)

Genetic Drift

35.

In which of the following populations would genetic drift be most likely to cause a rapid evolution of the population?

a)

The human population of India

b)

A large population of Mexican free-tailed bats living in central Texas

c)

A geographically isolated population of 5000 green tree frogs

d)

A small group of 12 cheetahs living in Namibia

36.

Someone steps on some bugs and randomly removes their alleles from the population. This is an example of

a)

gene flow

b)

genetic drift

c)

speciation

d)

allele frequency

37.

Alleles that improve survival will decrease in frequency in the next generation.

a)

True

b)

False

38.

The allele frequencies of the mouse population in the picture are changing over time. Which is true?

a)

The population is evolving.

b)

The population is not evolving.

c)

The population will go extinct.

d)

The population's genetic variation is increasing.

39.

Adaptations are features you are born with that either help you or hurt you in your environment.

a)

True

b)

False

40.

What is binomial nomenclature?

a)

system of 3 names

b)

system of 2 names

c)

the names of the kingdoms

d)

the levels of classification

41.

Who created the 2 name system?

a)

Linnaeus

b)

Edison

c)

Darwin

d)

Einstein

42.

The 3 domains are Eukarya, Archaea, and

a)

Fungi

b)

Plantae

c)

Animalia

d)

Bacteria

43.

What two levels make up a scientific name?

a)

genus and order

b)

genus and species

c)

domain and kingdom

d)

family and genus

44.

What level comes after order?

a)

genus

b)

kingdom

c)

family

d)

species

45.

What level comes before class?

a)

phylum

b)

domain

c)

order

d)

family

46.

The _________ levels that 2 organisms share, the more similar they are to each other.

a)

fewer

b)

more

47.

The 4 eukaryote kingdoms are Animals, Plants, Fungi, and

a)

Bacteria

b)

Archaea

c)

Humans

d)

Protists

48.

Which of these has a backbone?

a)

jellyfish

b)

squid

c)

worm

d)

snake

49.

All living things are made of

a)

cells

b)

prokaryotes

c)

autotrophs

d)

heterotrophs

50.

Scientists place organisms into domains and kingdoms based on cell type, number of cells, and

a)

if they are able to grow.

b)

if they drink water.

c)

if they have the ability to make food.

d)

if they are able to move.

51.

Where are bacteria found

a)

in very few places

b)

only in the air

c)

all over the place

d)

only in cow intestines

52.

Which of these is a fungus?

a)

bacteria

b)

mushroom

c)

algae

d)

seaweed

53.

What is the study of classification?

a)

taxonomy

b)

biology

c)

botany

d)

microbiology

54.

What is a prokaryote?

a)

an organism that has nuclei in its cells

b)

an autotroph

c)

a heterotroph

d)

an organism without a nucleus in its cells

55.

Which of these is a eukaryote?

a)

bacteria living in your digestive system

b)

archaea

c)

bacteria living in food

d)

mold

56.

A heterotroph

a)

cannot make its own food.

b)

is able to make its food.

57.

Which of these is an autotroph?

a)

mushroom

b)

rose

c)

seal

d)

tiger

58.

What is the correct order of classification?family

a)

kingdom, domain, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

b)

domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

c)

domain, phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species

d)

species, genus, family, phylum, order, class, domain, kingdom

59.

What is the proper way to write a scientific name?

a)

Symbion pandora

b)

Symbion Pandora

c)

symbion Pandora

d)

symbion pandora

60.

What is the human most closely related to?

a)

Fish

b)

mouse

c)

Salamander

d)

Human

61.

Where is the alligator and T. rex's common ancestor?

a)

Point A

b)

Point B

c)

Point C

d)

Point D

62.
All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of -
a)
Fur
b)
Claws or nails
c)
Lungs
d)
Jaws
63.
According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to -
a)
Amphibians
b)
Rodents and rabbits
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
64.

What is the purpose of a cladogram?

a)

To map the ancestral relationships and shared traits of different organisms.

b)

To trace the inherited traits of a single species over time.

c)

To check the likelihood of an offspring having a particular trait.

d)

To monitor mutations that arise among different populations.

65.

What do both the squirrel and lion have in common that the other animals do not?

a)

They are both vertebrates

b)

They both have lungs

c)

They are both mammals

d)

They both lose their canine teeth.

66.

What do amphibians, birds, prosimians and humans all have in common? Check all that apply.

a)

Hair

b)

Endothermic

c)

Eukaryotic

d)

Tetrapod

e)

Vertebrate

67.

Which letter represents the most recent common ancestor of sponges and mushrooms?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

e)

E

68.

Which trait should go where A is on the cladogram?

a)

eyes

b)

feet

c)

lips

d)

hat

69.

Which organism goes in the B position?

a)
b)
c)
d)
70.

According to the diagram, what is the common ancestor of ALL organisms on the phylogenetic tree?

a)

B

b)

C

c)

D

d)

E

71.

What is the common ancestor of Letters A, B, C, D, E?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

72.

Using the cladogram, which two organisms are more closely related Lizards and Newts OR Lamreys and Sharks

a)

Newts and Lizards

b)

Lampreys and Sharks

73.

Which trait(s) do conifers have?

a)

vascular tissue only

b)

vascular tissue and seeds

c)

vascular tissue, seeds and flowers

d)

seeds only

74.

How has technology helped us in understanding evolutionary relationships?

a)

We can travel back in time to observe different organisms in their habitats.

b)

We clone different organisms using DNA from fossils so we can bring them back and observe.

c)

We can now compare the DNA of different organisms to help determine the relationships between them.

d)

We can follow different organisms on Twitter to look for similar traits and characteristics.

75.

How can a cladogram be used to show how closely related two organisms are?

a)

The further apart two organisms are on a cladogram the more they have in common.

b)

If two organisms are next to each other on a cladogram then they must be the same species.

c)

All organisms share a common ancestor.

d)

You can use a cladogram to see how many traits two organisms have in common. The more in common, the more closely related they are.

76.

Which of the following pictures is an example of a cladogram?

a)
b)
c)
d)
77.

According to the tree, who is the closest relative to the human?

a)

Yeast

b)

Pine

c)

Giardia

d)

Fern

78.

Based on the cladogram, what trait was last developed?

a)

Opposable thumbs

b)

lungs

c)

claws / nails

d)

fur / mammory glands

79.

Which organisms lack tissues?

a)

Roundworms

b)

Flatworms

c)

Cnidarians

d)

Sponges

80.

What do viruses need to reproduce?

a)

they need genetic material

b)

They need a host cell

c)

They need bacteria

d)

They need insulin

81.

How does a virus cause a person to develop the common cold?

a)

invades the host cell to reproduce

b)

removes energy from the host cell

c)

produces toxins in the host cell

d)

protects the host cell from bacteria

82.

A virus can be classified by its type of

a)

mitochondria

b)

chromosomes

c)

nucleic acid

d)

carbohydrates

83.
A(n) _____ is a virus that enters a bacterial cell.
a)
endospore
b)
decomposer
c)
plasmid
d)
bacteriophage
84.
When a virus invades a living cell, its _______
takes over the cell's functions.
a)
outer coat
b)
genetic material
c)
core
d)
cytoplasm
85.
What part of the phage is the DNA?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
86.

True or False

The flu (influenza) is caused by a virus.

a)

true

b)

false

87.
Antibiotics kill viruses
a)
True
b)
False
88.

What part of a virus is the protein capsule that houses the genetic material (DNA/RNA)?

a)

tail

b)

nucleus

c)

capsid

d)

glycoprotein

89.

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing (exploding)?

a)

lytic

b)

mitosis

c)

lysogenic

d)

S phase

90.

Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant while the host cell reproduces?

a)

lytic

b)

mitosis

c)

lysogenic

d)

S phase

91.

What is in the center of the virus?

a)

Nucleic Acids (RNA or DNA)

b)

Nucleus

c)

Capsid

d)

Glycoproteins (surface markers)

92.

Protects the genome of a virus. Made out of protein.

a)

Capsid

b)

Nucleus

c)

Glycoproteins (surface markers)

d)

Nucleic Acids (DNA or RNA)

93.

Helps the virus attach to and enter a host cell.

a)

Nucleus

b)

Nucleic Acids (DNA or RNA)

c)

Capsid

d)

Glycoproteins (surface markers)

94.

Some viruses have this extra layer of protection. Made out of lipids.

a)

Glycoproteins (surface markers)

b)

Nucleic Acids

c)

Capsid

d)

Envelope

95.

How do vaccines work against viruses?

a)

Vaccines are like antibiotics, except they work against viruses.

b)

Vaccines try to prepare the immune system to fight the virus.

c)

Vaccines make it impossible for a virus to enter a host cell.

d)

Vaccines find viral DNA or RNA and cut it to pieces, making the virus unable to replicate.

96.

How does Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) replicate?

a)

Lytic Cycle

b)

Lysogenic Cycle

c)

Mitosis

d)

Binary fission

97.

How does influenza (flu virus) replicate?

a)

Lytic Cycle

b)

Lysogenic Cycle

c)

Mitosis

d)

Binary fission

98.

Should a doctor give a patient antibiotics to treat a disease caused by a virus?

a)

Yes, because antibiotics will stop the cellular processes of the virus, helping the patient get better faster.

b)

Yes, because antibiotics will kill bacteria in the body, giving the immune system an easier time fighting the virus.

c)

No, because diseases caused by viruses are always deadly, meaning that the patient cannot be saved.

d)

No, because viruses are not cells, and antibiotics target cellular processes.

99.

__________ are found in BOTH viruses AND in living single-celled organisms, such as protozoans and bacteria.

a)

ribosomes

b)

a nucleus

c)

nucleic acid (DNA or RNA)

d)

a cell membrane

100.

A virus is referred to as a particle rather than a cell because structurally it is a

a)

RNA core in a carbohydrate envelope.

b)

nucleus surrounded by a protein coat.

c)

plasmid of DNA surrounded by a capsid.

d)

RNA or DNA core surrounded by a protein coat.

101.

Which statement describes ALL living things (NOT viruses)?

a)

They must reproduce sexually.

b)

They are composed of one or more cells.

c)

They are capable of making their own food.

d)

They have organ systems to carry out the processes of life.

102.

The outer protein coat of a virus is called a

a)

membrane envelope

b)

capsid

c)

bacteriophage

d)

head

103.

What materials make up many viruses?

a)

proteins and nucleic acids

b)

capsids, crystals, and nitrogen

c)

bacteriophages, capsids, and membranes

d)

RNA, DNA, and bacteriophages

104.

The instructions for making new copies of a virus are

a)

part of a virus's capsid.

b)

coded in either RNA or DNA.

c)

coded in proteins on the surface membrane.

d)

found only in bacteriophages.

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