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College Biology Unit 3 Review 2025

Total questions: 136

Worksheet time: 3hrs 44mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the process through which the majority of ATP is produced?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Respiration

c)

Exercise

d)

Nucleotides

2.

Which of these organisms produce ATP through cellular respiration?

a)

Plants

b)

Animals

c)

Both

d)

Neither

3.

What is used or released when ATP becomes ADP?

a)

phosphate released / energy used

b)

phosphate used / energy released

c)

phosphate released / energy released

d)

phosphate used / energy released

4.

Which macromolecule has the quickest release of energy?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Proteins

d)

Nucleic Acids

5.

What is ATP used for?

a)

It is recharged to be used later.

b)

As a backbone for DNA.

c)

Special cell actions that require large amounts of energy.

d)

Any cellular process requiring energy.

6.

Which enzyme helps attach a phosphate onto ADP?

a)

ADPase

b)

ATPase

c)

ATPsynthase

d)

Ace of Base

7.
Which structures shown in the Figure make up the ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
A, B and C
c)
A, B, C, and D
d)
C and D
8.
What are the parts of the ATP molecule?
a)
adenine, thylakoids, stroma
b)
stroma, grana, chlorophyll
c)
adenine, ribose, phosphate groups
d)
NADH, NAHPH, FADH
9.
Which bond of the ATP molecule is broken in order to release energy?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
10.
Using the figure, which parts of the molecule must the bonds be broken to form an ADP molecule?
a)
A and B
b)
B and C
c)
C and D
d)
all of the above
11.
Where is the energy stored in ATP molecules
a)
In the Ribose Sugar
b)
In the Adenine group
c)
In the Phosphate bonds
d)
In the Bank
12.

What is an enzyme that catalyzes the reaction in which a free Phosphate is added to an ADP molecule

a)

ADP synthase

b)

ATP polymerase

c)

ATP synthase

d)

ATT synthase

13.

Where is the site of photosynthesis

a)

chlorophyll

b)

chloroplast

c)

chromosome

d)

chlorine

14.

What is the electron acceptor in the light reactions

a)

ATP

b)

ADP

c)

NADP+

d)

ATT

15.

What are the series of reactions taking place in the thylakoid membrane in which light is absorbed and energy is transferred to molecules of ATP and NADPH

a)

Calvin cycle

b)

dark reactions

c)

light reactions

d)

ATP reactions

16.

What are the series of reactions in which energy from ATP and NADPH is transferred to molecules of glucose

a)

Calvin cycle

b)

light reactions

c)

ATP reactions

d)

chlorophyll reactions

17.

What are the disc like structures found within the chloroplast that are the site of the light reactions

a)

chlorophyll

b)

stroma

c)

thylakoid

d)

glucose

18.

What is the fluid that fills the chloroplast

a)

chlorophyll

b)

stroma

c)

thylakoid

d)

glucose

19.

What are the series of proteins and enzymes located in the thylakoid membrane that use the energy from electrons to create ATP?

a)

electron auto acceptor

b)

electron transport chain

c)

electron auto energizer

d)

electron transporter

20.

What is the pigment that absorbs red and blues and reflects green; primary pigment in photosynthesis

a)

chlorophyll

b)

caretonoids

c)

Xanthophylls

d)

flavonoids

21.

What is the pigment that reflect orange, red, and yellow; accessory pigments in photosynthesis

a)

chlorophyll

b)

caretonoids

c)

Xanthophylls

d)

flavonoids

22.

What organelle does ATP process happen.

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Lysosomes

d)

Ribosomes

23.

In what process is ATP produced?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Energy

c)

Adenine

d)

Cellular respiration

24.
Enzymes are...
a)
nucleic acids
b)
proteins
c)
lipids
d)
carbohydrates
25.
What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?
a)
The enzymes die.
b)
The shapes of the enzyme are altered denature
c)
The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.
d)
The enzymes remain the same
26.
Which form of cellular transport requires would not occur if there were no ATP present
a)
Active Transport
b)
Diffusion
c)
Osmosis
d)
Facilitated Diffusion
27.
Energy is released from ATP when _______________________.

a)
a phosphate group is added
b)
adenine bonds to ribose
c)
a phosphate group is removed
d)
ATP is exposed to sunlight
28.

What does FADH2 and NADH bring to the electron transport chain?

a)

Oxygen

b)

Water

c)

Electron

d)

ATP

29.

ATP synthesis by ATP synthase is driven by

a)

H+ movement

b)

electron movement

c)

NADH movement

d)

FADH2 movement

30.
The conversion of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate is the result of what process?
a)
the krebs cycle
b)
glycolysis
c)
the electron transport chain
d)
oxidative phosphorylation
31.
What enzyme in the ETC is responsible for generating the ATP molecules?
a)
ATPase
b)
ATP synthase
c)
Hexokinase
d)
none of the above
32.
Cellular Respiration is considered aerobic because it:
a)
requires carbon dioxide
b)
requires glucose
c)
requires ATP
d)
requires oxygen
33.

Which of the following processes creates the most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

glycolysis

b)

fermentation

c)

electron transport chain

d)

Citric acid cycle

34.

ATP synthesis by ATP synthase is driven by

a)

H+ movement

b)

electron movement

c)

NADH movement

d)

FADH2 movement

35.

What are the byproducts of aerobic respiration?

a)
Glucose and oxygen
b)
Carbon dioxide and water
c)
Lactic acid
d)
Carbon monoxide
36.

Contains enzymes for the Krebs cycle.

a)

cristae

b)

matrix

c)

inner membrane

d)

outer membrane

37.

Where does glycolysis take place?

a)

Cytosol

b)

Mitochondrial Matrix

c)

Mitochondrial Cristae

d)

Stroma

e)

Thylakoid Membrane

38.

What is the input of glycolysis?

a)

glucose

b)

pyruvate

c)

NADH

d)

G3P

39.

What is the output of glycolysis? (3 choices)

a)

glucose

b)

2 pyruvate

c)

2 NADH

d)

2 ATP

e)

2 FADH2

40.

What is the main function of glycolysis?

a)

To complete the breakdown of glucose

b)

To generate a proton gradient and synthesize ATP

c)

To split a glucose molecule in half and synthesize NADH and 2 ATP

41.

In the electron transport chain, Oxygen acts as...

a)

a carrier of electrons, passing electrons down the chain

b)

a reducing agent

c)

the final electron acceptor

d)

a coenzyme

42.

Light-independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar

a)

Stroma

b)

ATP synthase

c)

Calvin Cycle

d)

Electron Transport Chains

43.

Principal pigment of plants and other photosynthetic organisms

a)

Stroma

b)

Chlorophyll

c)

NADP+

d)

ATP

44.

Set of reactions in photosynthesis that use energy from light to produce ATP and NADPH

a)

Light-dependent

b)

Light-independent

c)

Calvin Cycle

d)

Electron transport chains

45.

Set of reactions in photosynthesis that do not require light; energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar; also called the Calvin Cycle

a)

Light-dependent

b)

Light-independent

c)

Electron transport chain

d)

ATP synthase

46.

Organism that is able to capture energy from sunlight or chemicals and use it to produce its own food from inorganic compounds; also called a producer

a)

Autotroph

b)

Heterotroph

c)

Thylakoid

d)

Stroma

47.

Where does oxidative phosphorylation (ETC) take place?

a)

chloroplast

b)

cristae

c)

matrix

d)

cytosol

48.
Where does glycolysis occur?
a)
mitochondrial matrix
b)

cytosol

c)
inner membrane of mitochondria
d)
outer membrane of mitochondria
49.
What are the three stages that make up cellular respiration?
a)
light reactions, calvin cycle and electron transport
b)
glycolysis, kreb's cycle and Calvin cycle
c)
Glycolysis, Kreb's cycle and electron transport
d)
Light Reactions, Calvin Cycle and Glycolysis
50.
light independent reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugar
a)
Calvin cycle
b)
photosystem
c)
electron transport chain
d)
ATP synthase
51.
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is used to make sugar during 
a)
ATP formation
b)
the Calvin cycle
c)
the light-dependent reactions
d)
the electron transport chain
52.
What is the function of NADPH and ATP in the Calvin cycle?
a)
They provide the energy required to build high-energy sugars
b)
They provide the energy to create needed oxygen
c)
They provide the energy required to release water
d)
They provide the energy required to expel CO2
53.

What are the reactants in cell respiration?

a)

water, carbon dioxide, light

b)

oxygen, sugar

c)

sugar, water, carbon dioxide

54.

Where does Kreb's Cycle occur?

a)

mitochondria inner membrane

b)

mitochondria matrix

c)

cytoplasm

55.

Anaerobic means

a)

with oxygen

b)

without oxygen

c)

to run for a long time

56.

What are the products of cell respiration?

a)

water, light, and sugar

b)

water, carbon dioxide, ATP

c)

oxygen, water, sugar

57.

Photosynthesis _________ the energy that cell respiration ______.

a)

builds ; breaks

b)

breaks ; build

c)

eats ; builds

58.

What product(s) coming out of photosynthesis can straight to mitochondria for energy?

a)

carbon dioxide and sugar

b)

sugar and oxygen

c)

water and light

59.

Where does anaerobic respiration occur?

a)

mitochondria matrix

b)

mitochondria inner membrane

c)

cytoplasm

60.

The process of photosynthesis enables plants to sustain themselves by creating...?

a)

glucose

b)

chlorophyll

c)

water vapor

d)

carbon dioxide

61.

Photosynthetic plants transform radiant energy into...?

a)

chemical energy

b)

electricity

c)

solar energy

d)

heat energy

62.

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for cell respiration?

a)

6CO₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂+ ATP --> H₂0

b)

CO₂ + H₂0 + light energy in Chlorophyll ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

c)

6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + light energy in Chlorophyll ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

d)

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ---> 6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + ATP

63.

Which of the following is the correct chemical equation for photosynthesis?

a)

6CO₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂+ light energy in Chlorophyll ---> H₂0

b)

CO₂ + H₂0 + light energy in Chlorophyll ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

c)

6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + light energy in Chlorophyll ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

d)

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ ---> 6CO₂ + 6H₂0 + ATP

64.
Glycolysis results in the net gain of:
a)
2 ATP
b)
4 ATP
c)
4 NADH
d)
2 Acetyl CoA
65.
What is the starting molecule for glycolysis?
a)
Glucose
b)
ADP
c)
Oxygen
d)
Pyruvic Acid
66.
What is Anaerobic Respiration?
a)
process of producing energy without oxygen.
b)
process of producing energy with oxygen.
67.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
water and carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen and glucose
c)
oxygen and carbon dioxide
d)
oxygen and water
68.
Plants need ________from the air for photosynthesis
a)
oxygen
b)
soil
c)
carbon dioxide
d)
sugar
69.

Where do animals get the glucose that is needed for cellular respiration?

a)

from the exercise they get

b)

from the water they drink

c)

from the food they eat

d)

from the sunlight they get

70.

Which organism(s) go through cellular respiration?

a)

animals only

b)

plants only

c)

both animals and plants

d)

decomposers

71.

Anaerobic means without ________?

a)

Nitrogen

b)

Carbon Dioxide

c)

Oxygen

d)

Phosphorus

72.

If oxygen is present, the Kreb's cycle occurs in the _______?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Matrix

c)

Inner Membrane

d)

Chloroplast

73.

About how many ATP molecules are created by aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

0

b)

2

c)

36

d)

12

74.

Which of the following is NOT a stage of aerobic cellular respiration?

a)

glycolysis

b)

Krebs Cycle

c)

fermentation

d)

ETC

75.

Fermentation and Aerobic Respiration produce different amounts of ATP. What is the correct pairing of amount of ATP produced?

a)

Fermentation = 2; Aerobic Respiration = 36

b)

Fermentation = 4; Aerobic Respiration = 32

c)

Fermentation = 36; Aerobic Respiration = 2

d)

Fermentation = 2; Aerobic Respiration = 32

76.

What are the products of anaerobic in yeast?

I. ATP

II. CO2

III. Ethanol

IV. Lactic Acid

a)

I, II and III

b)

I, II and IV

c)

I, III and IV

d)

II, III and IV

77.

Plants (Select all that apply)

a)

Perform photosynthesis

b)

Perform cellular respiration

c)

Lactic Acid Fermentation

d)

Ethanol Fermentation

78.

Types of fermentation are ___

(Select all that apply)

a)

Bacteria

b)

Yeast

c)

Lactic Acid Fermentation

d)

Ethanol Fermentation

79.
What are the reactants of photosynthesis?
a)
Sunlight
b)
Water
c)
Oxygen
d)
Carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
80.
What are the products of photosynthesis?
a)
Tree
b)
Sunlight
c)
Hydrogen
d)
Oxygen and glucose
81.

What kind of respiration does yeast do when there is no oxygen present?

a)

Aerobic Respiration

b)

Fermentation

c)

Photosynthesis

82.

Which of these equations shows anaerobic respiration in animals?

a)

Glucose + Oxygen -> CO2 + Water

b)

Glucose -> Lactic Acid

c)

Glucose -> Ethanol + CO2

83.
Glycolysis results in the net gain of:
a)
2 ATP
b)
4 ATP
c)
4 NADH
d)
2 Acetyl CoA
84.

The correct word equation for aerobic respiration is

a)

carbon dioxide + water (+ energy) → glucose + oxygen

b)

water + oxygen → carbon dioxide + glucose (+ energy)

c)

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

d)

glucose + water → carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)

85.
Which choice correctly shows the gases that enter and exit plants during photosynthesis?
a)
Enter: Oxygen
Exit: Carbon dioxide
b)
Enter: Water vapor
Exit: Glucose
c)
Enter: Carbon dioxide
Exit: Oxygen
d)
Enter: Light
Exit: Water vapor
86.
A student is collecting the gas given off from a plant in bright sunlight at a temperature of 27°C. The gas being collected is probably ________.
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
ATP
d)
glucose
87.
If carbon dioxide is completely removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars (rate of photosynthesis)?
a)
Sugar production will likely increase.
b)
Sugars will not be produced.
c)
The rate of sugar production will decrease .
d)
Fewer sugars will be produced at first, but then the plant will recover.
88.

What is the first stage of photosynthesis called?

a)

A. Light-dependent reactions

b)

B. Calvin cycle

c)

C. Electron transport chain

d)

D. Krebs cycle

89.

What is the main purpose of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

a)

A. Production of ATP

b)

B. Production of NADPH

c)

C. Production of glucose

d)

D. Production of oxygen

90.
Where does the light independent reaction take place?
a)
Matrix
b)
Stroma
c)
Thylakoid membrane
d)
Cytoplasm
91.

•An enzyme that fixes carbon from atmosphere to convert it to complex macromolecule glucose.

a)

RuBP (Ribulose bisphosphate)

b)

RuBisCo (Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase)

c)

PGA (3-Phosphoglycerate)

d)

G3P (Glyceraldeyhyde 3-Phosphate)

92.

The place where the light reactions happen in the chloroplast..

a)

Stroma

b)

Grana

c)

Inner Membrane

d)

Thylakoid

93.
Chlorophyll absorbs _____ and _______ light from the light.
a)
purple and green
b)
red and blue
c)
black and orange
d)
yellow and green
94.
In the Calvin Cycle, which enzyme helps keep the cycle going?
a)
Hydrolase
b)
Rubisco
c)
Pepsisco
d)
Re-starterase
95.

What supplies the electron that is lost in the light reactions?

a)
oxygen
b)
water
c)
glucose
d)
rubisco
96.

What is the function of NADP+ in the electron transport chain?

a)

NADP+ acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain.

b)

NADP+ acts as an electron donor in the electron transport chain.

c)

NADP+ acts as an enzyme in the electron transport chain.

d)

NADP+ acts as a catalyst in the electron transport chain.

97.

Where does the Calvin cycle take place in the cell?

a)

stroma

b)

cell membrane

c)

mitochondria

d)

nucleus

98.
What gas is given off as a result of respiration?
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
hydrogen
d)
nitrogen
99.
What gas is needed in order to perform respiration at the cellular level?
a)
oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
hydrogen
d)
nitrogen
100.
What is another word for anaerobic respiration?
a)
Fermentation
b)
Breathing
c)
Glycolysis
d)
Synthesis
101.
Which statement BEST compares aerobic and anaerobic respiration?
a)
Less ATP is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration
b)
more water is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration
c)
more oxygen is generated during anaerobic respiration than during aerobic respiration
d)
less lactic acid is generated during anaeobic respiration than during aerobic respiration
102.
How can photosynthesis be related to cellular respiration?
a)
What's produced (made) by one is needed (the reactants) for the other
b)
They both produce the same products
c)
They both have the same reactants (need the same things)
d)
These 2 processes have nothing in common
103.

During glycolysis, glucose breaks into

a)

1 pyruvate

b)

2 pyruvates

c)

3 pyruvates

d)

2 NADH

104.

What's the chemical formula for glucose?

a)

6C6HO6

b)

C12H6O12

c)

C6H12O6

d)

CHO

105.

The Electron Transport Chain (ETC) occurs across the ________ and so extra folds called ________ enable it to occur more often

a)

Mitochondrial matrix, villi

b)

Outer mitochondrial membrane, flagella

c)

Inner mitochondrial membrane, cristae

d)

Cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum

106.

After strenuous exercise, a muscle cell would contain decreased amounts of ______ and increased amounts of ______ ____

a)

glucose; ATP

b)

ATP; glucose

c)

oxygen; lactic acid

d)

lactic acid; ATP

107.

What process is found in both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

a)

the Kreb's cycle

b)

oxidative phosphorylation

c)

the citric acid cycle

d)

glycolysis

108.

The final electron acceptor of aerobic respiration is _______ and this allows _______________ to continue.

a)

oxygen, electron flow

b)

water, citric acid cycle

c)

carbon dioxide, aerobic respiration

d)

NAD+, chemiosmosis

109.

The main purpose of fermentation is to

a)

produce oxygen

b)

replenish NAD+ for glycolysis

c)

replenish oxaloacetic acid for the Krebs cycle

d)

produce ATP

110.

It is possible for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes to perform glycolysis because it occurs in the _____________

a)

mitochondrial matrix

b)

inner membrane

c)

cytoplasm

d)

cell membrane

111.

The electrons that transfer energy to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane were supplied by

a)

ATP and NADPH

b)

NADH and FADH2

c)

water and oxygen

112.
What is a substance called if it speeds up a chemical reaction?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
113.
With what 3 letters do enzymes typically end?
a)
-ose
b)
-ase
c)
-ese
d)
-tic
114.

Enzymes are an example of

a)

Lipids

b)

Carbohydrate

c)

Protein

d)

Nucleic Acid

115.
Each enzyme only has 1 substrate that will fit its active site.  What is this called?
a)
reusable
b)
catalyst
c)
specific
d)
fragile
116.
In the diagram, what is letter A? 
a)
product
b)
substrate
c)
enzyme-substrate complex
d)
active site
117.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
118.
Letter B...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
119.
Letter C...
a)
active site
b)
enzymes
c)
substrate
d)
products
120.
Letter E...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
121.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
122.

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

a)

The enzymes die.

b)

The shape of the enzyme are changed and it denatures

c)

The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.

d)

The enzymes remain the same

123.
The molecule an enzyme is working on is called the:
a)
Substrate
b)
Solvent
c)
Allosteric Inhibitor
d)
CoEnzyme
124.
Which of these is NOT true?
a)
Enzymes can denature (change shape) when the temperature gets too high.
b)
Enzymes can only be used once in a chemical reaction. 
c)
Extreme pH can denature enzymes.
d)
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions. 
125.
Based on the graph, what temperature does this enzyme work best? 
a)
15 C
b)
40 C
c)
30 C
d)
47 C
126.
The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?
a)
Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
b)
Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
c)
Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
d)
Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.
127.
What is the function of an enzyme?
a)
enzymes break themselves into small pieces
b)
enzymes slow down chemical reactions
c)
enzymes speed up chemical reactions
d)
enzymes combine products to form reactants 
128.
Enzymes will make a reaction go _______ and use ______ energy.
a)
faster, less
b)
faster, more
c)
slower, less
d)
slower, more
129.
What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured?
a)
Activation energy is lowered.
b)
It becomes stronger.
c)
It loses its shape.
d)
Activation energy is raised.
130.
Every enzyme has a optimal temperature and pH. True or False?
a)
True 
b)
False
131.
Enzymes are composed of which of the following monomers? 
a)
amino acids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
nucleotides
d)
monosaccharides
132.

In the lock-and-key model of enzyme action, the __________ fits into the __________ of the enzyme.

a)

product; substrate

b)

active site; product

c)

substrate; active site

d)

active site; substrate

133.

A receptor site that a molecule can bind to that changes the shape of the active site is called a(n):

a)

Allosteric Site

b)

Active Site

c)

Activation site

d)

Reactant site

134.
When a molecule can occupy the same active site as the substrate, a situation called __________________ can result
a)
Competitive lnhibition
b)
Allosteric Regulation
c)
Non-Competitive Inhibition
d)
Feedback Inhibition
135.

Which of the following is NOT true about allosteric regulation?

a)

Regulatory molecules will bind to a place on the enzyme that is not the active site

b)

It can amplify or inhibit enzyme activity

c)

Allosteric inhibitors will compete with substrate for the active site

d)

It helps a cell regulate its metabolism

136.

Which of the following can be used to determine the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

a)

The rate of substrate formed

b)

The decrease in temperature in the system

c)

The rate of enzyme used up

d)

The rate of substrate used up