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DNA Basics

Total questions: 70

Worksheet time: 1hrs 29mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

DNA replication occurs during ​ (a)   .

Choose from the below words
interphase
metaphase
telophase
anaphase
prophase
2.

What is the principal enzyme involved in DNA replication

a)

glucose

b)

fructose

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Lactase

3.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
4.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
5.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
6.
Which sequence of DNA bases would pair with this partial strand
ATG TGA CAG
a)
ATG TGA CAG
b)
TAC ACT GTC
c)
GTA AGT GAC
d)
CAT TCA CTG
7.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
8.
Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
9.
What are the nucleotides made of?
a)
Sugar, Phosphate, nitrogen base
b)
Phosphate, Adenine, nitrogen base
c)
Thymine, Adenine, Cytomine
d)
Phosphate, Nitrogen, Adenine
10.
What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?
a)
the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
b)
the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
c)
the color of the nitrogen bases
d)
the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases
11.
The shape of the DNA molecule is a double __________________?
a)
"S"
b)
helix
c)
rope
d)
curve
12.
The enzyme that unzips the DNA to prepare for replication
a)
helicase
b)
replicase
c)
polymerase
d)
synthase
13.
DNA replication results in two DNA molecules,
a)
each one with two original strands
b)
each one with two new strands
c)
each one with one new strand and one original strand
d)
one with two new strands and the other with two original strands
14.
Based on the diagram, the enzyme (represented in gray) is most likely...
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
DNA Ligase
c)
Nuclease
d)
Helicase
15.
This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.
a)
anti-parallel
b)
deoxyribosic
c)
helical
d)
radioactive
16.
In what phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?
a)
G1
b)
S
c)
G2
d)
M
17.

Undifferentiated cells that can become one or more specialized types of cell are called_________

a)

Stem Cells

b)

Somatic Cells

c)

Body Cells

d)

Zygotes

18.

What is a gene?

a)

A section of DNA with instructions for making a protein

b)

A section of DNA with instructions for making a carbohydrate

c)

One nucleic acid chain that codes for DNA

d)

One protein chain that codes for DNA

19.

How many chromosomes are in each human body cell?

a)

46

b)

23

c)

1

d)

48

20.

Centrioles form _______ during Prophase

a)

Spindle Fibers

b)

Chromosomes

c)

Sister Chromatids

d)

Chromatin

21.

During Metaphase where do the chromosomes line up?

a)

Middle of the cell

b)

Outside the cell

c)

Edges of the Cell

d)

Around the Cell

22.

During Anaphase what are separated?

a)

Spindle Fibers

b)

Sister Chromatids

c)

Telomeres

d)

Chromosomes

23.

What is the end result of mitosis?

a)

2 identical body cells

b)

2 gametes

c)

2 zygotes

d)

2 different body cells

24.

What is the last stage of the cell cycle?

a)

Interphase

b)

Cytokinesis

c)

S phase

d)

Telophase

25.

What is the term for scheduled cell death?

a)

Apoptosis

b)

Interphase

c)

Mitosis

d)

Anaphase

26.

What regulates the cell cycle?

a)

Proteins

b)

Lipids

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Carbohydrates

27.
What are the consequences of errors in the cell cycle?
a)
Cell death
b)
Cancer
c)
Genetic mutations
d)
All of the above
28.

Glues DNA fragments together

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

e)

Single stranded binding proteins

29.

Keeps the DNA strands separated

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Helicase

c)

Ligase

d)

Primase

e)

Single stranded binding proteins

30.

DNA replication is a semiconservative process. Why?

a)

When DNA replicates, each new DNA molecule contains half of the original molecule.

b)

When cells reproduce, the new cell needs a copy of the DNA.

c)

The two DNA strands do not go in the same direction.

d)

DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to the 3’ end of the DNA strand.

31.
What is the sugar in DNA called?
a)
Deoxyribose
b)
Dantein
c)
Diglyceride
d)
Dalvin
32.

What does DNA stand for?

a)

Deoxyribonucleic acid

b)

Denitrogenous acid

c)

Deribonucleic acid

d)

Dexoyribonucic acid

e)

Deoxyribonuclic acid

33.
What is the monomer of nucleic acids?
a)
Glycerol
b)
Monosaccharides
c)
Amino Acids
d)
Nucleotides
34.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
35.

What are the four nitrogen bases?

a)

adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

b)

adenine, lysine, prolene, guanine

c)

arganine, cytosine, lysine, purine

d)

lysine, cytosine, lucine, guanine

36.

What part of the nucleotide is labled "B"

a)

Phosphate

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Protein

d)

Sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)

37.

What part of the nucleotide is labled "C"

a)

Phosphate

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Protein

d)

Sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)

38.

What part of the nucleotide is labled "A"

a)

Phosphate

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Protein

d)

Sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)

39.
What phase of mitosis is occuring in the picture?
a)
Prophase
b)
Metaphase
c)
Cytokinesis
d)
Telophase
40.

Why is DNA damage repaired before it goes into mitosis?

a)

so DNA synthesis doesn't need to take place

b)

to make sure each daughter cell is healthy and can continue growth

c)

so chromosomes line up correctly in metaphase

d)

to make sure each cell gets cytoplasm in cytokinesis

41.
What is the sugar in DNA called?
a)
Deoxyribose
b)

Ribose

c)
Diglyceride
d)

Cellulose

42.
Adenine pairs with...
a)
Thymine
b)
Cytosine
c)
Guanine
d)
It does not pair with any of them
43.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
44.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
45.
What will the matching sequence be on a strand that reads AAGCTAT?
a)
AACGATA
b)
TTCGTTA
c)
CCTGATA
d)
TTCGATA
46.
The two strands of nitrogenous bases in DNA are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
47.
X outlines a(n) ___________.
a)
amino acid
b)
nitrogen base 
c)
nucleotide
d)
nitrogen base pair
48.
Identify #2.
a)
nitrogen base
b)
phosphate group
c)
deoxyribose sugar
d)
nucleotide
49.

What part of the nucleotide is labled "A"

a)

Phosphate

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Protein

d)

Sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)

50.

What part of the nucleotide is labled "B"

a)

Phosphate

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Protein

d)

Sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)

51.

What part of the nucleotide is labled "C"

a)

Phosphate

b)

Nitrogenous Base

c)

Protein

d)

Sugar (Deoxyribose or Ribose)

52.

Which scientist is associated with the discovery of equal amounts of adenine and thymine in DNA?

a)

Rosalind Franklin

b)

James Watson

c)

Erwin Chargaff

d)

Francis Crick

53.

What did Hershey and Chase demonstrate about DNA?

a)

DNA is a protein

b)

DNA is the source of genetic information

c)

DNA is a lipid

d)

DNA is a carbohydrate

54.

Who used Franklin's pictures to construct a 3D model of DNA?

a)

Hershey and Chase

b)

Watson and Crick

c)

Chargaff and Franklin

d)

Mendel and Darwin

55.
Which scientists used viruses and radioactive isotopes to definitively prove that DNA, and not protein, was the molecule of heredity?
a)
Griffith and Avery
b)
Chargaff and Franklin
c)
Watson and Crick
d)
Hershey and Chase
56.
What is the  name of this image
a)
Image 51
b)
Series 51
c)
Franklin's Photograph
d)
Photograph 51
57.
Who is responsible for producing this image?
a)
Francis Crick
b)
James Watson
c)
Rosalind Franklin
d)
Watson and Crick
58.
What does this image show?
a)
Double Helical Structure of DNA
b)
Triple Helical Structure of DNA
c)
I don't know, is that a Rorschach test?
d)
The image is inconclusive
59.
The work of scientists including Griffin, Avery, Hershey & Chase, and Franklin helped us to determine that _______ are responsible for carrying genetic material.
a)
Amino Acids
b)
Proteins
c)
Nucleic Acids
d)
Carbohydrates
60.
Rosalind Franklin's "Photo 51" allowed Watson and Crick to determine the _______ of DNA.
a)
Shape
b)
Backbone
c)
Nitrogen bases
d)
Hydrogen bonds
61.
The work of Erwin Chargaff allowed Watson and Crick to determine the rules of.......
a)
protein synthesis
b)
transcription
c)
hydrogen bonding
d)
nitrogen base pairing
62.
From his work with mice and pneumonia-causing bacteria, Frederick Griffith discovered what?
a)
Replication
b)
Transcription
c)
Transformation
d)
Translation
63.
What did Erwin Chargaff conclude from his experiments?
a)
Nitrogen bases are held together by peptide bonds
b)
A and T, C and G always occur in equal amounts
c)
Proteins are the carriers of genetic information
d)
C and G rarely occur in eukaryotic organisms
64.
How did Rosalind Franklin's photo 51 affect the work of Watson and Crick?
a)
It was used to determine the physical structure of DNA
b)
It was used to identify the four bases that make up DNA
c)
It was used to determine the theory of independent assortment
d)
It was used to show DNA was the molecule of inheritance
65.
Who was responsible for the model shown?
a)
Oswald Avery
b)
Watson and Crick
c)
Erwin Chargaff
d)
Rosalind Franklin
66.

The structure of DNA was discovered in ___________________.

a)

1953

b)

1965

c)

1900

d)

1980's

67.
What organism was Griffith using when he discovered that a harmless strain of bacteria could transform into a lethal strain of bacteria?
a)
pea plants
b)
fruit flies
c)
bacteriophages
d)
mice
68.
This scientist(s) conducted experiments that involved injecting mice with S bacteria and R bacteria.
a)
Avery
b)
Griffith
c)
Watson & Crick
d)
Hershey & Chase
69.
In the early 1900s, most scientists thought it was _____________ that carried traits form parent to offspring. 
a)
Carbohydrates
b)
Lipids
c)
Proteins
d)
DNA
70.
Scientist(s) who used chemical analysis to show that the genetic material in bacteria was DNA
a)
Griffith
b)
Hershey & Chase
c)
Mendel
d)
Avery

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