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Unit 5: Gene Expression Test Review

Total questions: 81

Worksheet time: 3hrs 51mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Which of the following are differences in the structure between RNA and DNA

a)

DNA uses deoxyribose sugar, RNA uses sugar ribose

b)

DNA pairs Adenine with Uracil, RNA pairs Adenine with Thymine

c)

DNA is a double helix, RNA is a single helix

d)

DNA pairs Adenine with Thymine, RNA pairs Adenine with Uracil

2.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

3.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

4.

These building blocks consist of a sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base.

a)

Ribose

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Gene

d)

Protein

5.

A string of nucleotides that contain the information to make a specific protein

a)

Ribose

b)

Amino Acids

c)

tRNA

d)

Gene

6.

During translation, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for delivering amino acids to help make a protein.

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

dRNA

7.

There are a total of ____ different amino acids

a)

20

b)

1

c)

4

d)

unlimited

8.

mRNA occurs during this process

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Delivery

9.

How many amino acids are found on one tRNA?

a)

20

b)

4

c)

1

d)

3

10.
This is the triplet of bases on the end of a tRNA molecule
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
11.
The process where DNA is transcribed to mRNA happens in what part of the cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
12.
The function of ______ is to combine with proteins to form ribosomes.
a)
rRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
mRNA
d)
DNA
13.
The process where mRNA is read and made into an amino acid chain.
a)
Transcription
b)
Translation
c)
Transportation
d)
Transient
14.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
15.
What is the mRNA strand that would result from the DNA template strand CCTA?
a)
GGAT
b)
CCAT
c)
GGAU
d)
CCAU
16.
The process where mRNA is translated into amino acids happens in what part of the cell?
a)
Nucleus
b)
Mitochondria
c)
Cytoplasm
d)
Endoplasmic Reticulum
17.
The principle shown in the image is called what?
a)
Transcription
b)
The Central Dogma
c)
Translation
d)
The Principle of Proteins
18.
Which of these nitrogenous bases is NOT in RNA?
a)
Uracil
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Guanine
19.
In RNA, Uracil pairs with ______. 
a)
cytosine
b)
adenine
c)
guanine
d)
thymine
20.
DNA holds the code for
a)
lipids
b)
carbohydrates
c)
protein
d)
sugar
21.

What determines the function of a protein?

a)

Sequence of Amino Acids

b)

The size of the protein

c)

The type of organism it is found in

d)

The environment in which it is found

22.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUG CCA GUA UGA

a)

Met-Pro-Ala-Val

b)

Met-Pro-Val

c)

Tyr-Gly-His

d)

Tyr-Gly-Arg-His

23.

Translate the followings DNA sequence:

AAA GCG TAA ACC

a)

Phe- Arg- Ile-Trp

b)

Lys-Ala-Stop

c)

Phe-Arg-Met-Cys

d)

Pro- Ala-Lys- Asp

24.

Select all of the possible stop codons listed.

a)

UAA

b)

UGA

c)

UGG

d)

UGU

25.

Based on this picture, what process is represented by process C?

a)

Replication

b)

Transcription

c)

Translation

d)

Division

26.

The types of enzymes produced in a cell are regulated by the

a)

shape of DNA molecules

b)

size of nucleotides in DNA molecules

c)

order of nucleotides in DNA molecules

d)

location of DNA molecules

27.

The types of enzymes (or the sequence of amino acids) produced in a cell are based on the

a)

shape of DNA molecules

b)

size of nucleotides in DNA molecules

c)

order of nucleotides in DNA molecules

d)

location of DNA molecules

28.

What does letter D represent in this picture?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Polypeptide (amino acid chain)

c)

tRNA

d)

mRNA

29.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
30.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
31.
What statement best describes the role of DNA in protein synthesis? 
a)
DNA carries the amino acid to the ribosomes. 
b)
DNA forms the structural parts of the ribosomes.
c)
DNA joins the chains of amino acids to form a protein. 
d)
DNA contains the information for building individual proteins. 
32.
What is the function of transfer RNA?
a)
It is a part of the ribosome. 
b)
It delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome. 
c)
It bonds to other RNA molecules, leading to their destruction. 
d)
It carries the information coding for the amino acid sequence of a protein. 
33.
What are 3 types of RNA?
a)
mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
b)
aRNA, fRNA, mRNA
c)
TRNA, MRNA, RRNA
d)
MRNA, ARNA, FRNA, MRNA
34.

Which of the following is the correct order of molecules involved in protein synthesis?

a)

DNA, mRNA, tRNA, polypeptide

b)

Ribosome, Enzyme, Amino Acids

c)

Enzyme, Polypeptide, Ribosome

d)

mRNA, DNA, polypeptide, tRNA

35.

Mutations are changes in the DNA sequences. Do these mutations ALWAYS affect the organism's phenotype?

a)

Yes

b)

No

36.

How many bases make up a codon?

a)

3

b)

6

c)

1

d)

2

37.

If an amino acid sequence is: Met-Cys-Leu-Phe.

How many bases are used on the DNA?

a)

4

b)

12

c)

18

d)

6

38.

Which of the following letters represents the mRNA?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

39.

Which of the following is the correct order for the steps of transcription and translation?

1) The polypeptide chain grows until it reaches a stop codon

2) Enzymes unzip DNA and the DNA strand is transcribed into mRNA

3) The anticodon on tRNA bonds to the codon on mRNA to deliver the correct amino acid 

4) mRNA leaves the nucleus and bonds to the ribosome

a)

1, 2, 3, 4

b)

2, 4, 1, 3

c)

4, 2, 1, 3

d)

2, 4, 3, 1

40.

How are DNA and RNA different? (CHECK ALL THAT APPLY)

a)

Only DNA can leave the nucleus

b)

RNA contains Thymine; DNA contains Uracil

c)

DNA is double stranded, RNA is a single stranded

d)

DNA contains Thymine, RNA contains Uracil

41.
What mutation has occurred here? 
T-G-A-C-C-A
T-G-A-G-C-A
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Frameshift 
42.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
43.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
44.
Any change in the sequence of DNA is...
a)
transgenic shift
b)
Single Genotype
c)
Monohybrid Trait
d)
Mutation
45.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
46.
What is a codon?
a)
It is a three letter section of bases that are read by ribosomes to stamp amino acids into a protein
b)
They are the codes on the DNA (hence "code-on"
c)
It is a type of mutation that occurs when there has been a substitution, deletion or insertion.
d)
It is a made up word for this quiz. Nice try, Wampler.
47.
What are the building blocks of proteins called?
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
c)
Ribosomes
d)
Amino Acids
48.
Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?
a)
They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence
b)
They insert things that an organism doesn't need.
c)
They often delete things that organisms need.
d)
Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.
49.
Why is the order of amino acids so important?
a)
The order of amino acids dictates what shape the protein will fold into.
b)
It is not important. The protein folding chamber will force the protein to fold into the correct shape.
50.
DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG
The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.
a)
Substitution
b)
Deletion
c)
Insertion
d)
Inversion
51.
In DNA, Adenine bonds with ______________.
a)
Guanine
b)
Thymine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Adenine
52.
Guanine bonds with ______________.
a)
Adenine
b)
Guanine
c)
Cytosine
d)
Thymine
53.
What molecule is shown in the double helix diagram shown?
a)
DAN
b)
RAN
c)
DNA
d)
RNA
54.
If you are a boy, what percent of your genes did you get from your dad?
a)
25%
b)
50%
c)
75%
d)
100%
55.
Which of these bases does not exist in RNA?
a)
C
b)
T
c)
U
d)
A
56.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)
AUGCUU
b)
ATGCTT
c)
GCATCC
d)
GCAUCC
57.
What type of chromosomal mutation is this?
a)
Inversion
b)
Translocation
c)
Deletion
d)
Duplication
58.
Identify the mutation in the picture.
a)
Inversion
b)
Duplication
c)
Deletion
d)
Translocation
59.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

60.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

61.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

62.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

63.

Identify the DELETION mutation form the following:

ATG CCA AAT

a)

ATG TCA AAT

b)

ATG CCT AAA T

c)

ATC CA AT

d)

ATG CCA AAT

64.

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

a)

Mutations 1 and 3 only

b)

Mutation 1 only

c)

Mutation 2 only

d)

Muations 1, 2, 3

65.

Which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?

a)

Deletion

b)

Substitution

c)

Insertion

d)

Translocation

66.

Part of a chromosome

is deleted

a)

Deletion Mutation-Gene

b)

Translocation

c)

Deletion Mutation -Chromosomal

d)

Crossing Over

67.

Part of a chromosome is repeated

a)

Gene Mutation

b)

Point Mutation

c)

Deletion Mutation

d)

Duplication Mutation

68.

Part of a chromosome is reversed.

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Translocation

d)

Point Mutation

69.

Part of one chromosome is transported and attached

to a non-homologous chromosome

a)

Inversion Mutation

b)

Translocation Mutation

c)

Duplication Mutation

d)

Point Mutation

70.
The process of changing the genetic material of a living organism 
a)
Genetic Modification
b)
Taxonomy
c)
Adapting
d)
Bioremediation
71.
What is recombinant DNA?
a)
Adding DNA from one organism into the DNA of another
b)
DNA which has been changed over generations by natural selection
c)
DNA that causes genetic disorders
d)
DNA that has been sequenced
72.
True or False: Gel electrophoresis allow scientist to compare DNA of different individuals.
a)
True
b)
False
73.

The laboratory process that makes many copies of DNA

a)

PCR

b)

Electrophoresis

c)

Gene Therapy

74.

Which is a concern of scientists when genetically modifying plants?

a)

Plants will pass on diseases to animals.

b)

There will be a decrease in biodiversity.

c)

Plants will have a longer growing season.

d)

There will be a decrease in revenue for pesticide manufacturers.

75.

Which best describes a controversial issue associated with the use of genetically modified crops?

a)

the use of genetically modified crops to increase potential yield

b)

the short term use of genetically modified crops in famine stricken countries

c)

the development of genetically modified crops which are resistant to herbicides

d)

the long term effects which may arise from the use of genetically modified crops

76.

Bacteria cells can be used to produce insulin for the treatment of diabetes in humans. Which best explains how the bacteria cells are able to produce insulin for humans?

a)

The bacteria have been grown on a petri dish containing insulin.

b)

The bacteria have been genetically engineered to contain the DNA needed to produce insulin.

c)

The bacteria have been exposed to radioactivity to create mutant strains capable of producing insulin.

d)

The bacteria have been grown on a petri dish containing sugar; the bacteria produce insulin in response to the sugar.

77.

Which area of biotechnology would most likely create ethical issues within human society?

a)

insulin production by bacteria

b)

organ cloning for use in transplants

c)

genetic engineering to improve agricultural yields

d)

DNA and forensic testing of crime scene evidence

78.

Genetic engineering has directly increased productivity in which U.S. industry?

a)

agriculture

b)

automobile

c)

media

d)

none of the above

79.

Which genetic engineering technique separates DNA fragments based on their size?

a)

PCR

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

Gene Cloning

d)

CRISPR

80.

Which of the following examples of genetic engineering repairs existing abnormal genes?

a)

CRISPR

b)

PCR

c)

Gel Electrophoresis

d)

Cloning

81.

Inserting a normal gene or editing an existing gene is called...

a)

Genetic Engineering

b)

Gene Therapy

c)

Gene Cloning

d)

Gene Sequencing

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